Semi-automatic proximal humeral trabecular bone density assessment tool: technique application and clinical validation.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to apply a newly developed semi-automatic phantom-less QCT (PL-QCT) to measure proximal humerus trabecular bone density based on chest CT and verify its accuracy and precision. METHODS: Subcutaneous fat of the shoulder joint and trapezius muscle were used as calibration references for PL-QCT BMD measurement. A self-developed algorithm based on a convolution map was utilized in PL-QCT for semi-automatic BMD measurements. CT values of ROIs used in PL-QCT measurements were directly used for phantom-based quantitative computed tomography (PB-QCT) BMD assessment. The study included 376 proximal humerus for comparison between PB-QCT and PL-QCT. Two sports medicine doctors measured the proximal humerus with PB-QCT and PL-QCT without knowing each other's results. Among them, 100 proximal humerus were included in the inter-operative and intra-operative BMD measurements for evaluating the repeatability and reproducibility of PL-QCT and PB-QCT. RESULTS: A total of 188 patients with 376 shoulders were involved in this study. The consistency analysis indicated that the average bias between proximal humerus BMDs measured by PB-QCT and PL-QCT was 1.0 mg/cc (agreement range - 9.4 to 11.4; P > 0.05, no significant difference). Regression analysis between PB-QCT and PL-QCT indicated a good correlation (R-square is 0.9723). Short-term repeatability and reproducibility of proximal humerus BMDs measured by PB-QCT (CV: 5.10% and 3.41%) were slightly better than those of PL-QCT (CV: 6.17% and 5.64%). CONCLUSIONS: We evaluated the bone quality of the proximal humeral using chest CT through the semi-automatic PL-QCT system for the first time. Comparison between it and PB-QCT indicated that it could be a reliable shoulder BMD assessment tool with acceptable accuracy and precision. This study developed and verify a semi-automatic PL-QCT for assessment of proximal humeral bone density based on CT to assist in the assessment of proximal humeral osteoporosis and development of individualized treatment plans for shoulders.

Two novel alkalitolerant species Pseudalkalibacillus spartinae sp. nov. and Pseudalkalibacillus sedimenti sp. nov.

In this study, two novel alkalitolerant strains (FJAT-53046T and FJAT-53715T) were isolated from sediment samples collected in Zhangzhou, PR China. Phylogeny based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strains FJAT-53046T and FJAT-53715T were new members of the genus Pseudalkalibacillus. The two novel strains showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Pseudalkalibacillus hwajinpoensis DSM 16206T, with values of 97.4 and 97.6 %, respectively. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between the two strains and the reference strain were 77.2 and 79.6 %, 20.9 and 30.2 %, respectively, which were below the prokaryotic species delineation thresholds. The ANI and dDDH values between strains FJAT-53046T and FJAT-53715T were 86.0 and 30.2 %, respectively, suggesting that they belonged to different species in the genus Pseudalkalibacillus. The major respiratory quinone in both strains was MK-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were the major polar lipids in both novel strains. Combined with results stemming from the determination of physical and biochemical characteristics, chemical properties, and genome analysis, strains FJAT-53046T and FJAT-53715T are proposed to represent two novel species of the genus Pseudalkalibacillus, for which the names Pseudalkalibacillus spartinae sp. nov. and Pseudalkalibacillus sedimenti sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are FJAT-53046T (=GDMCC 1.3077T=JCM 35611T) and FJAT-53715T (=GDMCC 1.3076T=JCM 35610T), respectively.

Expansion of carbon source utilization range of Shewanella oneidensis for efficient azo dye wastewater treatment through co-culture with Lactobacillus plantarum.

Shewanella oneidensis has demonstrated excellent potential for azo dye decolorization and degradation. However, in anaerobic environments, S. oneidensis has a narrow carbon source spectrum, which requires additional electron donors, such as sodium lactate. This increases the practical application costs for wastewater treatment. Here, we aimed to expand the carbon source utilization range of S. oneidensis FJAT-2478 by co-culturing it with Lactobacillus plantarum FJAT-7926, leveraging their commensalism relationship to develop a metabolic chain. Results showed that a 1:2 initial ratio of L. plantarum FJAT-7926 to S. oneidensis FJAT-2478 achieved a 97.16% decolorization rate of methyl orange when glucose served as the sole carbon source. This co-culture system achieved a decolorization rate comparable to that obtained using sodium lactate as an electron donor and was significantly higher than that achieved by L. plantarum FJAT-7926 (7.88%) or S. oneidensis FJAT-2478 (6.89%) alone. After undergoing five cycles, the co-culture system continued to exhibit effective decolorization. It was demonstrated that the co-culture system could use common and inexpensive carbon sources, such as starch, molasses, sucrose, and maltose, to decolorize azo dyes. For instance, 100 mg/L methyl orange could be degraded by over 98.05% within 24 h. The results indicated that the degradation rates of methyl orange were higher when L. plantarum was inoculated first, followed by a subsequent inoculation of S. oneidensis after 2 h. The co-culturing of L. plantarum FJAT-7926 and S. oneidensis FJAT-2478 proved to be an effective strategy in treating azo dye wastewater, expanding the potential practical applications of S. oneidensis.

Improving neurological outcome for acute basilar artery occlusion with sufficient recanalization after thrombectomy by intraarterial tenecteplase (INSIST-IT): Rationale and design.

BACKGROUND: The potential benefit of intraarterial tenecteplase in acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) patients with successful reperfusion following endovascular treatment (EVT) has not been studied. AIMS: To explore the efficacy and safety of intraarterial tenecteplase in acute BAO patients with successful reperfusion after EVT. SAMPLE SIZE ESTIMATES: A maximum of 228 patients are required to test the superiority hypothesis with 80% power according to a two-side 0.05 level of significance, stratified by center. DESIGN: We will conduct a prospective, randomized, adaptive-enrichment, open-label, blinded-end point, multicenter trial. Eligible BAO patients with successful recanalization after EVT [modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) 2b-3] will be randomly assigned into the experimental and control group with a 1:1 ratio. Patients in the experimental group will receive intraarterial tenecteplase (0.2-0.3 mg/min for 20-30 min), while patients in the control group will receive routine treatment according to the usual practice of each center. Patients in both groups will receive standard guideline-based medical treatment. OUTCOME: The primary efficacy endpoint is a favorable functional outcome, defined as the modified Rankin Scale 0-3 at 90 days after randomization. The primary safety endpoint is symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, defined as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score increase ⩾4 caused by intracranial hemorrhage within 48 h after randomization. Subgroup analysis of the primary outcome will be performed by age, gender, baseline NIHSS score, baseline pc-ASPECTS, intravenous thrombolysis, time from estimated symptom onset to treatment, mTICI, blood glucose, and stroke etiology. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study will provide evidence of whether adjunct use of intraarterial tenecteplase after successful reperfusion with EVT is associated with better outcomes for acute BAO patients.

Effect of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum on solid-state fermentation of soybean meal.

BACKGROUND: As feeding probiotics, Bacillus subtilis FJAT-4842 and Lactobacillus plantarum FJAT-13737 were employed to improve the nutritional value and reduce the risk of contamination in the solid-state fermentation of soybean meal (SBM). RESULTS: After fermentation with bacterium starters, the crude protein, free amino acid and lactic acid increased, with higher protease and cellulose activity. The addition of L. plantarum could increase the crude protein and lactic acid content by 50.1% and 94.9%, respectively. After fermentation, the contents of crude fiber and phytic acid decreased by 45.9% and 48.1%. Compared with control treatment, the addition of both B. subtilis FJAT-4842 and L. plantarum FJAT-13737 could effectively elevate the production of free amino acid and esters. Moreover, the addition of bacterium starter could prevent the production of mycotoxin and promote bacterial diversity of the fermented SBM. Especially, the addition of B. subtilis could reduce the relative content of Staphylococcus. After fermentation for 7 days, lactic acid bacteria including Pediococcus, Weissella and Lactobacillus became the main bacteria in the fermented SBM. CONCLUSION: The addition of bacterium starter is of benefit with respect to improving the nutritional value and reducing the risk of contamination in the solid-state fermentation of soybean. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Rescue thrombolysis for medium vessel occlusion (RESCUE-TNK): Rationale and design of a phase 2 randomized trial.

Background: The best reperfusion strategy for medium-sized vessel occlusion (MeVO) is not well established. Given the proven treatment effect of intra-arterial thrombolysis in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO), we hypothesized that intra-arterial tenecteplase (TNK) could increase the recanalization rate of MeVO and thus improve clinical outcome. Aims: To explore the safety and efficacy of intra-arterial TNK in patients with MeVO. Sample size estimates: A maximum of 80 patients are required to test the superiority hypothesis, using power = 80% and α = 0.025 to conduct the one-sided test. Design: Rescue treatment for mEdium veSsel oCclUsion by intra-artErial TNK (RESCUE-TNK) is a pilot, randomized, open-label, blinded end point, and multicenter trial. Eligible patients including primary MeVO as detected by the first DSA examination or secondary MeVO after endovascular treatment (EVT) for LVO will be assigned into the experimental group and control group as a ratio of 1:1. The experimental group will be treated with intra-arterial TNK (0.2-0.3 mg/min, for 20-30 min) via a microcatheter placed proximal to the site of occlusion, and the control group will be treated with routine therapy. Both groups of patients will be given standard stroke care based on the guidelines. Outcome: The primary efficacy end point is successful recanalization of MeVO, defined as the expanded treatment in cerebral ischemia (eTICI) score 2b67-3 after the procedure, while the primary safety end point is symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), defined as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score increase ≥4 caused by intracranial hemorrhage within 24 (-6/+24) hours after randomization. Conclusion: The results of RESCUE-TNK will provide evidence for the efficacy and safety of intra-arterial TNK in the recanalization of patients with MeVO.

Cytobacillus citreus sp. nov., isolated from citrus rhizosphere soil.

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and motile strain, designated FJAT-49705T, was isolated from the citrus rhizosphere soil sample. Strain FJAT-49705T grew at 20-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 %). Strain FJAT-49705T showed high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to 'Bacillus dafuensis' FJAT-25496T (99.7 %) and Cytobacillus solani FJAT-18043T (98.0 %). In phylogenetic (based on 16S rRNA gene sequences) and phylogenomic trees (based on 71 bacterial single-copy genes), strain FJAT-49705T clustered with the members of the genus Cytobacillus. MK-7 was the only isoprenoid quinone present. The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 36.9 %. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between FJAT-49705T and 'B. dafuensis' FJAT-25496T and C. solani FJAT-18043T were below the cut-off level (95-96 %) recommended as the ANI criterion for interspecies identity. Based on the above results, strain FJAT-49705T represents a novel species of the genus Cytobacillus, for which the name Cytobacillus citreus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FJAT-49705T (=CCTCC AB 2019243T= LMG 31580T).

Clinical Value Evaluation of DR Corneal Suture Ring Localization and CT 3D Reconstruction Localization of Orbital Foreign Body / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical value of DR corneal suture ring localization and CT 3D reconstruction localization of orbital foreign bodies. MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed on patients （51 cases） suspected of ocular foreign bodies admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to December 2020 At the same time， DR corneal suture ring localization and CT three-dimensional reconstruction localization of orbital foreign bodies were performed， and the detection rate of foreign bodies by the two methods was calculated to analyze the location of ocular foreign bodies. ResultsThere were 38 cases of intraorbital foreign body identified by DR corneal suture ring localization method， and 46 cases of intraorbital foreign body identified by CT three-dimensional reconstruction localization method. The accuracy of CT three-dimensional reconstruction localization method was 90.20%， which was higher than that of DR corneal suture ring localization method 74.51% （P<0.05）. Intraocular foreign bodies in 23 cases could be distinguished by DR corneal suture ring localization， and 25 cases by CT 3D reconstruction localization. The maximum diameter of intraocular foreign bodies that could be distinguished by CT 3D reconstruction localization was （2.65±0.14） mm. The diameter of intraspherical foreign body was （2.94±0.36） mm （P<0.05） lower than that which could be distinguished by DR corneal suture ring localization method. The results of DR corneal suture ring localization of orbital foreign body showed no difference compared with the results of CT 3D reconstruction localization （P>0.05）. Forty cases of high density images inside and outside the eye could be clearly distinguished by CT 3D reconstruction. By using DR corneal suture ring localization method， 23 cases were confirmed to be intraocular high-density shadows， and 15 cases could not be confirmed to be intraocular high-density shadows （P < 0.05）. ConclusionsFor the location of intraorbital foreign bodies， CT three-dimensional reconstruction can be used as a conventional method for locating ocular foreign bodies with high resolution and accuracy， and can detect fine metal particles inside the eyeball. Meanwhile， for a few small foreign bodies in the iris root， ciliary body and lateral suspension ligament， it is necessary to locate orbital foreign bodies with DR corneal suture ring.

The silicon active sites driven by oxygen vacancies in iron silicate for activating peroxymonosulfate.

Most metal sites and some non-metallic sites such as carbon and nitrogen are usually considered to be traditional active sites during peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. However, as an important non-metallic element, the actual role of silicon (Si) in PMS activation still remains unclear. In this work, taking iron silicate (FeSi) as an example, the role of the Si region in PMS activation was clearly revealed. The experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculation results showed that besides the traditional Fe sites, the Si also played a non-negligible role during PMS activation. In FeSi containing oxygen vacancies (Ovac), Fe-Si was the active site instead of Fe-Fe. The Bard charge results implied that the presence of Ovac tuned the electronic properties of FeSi, making the Si participate in PMS activation. This work deepened understanding of the role of Si in silicates for PMS activation and provided a theoretical basis for the development of excellent Si-based catalysts.

Evansella halocellulosilytica sp. nov., an alkali-halotolerant and cellulose-dissolving bacterium isolated from bauxite residue.

An alkali and salt-tolerating strain FJAT-44876T was isolated from the bauxite residue sample. The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis suggest that strain FJAT-44876T was a member of the genus Evansella. It grew at 15-45 â„ƒ (optimum 20-25 â„ƒ) and pH 6.5-11.0 (optimum pH 8.0-9.0) with 0-20% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 6-8%). The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C17:0, and C16:0. The cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and MK-7 as the menaquinone. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol. The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.2%. The average nucleotide identity values between strain FJAT-44876T and closely related members were below the cutoff level for species delineation. Thus, based on the above results, strain FJAT-44876T represents a novel species of the genus Evansella, for which the name Evansella halocellulosilytica sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is FJAT-44876T (=CCTCC AB 2016264T = DSM 104633T).

Significance of interstitial fibrosis and p16 in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

We enrolled 264 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We performed immunohistochemical detection of p16 and determined the degree of interstitial fibrosis (IF). The expression of p16 was associated with pathological tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM) stage and age (p < 0.05). The cancer-specific survival (CSS) was longer in p16-negative patients (195.73 vs. 181.78 months, p = 0.007). p16 was significantly related to the degree of IF (r = 0.130, p = 0.035). PTC patients with no or mild fibrosis tended to have a larger tumor (p = 0.045). The degree of fibrosis was related to the proportion of papillary structure components (p = 0.025). Univariate and multivariate survival analyses showed that relapse-free survival (RFS) was longer in patients with moderate/severe IF (p < 0.05). In summary, p16 was correlated with prognosis and IF of PTC. Patients with moderate/severe IF tend to have better prognosis in RFS.

Neobacillus rhizophilus sp. nov. and Neobacillus citreus sp. nov., isolated from the citrus rhizosphere soil.

Two Gram-staining positive strains, FJAT-49825T and FJAT-50051T were isolated from a citrus rhizosphere soil sample. Strains FJAT-49825T and FJAT-50051T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strain of Neobacillus cucumis (98.4-98.5%). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains FJAT-49825T and FJAT-50051T was 99.8%. Strain FJAT-49825T optimally grew at 35 °C, pH 6.0 in the absence of NaCl while strain FJAT-50051T grew at 40 °C, pH 7.0 and in presence of 2% NaCl (w/v). Both strains contained meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the cell-wall diamino acid. The respiratory quinone of strains FJAT-49825T and FJAT-50051T was MK-7. The polar lipids of strain FJAT-49825T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified aminolipid and unidentified lipid whereas strain FJAT-50051T polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified phospholipid and unidentified lipid. The major fatty acids (> 10%) in both strains were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. The genomic DNA G + C content of strains FJAT-49825T and FJAT-50051T were 40.8 and 41.1%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization value between strains FJAT-49825T and FJAT-50051T and with other members of the genus Neobacillus were lower than the cut-off value (95-96/70%) for interspecies identity. Based on the results, strains FJAT-49825T and FJAT-50051T represent two novel species of the genus Neobacillus, for which the names Neobacillus rhizophilus sp. nov. and Neobacillus citreus sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are FJAT-49825T (= GDMCC 1.2592T = JCM 34834T) and FJAT-50051T (= GDMCC 1.2593T = JCM 34835T).

Lederbergia citri sp. nov., and Lederbergia citrisecundus sp. nov., isolated from citrus rhizosphere.

Two Gram-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming strains, FJAT-49780T and FJAT-49732T were isolated from a citrus rhizosphere soil sample. The optimal growth temperatures for strains FJAT-49780T and FJAT-49732T were 45 and 35-40 °C, respectively. The optimal growth pH for strains FJAT-49732T and FJAT-49780T were pH 8.0 and pH 6.0, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between FJAT-49780T and FJAT-49732T was 98.6%. Strains FJAT-49780T and FJAT-49732T shared 97.9-98.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to the type strain of Lederbergia wuyishanensis. In phylogenetic trees (based on 16S rRNA gene sequence), strains FJAT-49732T and FJAT-49780T clade with Lederbergia members. Both strains contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in their cell-wall peptidoglycan and MK-7 was the only isoprenoid quinone detected. The major fatty acids of strains FJAT-49732T and FJAT-49780T were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0. The polar lipids of strain FJAT-49780T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminophospholipid, unidentified phospholipid and unidentified lipids while strain FJAT-49732T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, unidentified aminolipid and unidentified phospholipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strains FJAT-49780T and FJAT-49732T were 37.0 and 36.7%, respectively. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between strains FJAT-49780T and FJAT-49732T and with other members of the genus Lederbergia were below the cut-off level for species delineation. Thus, based on the above results, strains FJAT-49780T and FJAT-49732T represent two novel species of the genus Lederbergia, for which the names Lederbergia citri sp. nov., and Lederbergia citrisecundus sp. nov., are proposed. The type strains are FJAT-49780T (= CCTCC AB 2019242T = LMG 31583T) and FJAT-49732T (= CCTCC AB 2019246T = LMG 31584T).

The impact of network topological structures on systematic technology adoption and carbon emission reduction.

This paper investigates how the topological structure of the technological spillover network among agents affects the adoption of a new clean technology and the reduction of system's carbon emissions. Through building a systematic technology adoption model with technological spillover effect among agents from the network perspective, this paper first illustrates how the new technology diffuses from the earlier adopters to the later adopters under different network topological structures. Further, this paper examines how the carbon emission constraints imposed on pilot agents affect the carbon emissions of other agents and the entire system under different network topological structures. Simulation results of our study suggest that, (1) different topological structures of the technological spillover network have great influence on the adoption and diffusion of a new advanced technology; (2) imposing carbon emission constraints on pilot agents can reduce carbon emissions of other agents and thereby the entire system. However, the effectiveness of the carbon emission constraints is also largely determined by the network topological structures. Our study implies that the empirical research of the network topological structure among the participating entities is a pre-requisite to evaluate the real effectiveness of a carbon emission reduction policy from the system perspective.

Histopathological Diagnosis System for Gastritis Using Deep Learning Algorithm.

Objective To develope a deep learning algorithm for pathological classification of chronic gastritis and assess its performance using whole-slide images (WSIs). Methods We retrospectively collected 1,250 gastric biopsy specimens (1,128 gastritis, 122 normal mucosa) from PLA General Hospital. The deep learning algorithm based on DeepLab v3 (ResNet-50) architecture was trained and validated using 1,008 WSIs and 100 WSIs, respectively. The diagnostic performance of the algorithm was tested on an independent test set of 142 WSIs, with the pathologists' consensus diagnosis as the gold standard. Results The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for chronic superficial gastritis (CSuG), chronic active gastritis (CAcG), and chronic atrophic gastritis (CAtG) in the test set, respectively.The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) of the algorithm for CSuG, CAcG, and CAtG were 0.882, 0.905 and 0.910, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the deep learning algorithm for the classification of CSuG, CAcG, and CAtG were 0.790 and 1.000 (accuracy 0.880), 0.985 and 0.829 (accuracy 0.901), 0.952 and 0.992 (accuracy 0.986), respectively. The overall predicted accuracy for three different types of gastritis was 0.867. By flagging the suspicious regions identified by the algorithm in WSI, a more transparent and interpretable diagnosis can be generated. Conclusion The deep learning algorithm achieved high accuracy for chronic gastritis classification using WSIs. By pre-highlighting the different gastritis regions, it might be used as an auxiliary diagnostic tool to improve the work efficiency of pathologists.

Stress response mechanisms and description of three novel species Shewanella avicenniae sp. nov., Shewanella sedimentimangrovi sp. nov. and Shewanella yunxiaonensis sp. nov., isolated from mangrove ecosystem.

Three Gram-staining negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and motile strains, FJAT-51800T, FJAT-52962T and FJAT-54481T were isolated from the sediment samples of Zhangjiang Estuary Mangrove National Nature Reserve in Fujian Province, China. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results indicated they could be novel members of the genus Shewanella. The optimum temperature for growth was 30 °C. The respiratory quinones of the strains were ubiquinone Q-7 or Q-8, and menaquinone MK-7. Polar lipids of the strains FJAT-52962T and FJAT-51800T were phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and unidentified aminophospholipids while strain FJAT-54481 consist of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified aminolipids and four unidentified lipids. The major fatty acid of the three strains was iso-C15:0. The genomic DNA G + C contents of strains FJAT-51800T, FJAT-52962T and FJAT-54481T were 48.2, 55.3 and 48.1%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains FJAT-51800T, FJAT-52962T and FJAT-54481T and other closely related Shewanella members were below the cut-off level (95-96%) for species identification. Genome analysis showed that these strains encode genes for osmo-regulation. Based on the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genome analyses, strains FJAT-51800T, FJAT-52962T and FJAT-54481T represent three novel species of the genus Shewanella, for which the names Shewanella avicenniae sp. nov., Shewanella sedimentimangrovi sp. nov., and Shewanella yunxiaonensis sp. nov., are proposed. The type strains are FJAT-51800T (= GDMCC 1.2204T = KCTC 82448T), FJAT-52962T (= MCCC 1K05496T = KCTC 82445T) and FJAT-54481T (= GDMCC 1.2348T = KCTC 82646T).

Microbial community and function in nitrogen transformation of ectopic fermentation bed system for pig manure composting.

In this work, agricultural wastes were treated by composting in an ectopic fermentation bed system (EFBS) with a continuous nitrogen addition technique. With decreasing of NH4+-N concentration and increasing of NO3--N concentration were observed, and activities of protease, urease and nitrate reductase changed significantly during the fermentation process. To elucidate the key microbes and their function in nitrogen-transforming, microbial diversity and clusters of orthologous groups (COGs) in composting materials were evaluated using metagenomic technology. Comparing with ammonification, the COGs involved in nitrification and denitrification were predominant in the composts. The correlation heatmap revealed that Streptomyces predominant in ammonification was significantly affected by contents of N, NH4+-N and NO3--N. Meanwhile, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) had a positive relationship with moisture. The most abundant genera in denitrification had positive relationships with N and NO3--N. The results indicated that EFBS had functionally diverse microbes and COGs for NH3 removal.