Evaluation of the correlation between trigeminal nerve atrophy and trigeminal neuralgia using multimodal image fusion: A single-center retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: 3D-Slicer is an open-source medical image processing and visualization software. In the surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, it is commonly used to predict the responsible vessels. However, there are few reports on the use of 3D-Slicer software to quantitatively measure the bilateral trigeminal nerve volume in patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia (PTN) based on the three-dimensional images. Therefore, this study aims to explore the role of three-dimensional fused images processed by 3D-Slicer in the evaluation of trigeminal nerve atrophy, providing an objective basis for the diagnosis of PTN. METHODS: 57 PTN patients who underwent microvascular decompression (MVD) or percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) surgery in Hebei general hospital between January 2020 and April 2023 were included. Additionally, 30 patients with facial spasms(HFS) were included as a control group. All patients underwent 3D-TOF-MRA and 3D-FIESTA sequence examinations. Comparisons of bilateral trigeminal nerve volumes within and between groups were conducted by performing image fusion using 3D-slicer. RESULTS: The volume of the affected trigeminal nerve in the MVD group (33.96 mm³±12.61 mm³) and PBC group (23.05 mm³±7.71 mm³) was smaller than that of the unaffected trigeminal nerve in the MVD group (39.61 mm³±12.83 mm³) and PBC group (26.14 mm³±6.42 mm³), as well as the average volume of the trigeminal nerve in the control group (40.27 mm³±10.25 mm³) (P<0.05). The differences in bilateral trigeminal ganglion volume (∆V) was significant between the MVD group (∆V=23.59 %±14.32 %) and the control group (∆V=14.64 %±10.00 %) (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the trigeminal nerve volume difference between the MVD group (∆V=23.59 %±14.32 %) and the PBC group (∆V=26.52 %±15.00 %) (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Trigeminal nerve atrophy is correlated with primary trigeminal neuralgia. 3D-slicer software can quantitatively measure trigeminal nerve volume and assist in the diagnosis of primary trigeminal neuralgia based on the difference in bilateral trigeminal nerve volumes. However, trigeminal nerve atrophy is not associated with postoperative pain recurrence in patients.

Greenhouse gas monitoring instrument on the GF-5 satellite-II: on-orbit spectral calibration.

The greenhouse gas monitoring instruments were carried on the Gaofen-5-II satellite, which was launched into orbit from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center on September 7, 2021. In order to improve the on-orbit data quantification level, a calibration device based on diffuse reflector system was designed, which can realize on-orbit spectral and radiation calibration. In this paper, the principle of standard spectral line selection is given, and the characteristic spectral lines that can be used for on-orbit spectral calibration are extracted. The wavelength deviation evaluation function is established by using the method of matching the high-resolution reference spectrum after the linear function of the convolution instrument with the on-orbit calibration measurement spectrum, and finally using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm to evaluate the function. The optimization solution is the on-orbit wavelength calibration result. According to the above method, the on-orbit calibration data are processed. After calibration, the maximum deviation of the on-orbit spectral offset is changed from 0.133 to 0.009c m -1, and variations in magnitude less than 10% of the spectral resolution for C O 2 (1.57 µm) band have been detected.

Diagnostic Value of Blink Reflex Combined with Trigeminal Somatosensory Evoked Potential in Trigeminal Neuralgia.

Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of blink reflex combined with trigeminal somatosensory evoked potential (TSEP) in trigeminal neuralgia. Methods: A total of 147 patients with trigeminal neuralgia were enrolled as the research objects between February 2022 and February 2023. After admission, all underwent blink reflex on affected/healthy sides and TSEP examinations. The diagnostic value of the blink reflex combined with TSEP was analyzed. Results: The latency of R1, R2, and R2' waves (refers to the different nerve signal waveforms that are recorded when a facial nerve conduction speed test is performed) on the affected side was significantly longer than that on the healthy side (t = 26.324, 18.391, 20.801,Ps < .001), and latency of W1, W2 and W3 waves was also significantly longer than that on the healthy side (t = 16.045, 10.814, 10.349, P < .001). The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the latency of R1, W1, W2, and W3 waves was positively correlated with the VAS score (r = 0.539, 0.611, 0.577, 0.586, P < .001). The results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis showed that area under the curve (AUC) values of R1, R2, R2', W1, W2, and W3 waves latency on the affected side in the diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia were 0.753, 0.634, 0.651, 0.748, 0.756 and 0.736, respectively. The AUC of combined detection was 0.926, significantly greater than that of the single index (P < .001). Conclusion: Blink reflex combined with TSEP monitoring can improve the diagnostic value of trigeminal neuralgia, and the latency is related to pain.

Application value of calcium phosphate cement in complete cranial reconstructions of microvascular decompression craniectomies.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application value of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) in repairing cranial defects during microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery via the retrosigmoid approach. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on patients who underwent MVD. According to the two different cranial reconstruction methods, patients were divided into a titanium mesh (TM) group and a CPC group. We compared in the two groups the length of postoperative hospital stay, the incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, the number of patients with suspected postoperative intracranial infection who underwent lumbar puncture, the number of patients with a definitive etiologic diagnosis of intracranial infection, and the imaging evaluation of plastic shape satisfaction. RESULTS: Patients in the CPC group had an average hospital stay of 9.15 ± 2.00 days, shorter than that in the TM group (10.69 ± 2.86 days), P < 0.001. In the TM group, the rate of plasticity satisfaction was 70/89 (78.65%), which was significantly lower than that in the CPC group (60/66, 90.91%), P = 0.040. Among the patients with a definitive etiologic diagnosis of intracranial infection, there were eight cases in the TM group and one case in the CPC group, and the difference was statistically significant, P = 0.049. CONCLUSIONS: CPC is another viable alternative for complete cranial reconstructions of microvascular decompression craniectomies. The use of CPC does not increase the incidence of postoperative complications, such as CSF leakage and intracranial infection, and can reduce the average length of hospital stay and the incidence of etiologic diagnosis of intracranial infection. Furthermore, the evaluation of the plastic shape is satisfactory.

Enhancer-driven transcription of MCM8 by E2F4 promotes ATR pathway activation and glioma stem cell characteristics.

BACKGROUND: Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are responsible for glioma recurrence and drug resistance, yet the mechanisms underlying their maintenance remains unclear. This study aimed to identify enhancer-controlled genes involved in GSCs maintenance and elucidate the mechanisms underlying their regulation. METHODS: We analyzed RNA-seq data and H3K27ac ChIP-seq data from GSE119776 to identify differentially expressed genes and enhancers, respectively. Gene Ontology analysis was performed for functional enrichment. Transcription factors were predicted using the Toolkit for Cistrome Data Browser. Prognostic analysis and gene expression correlation was conducted using the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) data. Two GSC cell lines, GSC-A172 and GSC-U138MG, were isolated from A172 and U138MG cell lines. qRT-PCR was used to detect gene transcription levels. ChIP-qPCR was used to detect H3K27ac of enhancers, and binding of E2F4 to target gene enhancers. Western blot was used to analyze protein levels of p-ATR and γH2AX. Sphere formation, limiting dilution and cell growth assays were used to analyze GSCs growth and self-renewal. RESULTS: We found that upregulated genes in GSCs were associated with ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated-and-Rad3-related kinase (ATR) pathway activation, and that seven enhancer-controlled genes related to ATR pathway activation (LIN9, MCM8, CEP72, POLA1, DBF4, NDE1, and CDKN2C) were identified. Expression of these genes corresponded to poor prognosis in glioma patients. E2F4 was identified as a transcription factor that regulates enhancer-controlled genes related to the ATR pathway activation, with MCM8 having the highest hazard ratio among genes positively correlated with E2F4 expression. E2F4 bound to MCM8 enhancers to promote its transcription. Overexpression of MCM8 partially restored the inhibition of GSCs self-renewal, cell growth, and the ATR pathway activation caused by E2F4 knockdown. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that E2F4-mediated enhancer activation of MCM8 promotes the ATR pathway activation and GSCs characteristics. These findings offer promising targets for the development of new therapies for gliomas.

Effective Control of Postoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage by Modified Microvascular Decompression in Patients with Hemifacial Spasm.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of a modified microvascular decompression (MVD) with a traditional MVD in hemifacial spasm. Methods: A tota1 of 120 patients with hemifacial spasm who received a modified MVD (modified MVD group) and 115 patients who received a traditional MVD (traditional MVD group) from January 2013 to March 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The surgery efficiency rate, surgery time and postoperative complications in both groups were recorded and analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference between the 2 groups regarding surgery: efficiency rate (modified MVD group VS traditional MVD group: 92.50% vs 92.17%, respectively; P = .925). The intracranial surgery time and postoperative complications rate in the modified MVD group were significantly lower than in the traditional MVD group (31.00 ± 1.78 min vs 48.00 ± 1.74 min, respectively; P < .05; 8.33% vs 20.87%; P = .006, respectively). There was no statistical difference between open skull time and close skull time between the 2 groups (modified MVD group vs traditional MVD group: 38.50 ± 1.76 min vs 40.00 ± 1.78 min, respectively; P = .055; 38.50 ± 1.76 min vs 36.00 ± 1.78 min, respectively; P = .086). Conclusion: The modified MVD for hemifacial spasm can achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes and reduce intracranial surgery time and postoperative complications.

Greenhouse gases monitoring instrument on a GF-5 satellite-II: correction of spatial and frequency-dependent phase distortion.

Interference data obtained by a spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS) is subject to various error factors and suffers from complex phase distortion. Traditional phase correction methods, such as the Amplitude, Merzt, and Forman methods, extract phase distortion in the spectral domain and correct it, which cannot effectively correct spatial phase distortion. Through theoretical derivation and numerical simulation, the spatial phase distortion is firstly determined and corrected in the interference domain. The frequency-dependent phase distortion is then extracted in the spectral domain and corrected. This novel phase distortion correction method named the phase decomposition method was applied to the in-orbit interference data of Greenhouse gases Monitoring Instrument-II (GMI-II). Compared with traditional phase correction methods, the root-mean-square error of the spectrum corrected using the phase decomposition method is reduced by 81.37%.

The preoperative evaluation value of 3D-slicer program before microsurgical vascular decompression in patients with hemifacial spasm.

BACKGROUND: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of 3D fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA) combined with 3D-time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography (MRA) sequences (FTMS) and 3D-reconstuction synthesized by 3D-slicer program in evaluation the neurovascular relationships and offending vessels preoperatively in patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS). METHODS: Clinical data of HFS patients who underwent microsurgical vascular decompression (MVD) were analyzed. All patients underwent MRA scans with FTMS and 3D-reconstruction before surgery. The neurovascular relationship and offending vessels were evaluated and compared with intraoperative findings. RESULTS: Forty patients were included in this study, 18 (45%) of them were male. The mean age was 49.6 years. The Kappa identity tests identified the agreement between the FTMS and intraoperative findings in evaluating the neurovascular relationship and offending vessel was 0.263 and 0.643, respectively. The agreement between the 3D-reconstruction and intraoperative findings was 0.633 and 0.921 respectively. There was borderline significant difference between the two methods in predicting neurovascular relationship (χ2 = 9.363, P = 0.053), and there were significant differences between the two methods in predicting offending vessels (χ2 = 188.408, P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of FTMS in evaluating the neurovascular relationship were 89.7% and 100%, respectively, while those with 3D-reconstruction were both 100%. Moreover, the correct 3D- reconstruction examinations in predicting vessel and nerve relationships (r = 0.634, P = 0.034) and offending vessels (r = 0.652, P = 0.028) were significantly correlated with completely symptoms remission. CONCLUSIONS: The 3D-reconstuction synthesized by 3D-slicer program was more accurate than FTMS in preoperative evaluation of neurovascular relationship and offending vessel. The technique is expected to be helpful in preoperative evaluation. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIAL: The dataset used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Correction of invalid data based on spatial dimension information of a temporally and spatially modulated spatial heterodyne interference imaging spectrometer.

Considering the distribution characteristics of interference data of a temporally and spatially modulated spatial heterodyne interference imaging spectrometer, an algorithm based on spatial dimension baseline of interference data for the detection and correction of invalid data is proposed. The intensity ratio of the target interference data far away from the zero optical path difference has been extracted and calculated, and the intensity of the interference data is compensated; the baseline of the compensated interference data is carried out along the spatial dimension direction, and the deviation matrix is calculated, and combined with the 3σ method for the detection and correction of invalid data. A simulation experiment is carried out in the laboratory to obtain the target push-sweep imaging interference data, and the spectrum is the output spectrum of the integrating sphere halogen tungsten lamp. The experimental results show that the invalid data in the interference data (including invalid data near zero optical path difference) can be effectively identified and corrected using the invalid data detection and correction algorithm described in this paper, which has a good effect on the correction of fixed invalid data and flash pixel.

Ground observation result of an OH radical hyper-resolution spectrometer for the middle and upper atmosphere.

OH radicals in the upper and middle atmosphere are important oxidants and play an important role in atmospheric photochemistry. A hyper-resolution spectrometer based on 308 nm glow was developed for obtaining OH radical concentration data in the upper and middle atmosphere. In order to verify the performance of the OH radical hyper-resolution spectrometer, several comprehensive ground experiments were carried out in this paper. The spectrometer observes OH radicals produced by a photochemistry reactor chamber to verify the detection ability of the instrument for characteristic signals. A solar observation experiment is used to evaluate the hyper-resolution spectroscopic ability of the spectrometer and the on-orbit field-of-slice-view function. In order to evaluate the detection ability of weak atmospheric background radiation, the experimental study of solar scattering light observation was carried out. The experimental results show that the spectrometer has the characteristics of ultrahigh spectral resolution (0.0086 nm), high sensitivity, and high signal-to-noise ratio. The ground observation results are consistent with the theoretical simulation values.

Raman Spectroscopic Detection for Simulants of Chemical Warfare Agents Using a Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer.

Raman spectroscopic detection is one of the suitable methods for the detection of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and simulants. Since the 1980s, many researchers have been dedicated to the research of chemical characteristic of CWAs and simulants and instrumental improvement for their analysis and detection. The spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometer (SHRS) is a new developing instrument for Raman detection that appeared in 2011. It is already well-known that SHRS has the characteristics of high spectral resolution, a large field-of-view, and high throughput. Thus, it is inherently suitable for the analysis and detection of these toxic chemicals and simulants. The in situ and standoff detection of some typical simulants of CWAs, such as dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP), triethylphosphate (TEP), diethyl malonate (DEM), methyl salicylate (MES), 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), and malathion, were tried. The achieved results show that SHRS does have the ability of in situ analysis or standoff detection for simulants of CWAs. When the laser power was set to as low as 26 mW, the SHRS still has a signal-to-noise ratio higher than 5 in in situ detection. The standoff Raman spectra detection of CWAs simulants was realized at a distance of 11 m. The potential feasibility of standoff detection of SHRS for CWAs simulants has been proved.

Polarization sensitivity error analysis and measurement of a greenhouse gas monitoring instrument.

Greenhouse gas monitoring instruments (GMI) are spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) sensors that monitor greenhouse gases (GHG) from space. Due to several kinds of polarization-sensitive optical elements in GMIs, to some extent, the instrument becomes a polarization-sensitive sensor. Its polarization sensitivity will reduce the radiometric accuracy and spectral inversion accuracy of GHG column concentration. Theoretical radiation response models for analyzing the polarization sensitivity of a GMI, which is mainly affected by a scanning mirror beam splitter and diffraction gratings, are presented in this paper. Based on these models and the polarization performance testing, the theoretical and experimental results of the main spectral band of a GMI, covering the wavelength range of 1.568-1.583 µm for carbon dioxide (CO2) detection, have been given. The result shows that the linear polarization sensitivity is less than 0.65% and 1.32% in the nadir (45°, 0°) and in the oblique view direction (45±20°, ±31°), respectively, and that it meets the qualification requirement for an absolute radiometric calibration accuracy better than 5%. The absolute radiometric calibration accuracy directly affects the accuracy of GHG concentration retrieval.

Data processing error analysis based on Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne measurement.

The Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne (DASH) interferometer provides the capability to retrieve wind speed in the upper atmosphere. The data processing leads to a significant retrieving error with the development of wind precision. The influence of window parameters on the isolated interferogram is analyzed theoretically. Based on the derivation, the system is established, and the interferogram with a small shift is sampled. The phase and wind speed are calculated under various window types and window width values. We conclude that, by choosing the Nuttall window with a small width, the wind retrieving error can be minimized.

The Research of Flatfielding Correction Method for Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer at Systematic Level.

It can't satisfy the requirement of correction for response non-uniformity at systematic levelif only if the array detector for spatial heterodyne spectrometer is corrected. Traditional methods, such as irradiation with uniform source and column-flat-fielding, are not suitable for spatial heterodyne spectrometer. The article expounds convection arm-blocking method for spatial heterodyne spectrometer briefly at first. This method leads to kinds of mismatches including pixel and sub-pixel level shift and rotation in a single arm data after gluing gratings. The effect of registration accuracy of flatfielding coefficients has been analyzed for the experimental breadboard. The result shows that the registration accuracy of flatfielding coefficients needs to be better than 0.1 pixel for the breadboard. The shift at pixel level is calculated by solving the rotational degree by using logarithm-polar coordinate and phase correlation method for the requirement of registration. The shift at sub-pixel level is estimated with DFT based on matrix multiplication. The flow path of flatfielding method at systematic level is concluded. The integral condition of interferometer after actual gluing is modulated by adjusting the positions of gratings slightly. The flatfielding flow path is applied to the data acquired from the modulated interferometer after gluing. Then, the result is compared with the spectrum after the correction with totally matched signal arm data. The final result shows that the spectral deviation is 0.6% between the two spectra compared with the spectral deviation of 4.1% without correction. The accuracy of recovered spectrum after correction has been improved markedly. This can be the foundation for the follow data processing.

[Error Correction of Spectral Calibration for Hyper-Spectral Atmosphere CO2 Monitoring Instrument].

The detection of hyper-spectral atmosphere CO2 needs remote sensor to be characterized and calibrated precisely while spectral calibration is the most basic work. The high uncertainty of wavelength calibration coefficient is a big problem as to the traditional laboratory calibration methods. In order to solve this problem, the research of error correction of spectral calibration based on gas absorption principle is carried out. The method is in accordance with the using conditions of instrument and it improves the practicability of the calibration coefficient. First, theoretical spectrum and error components are simulated by using radiative transfer. Then, the experiment of atmosphere CO2 absorption spectrum measurement is performed based on the atmosphere environmental simulation calibration house. Last, spectral error is corrected and optimized with LM algorithm. The result of spectral calibration of error correction shows that the mean value of spectral error deviation decreases from 0.03 cm-1 before correction to 0.008 cm-1 after correction, and systematic and mutable errors are removed. The spectral calibration precision on the ground is improved significantly, which lays the foundation for the subsequent greenhouse gas retrieval.

[Data Processing Method of Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne Interferogram for Wind Measurement].

By using doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectroscopy and doppler effect, the wind speed can be achieved through detecting the interferogram of airglow in the upper atmosphere. This paper mainly analyses the data processing method of the interferogram and then derive the interferometer phase in order to get the wind speed. Comparing with the traditional spatial heterodyne spectroscopy, not only the noise and error of the system should be taken into consideration, but the window function that used to isolate the spectrum has a great influence during the data processing. Then the effect of window type and window width on phase difference of interferogram and the wind error curve are simulated through software. On basis of this the wind error curve under the noise of system and flat field factor are simulated by choosing appropriate window function. The window function simulation indicates that although the joining of window leads to a distortion of the interferogam and phase, the wind speed error can be less than 0.5% with Hanning window in the appropriate optical path difference. The noise of the system simulation indicates that the wind speed error increases with the noise, so it is necessary to control the system noise and preprocess the sampling data. The research on data processing method has great theoretical significance and practical value for designing the system parameter and improving the precision of spatial heterodyne wind detection.

[The Research of Spatial Heterodyne Raman Spectroscopy with Standoff Detection].

Spatial heterodyne Raman spectroscopy (SHRS) is a new type of Raman spectroscopic detection technique with characteristics of high optical throughout, high spectral resolution, and no moving parts. SHRS is very suitable for the planetary exploration missions, which can be used to the analysis of minerals and find the biomarkers maybe exist on the surface of planetary. The authors have applied the technique to the standoff Raman spectroscopic detection, analyzed the main characteristics, including spectral resolution, bandpass and signal to noise (SNR), of standoff SHRS and proved it through experiments. The basic theory of standoff SHRS has been described briefly while a breadboard has been designed, built and calibrated. On the basis, the Raman spectra of some inorganic solids, organic liquids and some natural minerals have been achieved at a distance of 10 m, the SNR of the breadboard has been estimated. Due to the poor adjustment and the defects of the optical elements, the breadboard is far away from an ideal system. But the results show that the SNR is better than 5 for most of the main Raman peaks of the samples, which can meet the basic requirement of clear positive detection of typical Raman peaks and the feasibility of standoff SHRS has been proved. SHRS can overcome the main defects of dispersive grating Raman spectrometers and Fourier transform Raman spectrometers and it has a great application prospect on the detection and analysis of the planetary surface. The work of the authors can prove the potentiality of SHRS on standoff detection and can provide reference for the engineering realization of standoff SHRS.

[Study on the Spectral Characteristics of the Narrow-Band Filter in SHS].

The spectral response of spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) is determined by the spectrum property of narrow-band filter. As discussed in previous studies, the symmetric heterodyned interferogram of high frequency waves modulated by SHS and lack of sample lead to spectral confusion, which is associated with the true and ghost spectra. Because of the deviation from theoretical index of narrow-band filter in the process of coating, the boarded spectral response and middle wave shift are presented, and conditions in the theoretical Littrow wavelength made the effective wavelength range of SHS reduced. According to the measured curve of filter, a new wavenumber of zero spatial frequency can be reset by tunable laser, and it is easy for SHS to improve the spectral aliasing distortion. The results show that it is utilized to the maximum extent of the effective bandwidth by adjusting the grating angle of rotation to change the Littrow wavelength of the basic frequency, and the spectral region increased to 14.9 nm from original 12.9 nm.

[Study on a new method for instrumental line shape measurement of spatial heterodyne interference spectrometer].

Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy(SHS)is a novel method for hyper-spectral analysis, and instrument line shape function is one of the basic performance parameters, which should be precisely characterized. Based on the analysis of the influence factors(apodization, limited angle, abaxial detector element) and special requirement for measuring method and source, the present paper put forward a new method for measuring with tunable monochromatic light source, and designed experimental equipment with tunable laser and integrating sphere eliminating speckle. Selecting typical spectral range within band range for high spectral resolution scanning (0. 1nm step), the energy distribution of spectrum was obtained according to error correction, spectral reconstruction and normalization. In addition, rule curve for FWHM and wavelength was obtained by the full spectral range scanning interferogram. Finally, theoretical spectrum, ILS convolution simulated spectrum (LBL calculated), and measured carbon dioxide absorption spectrum by ground-based experiment are in good agreement. The result shows that the instrument line shape function exhibits high accuracy.

Detection of honey adulteration with starch syrup by high performance liquid chromatography.

According to saccharide profile comparison between starch syrups and pure honeys analysed through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a characteristic peak was found at 15.25 min retention time in HPLC chromatogram of syrup, but no peak was observed at the same retention time in chromatogram of pure honeys. This characteristic peak for syrup was identified as an overlapping peak of oligosaccharides with more than 5 degree of polymerisation (DP) based on HPLC chromatogram comparison between starch syrup and a series of standard mono-, di- and oligosaccharides of 3-7 DP. Additionally syrup content correlated linearly with the height of the characteristic peak of syrup under different slope in two ranges 2.5-7.5% and 10-100%, respectively. Therefore, the characteristic peak at 15.25 min retention time can serve as a syrup indicator in HPLC analysis of the adulterated honeys. This new HPLC method for honey adulteration detection was further applied in an authenticity inspection on more than 100 commercial honeys. In addition to the improved accuracy of honey adulteration detection, the proposed HPLC method was simple, low cost and easy practice for honey product quality control by government department considering the popularity of HPLC device and technology.