Cervical cancer screening by molecular Pap-transformation of gynecologic cytology.

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is one of the common cancers in women accounting for 7.9% of all cancers. In India it is the second commonest cancer in women. The immortality of the cancer cell and the relatively long time frame from acquisition of infection to development of cervical cancer was established. As major advancements like LBC, HPV testing were introduced in the recent years, screening has taken a new avatar, the Molecular pap!! The objectives of this study were: To compare gynecologic cytology and abnormal results with respect to conventional and LBC. To study the role of HPV cotesting and ancillary tests performed, that is, HPV CISH, and p16ink4a by IHC. METHODS: About 71 924 Conventional and LBC samples were included from August 2009 to December 2017. Cases for HPV testing along the conventional smears were 1539. HPV can be tested from the same LBC vial as the sample remains stable at room temperature for 6 weeks. HPV DNA PCR was carried out in our laboratory for High and Low risk genotypes. Cytology findings were also correlated with histology. RESULTS: Detection rate of SILs in LBC samples were higher (2.20%). The commonest abnormality was LSIL in LBC and ASCUS in conventional smears. Commonest HR HPV and LR HPV detected was 1 61 856 and 61 142. CONCLUSION: LBC with HPV cotesting improves sensitivity and specificity and reduces ambiguous results; allows better compliance, as a negative result of both tests allows patients to get screening every 5 years, thereby increasing screening intervals, important in a resource limited situation.

Update on the prevalence and genetic characterization of NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Indian hospitals during 2010.

Thirteen NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae, representing all carbapenem-resistant strains (5.2% overall) collected in 3 Indian hospitals during 2010, were analyzed. Eleven genetically distinct strains of 4 bacterial species were observed. All 3 E. coli strains belonged to ST101. Strains harbored bla(CTX-M-15) and at least 1 other ß-lactamase. Fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside resistance genes were detected in 11 and 6 strains, respectively. bla(NDM-1) was carried in plasmids of various sizes and incompatibility types, and 3 were transferred by conjugation. This study confirms the ability of bla(NDM-1) to disseminate among different bacterial species and the genetic variability of the structures carrying this metallo-ß-lactamase gene in India.