Associations between grain intake and hospitalized nephrolithiasis in Chinese adults: a case-control study.

Introduction: nephrolithiasis is one of the most common urological disorders. Grains are essential staple foods worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the associations between whole grains and refined grains intake, and hospitalized nephrolithiasis in a Chinese population. Methods: the patients and healthy participants were enrolled in the Shenyang sub-cohort of Tianjin Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Health Cohort Study. After selecting and matching by age (±one year) and sex using a 1 : 2 ratio, a total of 666 participants (222 patients and 444 healthy controls) were included. Whole grains and refined grains intake was measured using a validated self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between whole grains and refined grains intake with hospitalized nephrolithiasis. Results: after multivariable adjustments, a higher intake of whole grains was inversely associated with hospitalized nephrolithiasis. Compared to participants with the lowest tertile of whole grains intake, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of hospitalized nephrolithiasis for participants in the highest tertile was 0.58 (0.26, 0.81) (P for trend = 0.020). In contrast, a higher intake of refined grains was positively associated with nephrolithiasis. Compared to participants with the lowest tertile of refined grains intake, the adjusted OR (95% CI) of hospitalized nephrolithiasis for participants in the highest tertile was 3.75 (1.48, 9.52) (P for trend = 0.006). The results were consistent in both genders. Conclusion: the consumption of whole grains was found to be negatively associated with hospitalized nephrolithiasis, while the consumption of refined grains was positively associated with hospitalized nephrolithiasis. Therefore, a substitution of whole grains for refined grains consumption may assist in hospitalized nephrolithiasis prevention.

Association between tea intake and hospitalized nephrolithiasis in Chinese adults: A case-control study.

Introduction and aim: Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common urological disorders worldwide. Tea is one of the most popular drinks worldwide. This study aimed to explore the association between tea intake and hospitalized nephrolithiasis in Chinese adults. Methods: The patients and healthy participants were from the Shenyang sub-cohort of Tianjin Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Health Cohort Study. After selecting and matching by age (±1 year) and sex using the 1:2 ratio, 834 participants were included in this study. Of these, 278 patients had hospitalized nephrolithiasis and 556 were healthy controls. The tea intake was assessed using a validated self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between tea intake and hospitalized nephrolithiasis. Results: After adjustment, a higher frequency of tea intake was found to be negatively associated with the risk of hospitalized nephrolithiasis. Compared with participants who never drank tea, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) [OR (95% CI)] for participants who drank ≥1 cup (180 mL) of tea per day was 0.418 (0.192-0.911) (P for trend = 0.013). Moreover, the adjusted OR (95% CI) for participants who drank ≥1 cup of green tea and black tea per day was 0.189 (0.069-0.520) (P for trend <0.001) and 1.248 (0.437-3.559) (P for trend = 0.654), respectively. Conclusions: Increased tea intake was found to be associated with a lower risk of hospitalized nephrolithiasis among Chinese adults. This finding may assist in the prevention of hospitalized nephrolithiasis.

CD8+ T Cell Co-Expressed Genes Correlate With Clinical Phenotype and Microenvironments of Urothelial Cancer.

PURPOSE: To identify immune-related co-expressed genes that promote CD8+ T cell infiltration in bladder cancer, and to explore the interactions among relevant genes in the tumor microenvironment. METHOD: We obtained bladder cancer gene matrix and clinical information data from TCGA, GSE32894 and GSE48075. The "estimate" package was used to calculate tumor purity and immune score. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to assess CD8+ T cell proportions. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to identify the co-expression modules with CD8+ T cell proportions and bladder tumor purity. Subsequently, we performed correlation analysis among angiogenesis factors, angiogenesis inhibitors, immune inflammatory responses, and CD8+ T cell related genes in tumor microenvironment. RESULTS: A CD8+ T cell related co-expression network was identified. Eight co-expressed genes (PSMB8, PSMB9, PSMB10, PSME2, TAP1, IRF1, FBOX6, ETV7) were identified as CD8+ T cell-related genes that promoted infiltration of CD8+ T cells, and were enriched in the MHC class I tumor antigen presentation process. The proteins level encoded by these genes (PSMB10, PSMB9, PSMB8, TAP1, IRF1, and FBXO6) were lower in the high clinical grade patients, which suggested the clinical phenotype correlation both in mRNA and protein levels. These factors negatively correlated with angiogenesis factors and positively correlated with angiogenesis inhibitors. PD-1 and PD-L1 positively correlated with these genes which suggested PD-1 expression level positively correlated with the biological process composed by these co-expression genes. In the high expression group of these genes, inflammation and immune response were more intense, and the tumor purity was lower, suggesting that these genes were immune protective factors that improved the prognosis in patients with bladder cancer. CONCLUSION: These co-expressed genes promote high levels of infiltration of CD8+ T cells in an immunoproteasome process involved in MHC class I molecules. The mechanism might provide new pathways for treatment of patients who are insensitive to PD-1 immunotherapy due to low degrees of CD8+ T cell infiltration.

Three-gene risk model in papillary renal cell carcinoma: a robust likelihood-based survival analysis.

BACKGROUND: Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) accounts for 15% of all renal cell carcinomas. The molecular mechanisms of renal papillary cell carcinoma remain unclear, and treatments for advanced disease are limited. RESULT: We built the computing model as follows: Risk score = 1.806 * TPX2 - 0.355 * TXNRD2 - 0.805 * SLC6A20. The 3-year AUC of overall survival was 0.917 in the training set (147 PRCC samples) and 0.760 in the test set (142 PRCC samples). Based on the robust model, M2 macrophages showed positive correlation with risk score, while M1 macrophages were the opposite. PRCC patients with low risk score showed higher tumor mutation burden. TPX2 is a risk factor, and co-expression factors were enriched in cell proliferation and cancer-related pathways. Finally, the proliferation and invasion of PRCC cell line were decreased in the TPX2 reduced group, and the differential expression was identified. TPX2 is a potential risk biomarker which involved in cell proliferation in PRCC. CONCLUSION: We conducted a study to develop a three gene model for predicting prognosis in patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma. Our findings may provide candidate biomarkers for prognosis that have important implications for understanding the therapeutic targets of papillary renal cell carcinoma. METHOD: Gene expression matrix and clinical data were obtained from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas), GSE26574, GSE2048, and GSE7023. Prognostic factors were identified using "survival" and "rbsurv" packages, and a risk score was constructed using Multivariate Cox regression analysis. The co-expression networks of the factors in model were constructed using the "WGCNA" package. The co-expression genes of factors were enriched and displayed the biological process. Based on this robust risk model, immune cells infiltration proportions and tumor mutation burdens were compared between risk groups. Subsequently, using the PRCC cell line, the role of TPX2 was determined by Cell proliferation assay, 5-Ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine assay and Transwell assay.