Management of chronic dacryocystitis cases after failed external dacryocystorhinostomy using endoscopic technique with a novel lacrimal ostium stent.

AIM: To demonstrate the outcomes of endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (En-DCR) with an novel lacrimal ostium stent (LOS) which was performed in patients with recurrent epiphora after failed external dacryocystorhinostomy (Ex-DCR) and analyze the causes of failed Ex-DCR. METHODS: From September 2015 and December 2017, the clinic data of 29 cases suffered from recurrent epiphora after failed Ex-DCR was reviewed. The LOS were implanted into the ostium at the end of the revisional surgery. The causes of failed Ex-DCR were analyzed before revisional surgeries. Outcome of revisional surgeries with the new device were evaluated as well. RESULTS: The major causes of failure of the external approach were synechiae formation in the nasal ostium (29/29), followed by inadequate removal of the bony wall (21/29), nasal synechiae formation between lateral wall of nose and middle turbinate (11/29), and the bone opening was not in good location (7/29). The rate of success after revisional surgery was 82.76%. Re-obstruction of the ostiums were found in 5 failed cases. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic approach with a novel LOS may be an effective procedure to manage recurrent epiphora after previous failed Ex-DCR surgery. Synechiae formation in the nasal ostium and inadequate removal of the bony wall were the major causes of failure of Ex-DCR.

Endoscopic transnasal canaliculorhinostomy for refractory common canalicular obstruction with an unidentifiable lacrimal sac.

AIM: To describe the role of endoscopic transnasal canaliculorhinostomy (ETC) in refractory common canalicular obstruction (CCO) associated with an absent or unidentifiable lacrimal sac. METHODS: The records of patients with refractory CCO who underwent ETC at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from October 2007 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients (56 eyes) with refractory CCO were recruited into the study. Eight patients were excluded due to the presence of a residual lacrimal sac or failure to complete the follow-up duration. The anatomic and functional success rates were both 85.4% (41/48) at a mean follow-up of 18.6mo. Five cases failed as a result of ostial synechia and two failed because of ostial obstruction by granulation. Postoperative complications included mild nasal bleeding in 5 cases, dried nasal feeling in 8 cases, and olfactory dysfunction in 4 cases. CONCLUSION: Although being surgically challenging, ETC has comparable findings to its external approach counterpart or conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy (CDCR) with Jones tube. And it may prove to be a novel alternate surgical technique for patients with refractory CCO without identifiable lacrimal sac.

The effect of hinge location on corneal sensation and dry eye after LASIK: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the possible effect of hinge location on corneal sensation and dry eye syndrome after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register to identify potentially relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of comparing the effects of horizontal-hinge flaps and vertical-hinge flaps on corneal sensation and dry eye after LASIK. Meta-analyses were performed for corneal sensation, tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer's I test and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) at 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Eight RCTs (657 eyes) investigating the effects of hinge location on the corneal sensation and dry eye syndrome after LASIK were identified. The results showed that the horizontal-hinge group causes less loss of sensation than the vertical-hinge group, and the difference was significant at 3-month postoperative (p = 0.01). The TBUT value was significantly larger and a lower percentage of patients with CFS in the horizontal-hinge group than in the vertical-hinge group at 1-month postoperative (p = 0.007 and p = 0.01, respectively) and 3-month (p = 0.03 and p = 0.009, respectively); Schirmer's I test values were also higher in the horizontal-hinge group, but the difference did not reach statistically significance at each postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: According to the available data, we suggest that hinge location may have some effect on corneal sensation and dry eye syndrome after LASIK at the early postoperative period. However, there was no significant difference between the groups at 6 months after surgery. Further well-organized, prospective, randomized studies involving more patients are warranted.

A meta-analysis of primary external dacryocystorhinostomy with and without mitomycin C.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of local application of intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC) at the osteotomy site in primary external dacryocystorhinostomy (EX-DCR). METHODS: A comprehensive literature search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed and Embase was undertaken to identify relevant trials comparing EX-DCR with MMC (MMC group, from 0.2-1.0 mg/mL) and without MMC (control group). A total of nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected and a meta-analysis performed on the results of success rates, which were defined as patency of the nasolacrimal canal and symptomatic improvement. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0 software. RESULTS: Nine RCTs reporting on a total of 562 DCRs including patients in the age range 30-57 years were included in the meta-analysis. However, the total number of males and females could not be determined as only four RCTs reported on this aspect. There was a significantly higher success rate in the MMC group in comparison with the control group (odds ratio, OR, 2.11; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.19-3.74, P = 0. 01). In two RCTs, the mean osteotomy size 6 months postoperatively was significantly larger in the MMC group than in the control group (about 27mm(2) in the MMC group versus about 12mm(2) in the control group in the first study, and about 22mm(2) in the MMC group versus about 18mm(2) in the control group in the second study, P < 0.005). No intraoperative or postoperative complications except two cases with delayed healing of the external skin wound were recorded in the MMC group. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative MMC application seems to be a safe adjuvant that could reduce the closure rate of the osteotomy site after primary EX-DCR. Further well-organized, prospective, randomized studies involving larger patient numbers divided into subgroups for different concentrations of locally applied MMC are warranted.

Biaxial microincision cataract surgery versus conventional coaxial cataract surgery: metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials.

UNLABELLED: A comprehensive literature search of Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase was performed to identify relevant prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing biaxial microincision cataract surgery (MICS) and conventional coaxial phacoemulsification. A metaanalysis was performed on the following outcome measures: effective phacoemulsification time (EPT), phacoemulsification power (%), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), surgically induced astigmatism (SIA), laser flare photometry value, percentage of endothelial cell loss, change in central corneal thickness (CCT), and complications. Eleven RCTs describing a total of 1064 eyes were identified. There were no significant differences between the techniques in CDVA, mean percentage of endothelial cell loss, laser flare photometry value, CCT change, and intraoperative and postoperative complications. However, EPT was statistically significantly shorter and the mean phaco power was statistically significantly lower in the biaxial group than in the coaxial group, and biaxial MICS induced less SIA. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

Effects of myxoma virus on gliomas of rats models in vivo / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the in vivo effects of myxoma virus (MV) on gliomas of rat model. Methods C6 glioma cells were implanted into the frontal lobe of SD rats using stereotactic methods to establish animal models of glioma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>C6 glioma cells were implanted into the frontal lobe of SD rats using stereotactic methods to establish animal models of glioma. Models were divided into 4 groups randomly after tumor growth was affirmed, and MV, 5-FU, MV + 5-FU, and denatured myxoma virus (DV) were implanted into the tumors using stereotactic methods, bodyweight, tumor size, expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Akt of each model were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The gliomas in all SD rats were established successfully. And tumor growth in MV, 5-FU, MV + 5-FU were significantly decreased as compared with DV group after injection, sizes of some tumors were lessened, and GFAP expression decreased in MV, 5-FU and MV +5-FU groups. The expression of PI3k, Akt and mTOR were decreased in MV and MV +5-FU groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>C6 glioma SD rat models could be established successfully using stereotactic methods. MV may enhance biological activity of chemotherapeutic drugs on tumor cells of animal models in vivo by regulating some genes of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signal pathway.</p>

Study in the killing effect of Myxoma virus to C6 glioma cell in vitro / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the susceptibility of C6 glioma cells to Myxoma virus and the killing effect of Myxoma virus to the C6 glioma cells in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>C6 glioma cells were infected with myxoma virus, used death virus as the negative control, 5-FU as the positive control, DEMD as blank control. The number of living cells were counted every 24 h, and Western-Blot method, inverted microscope and MTT assay were applicated to observe the cell morphology and survival rate in each group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cell number were decreased rapidly in virus effected group and 5-FU group, with significant differences to the negative and blank control groups. And cells in virus effected group appeared cytopathic effect.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>C6 glioma cells were susceptible to myxoma virus and myxoma virus had killing effect to C6 glioma cells in vitro.</p>