[INTERACTION OF PRO- AND EUKARYOTES AND THE PROBLEMS OF TISSUE BIOLOGY].

The article considers the interaction of pro- and eukaryotes from the standpoint of tissue biology. Examples of long-term persistence of prokaryotes in eukaryotic cells are presented. Morpho-functional characteristics of the interactions of pro- and eukaryotic cells are given, including their ultrastructural relationship. It is shown that the symbiosis between unrelated organisms is a reflection of their adaptation to the use of trophic resources of the environment. One of the implications of endocytobiosis of non-pathogenic bacteria in eukaryotic cells is to increase the biodiversity. The concept of multicellular eukaryotic organisms as complex cell and tissue systems of symbiotic interactions of pro- and eukaryotic cells, is discussed.

[The concept of tissues: the history and the present].

The concept of tissues is one of the main categories in histology. This paper describes the evolution of the tissue concept during the last century. The review of different definitions of tissues found in Russian and foreign educational and scientific literature published in XX-XXI centuries, is presented. Special attention is given to the changes of the concept of tissues that due to the appearance of the new approaches and concepts in tissue biology (doctrine of stem cells, differon principle of tissue organization, histione conception). A brief characteristic of different definitions of tissues based on various approaches that were suggested by Russian and foreign histologists, is given. The data are discussed that support the idea that the "tissue" concept belongs to a number of undefinable basic concepts of tissue biology.

[The state of the regenerative activity of the tympanic membrane tissues and the results of myringoplasty at different time points of remission of experimental otitis media].

The objective of the present study was to estimate the regenerative potential of the tympanic membrane tissues in the early period of remission after experimental otitis media and evaluate the results of myringoplasty. The experiments were carried out using 23 outbred dogs exhibiting no signs of "spontaneous otitis". Experimental otitis media was induced in 20 animals using a Staphylococcus aureus strain as the pathogenic organism. The treatment of the experimental animals was started two weeks after the development of otitis and continued up to obtaining the "dry ear" condition. The animals were allocated to 4 groups depending on the time of myringoplasty. In the animals of group 1 myringoplasty was performed one week after remission, those of groups 2, 3, and 4 underwent myringoplasty two, three, and four weeks after the onset of remission respectively. The results of the study indicate that the first two weeks after the inflammatory process in the middle ear subsided are the optimal time for myringoplasty because the proliferative activity during this period amounts to its maximum which promotes the survival of the transplant and the closure of tympanic defects.

[Bibliometric indexes of the editions, publishing the articles on the problems of morphology, and some bibliometric parameters of the authors of morphological publications].

The article presents a comparative assessment of some bibliometric parameters of national journals, publishing the articles on the problems of morphological scientific disciplines, and concise analysis of the publication activity of morphologists. The data are given on the application of bibliometric indexes for the evaluation of the scientific contribution of national researchers to the field of morphology. The information contained in the national database-- Russian Index of Scientific Citation, and that collected by means of selected overview of the national and foreign medical and biological journals, publishing the articles on various problems of morphological sciences during the last 20 years, served as the basis for the analysis. It is noted that the authors should consider the bibliometric indexes of the journals to which they submit their articles.

[Fyodor Mikhailovich Lazarenko and the development of Orenburg Scientific Histological School].

The article presents the main aspects of life and scientific investigations of F. M. Lazarenko, the founder of the Orenburg scientific histological school, the corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. The major directions and the results of scientific research of F. M. Lazarenko are described together with the research of his disciples and Orenburg histological school representatives working in Orenburg State Medical Academy during the period from 1930s to the beginning of XXI century.

[Comparative morpho-functional characteristics of the organs of the reproductive system of small mammals under conditions of anthropogenic transformation of Southern Ural steppe ecosystems].

The morpho-functional characteristics of reproductive organs of small mammals--striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius Pallas, 1771), house mouse (Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758), wood mouse (Sylvaemus uralensis Pallas, 1811), common vole (Microtus arvalis Pallas, 1778), bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus Schreber, 1780), steppe lemming (Lagurus lagurus Pallas, 1773), little suslik (Spermophilus pygmaeus Pallas, 1778), and red-heeked suslik (Spermophilus major Pallas, 1779)--belonging to the populations inhabiting anthropogenically modified steppe landscapes (zones influenced by the ferrous metallurgy plants and gas processing plant, as well as the territory of the large city) were studied using histological, electron microscopic, immunocytochemical and morphometric methods. In animals studied, inhabiting technologically modified ecosystems, in contrast to those from ecologically safe regions, the testis demonstrated the increased destruction of spermatogenic epithelium. In the ovaries, the accelerated exhaustion of follicular reserve was detected. The increased embryonic death rate was also observed. The portion of the animals participating in reproduction was enlarged, the female fecundity was increased, while the age at puberty was decreased. Among the animal species studied, the variable degree of stability against the effect of the negative factors was demonstrated.

[Morphological characteristic of gastric submucosal vessels in the peritumoral areas].

The structural peculiarities of the gastric submucosal vessels in the areas adjacent to the tumor, were studied in 63 patients with gastric cancer. It was found that the processes of tumoral angiogenesis affected not only a tumoral tissue, but also the submucosal regions adjacent to the tumor was characterized by an abnormal structure of its vascular network, their excessive twisting and pathological dilatation. In samples obtained from 33 out of 63 patients studied, the microcirculatory bed vessels were found to be formed by a single layer of endothelial cells. These vessels were found in 25 out of 28 patients with metastases in regional lymph nodes (89,3%) and only in 8 out of 35 patients without metastases (22,8%). The data obtained can be used for predicting the risk of lymphogenic metastase spread in patients with gastric cancer.

[Research of morphogenesis and regeneration and Orenburg scientific histological school founded by F.M. Lazarenko (from 1930s to the beginning of XXI century)].

This paper reviews the basic results of the scientific investigations of Orenburg scientific histological school which was founded by Prof. F.M. Lazarenko, on the problems of morphogenesis and regeneration, starting from the thirties of XX century till present time. The contribution of F.M. Lazarenko, Z.S. Khlystova, A.A. Stadnikov and other Orenburg scientists to the development of the problems of morphogenesis and regeneration is demonstrated.

[Morpho-functional characteristics of reproductive organs of rodents from the area affected by a plant, processing gas with the increased content of sulfur compounds].

The biology of reproduction of 5 rodent species--small gopher (Spermophilus pygmaeus Pallas, 1778), reddish gopher (Spermophilus major Pallas, 1779), sasin lemmer (Lagurus lagurus Pallas,1773), forest mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus Linnaeus) and bank vole(Clethrionomys glareolus Schreber, 1780)--inhabiting the sanitary protective zone of the gas processing plant, was investigated with the use of histological, electron microscopical, immunocytochemical and morphometric methods. Intensification of the reproduction (growth of female fecundity, reduction of the puberty age) in some species (forest mouse) compensated for the negative changes in the reproduction, which resulted from the influence of the industrial factors (premature loss of ovarian follicular reserve, accelerated embryonic death rate, increased destructive changes in the gonads) and provided for the preservation of the population sizes. The intense functioning of reproductive organs in the other species (small and reddish gophers) was insufficient to compensate for the damage inflicted by the man-caused actions.