Genetic analysis and location of gene for resistance to stripe rust in wheat international differential host Strubes Dickkopf.

Strubes Dickkopf is the sixth differential in the world set for wheat stripe (yellow) rust. It is very important to clarify its genetic character of resistance to stripe rust and to develop the molecular markers linked to resistance genes. The NIL Taichung 29*6/Strubes Dickkopf, which was obtained by Strubes Dickkopf as the gene donor and Taichung 29 as the genetic background through backcross breeding, was crossed with the recurrent parent Taichung 29, inbred, and backcrossed to obtain the F1, F2 and BC1 population. The genetic analysis of the cross Taichung 29/(Taichung 29*6/Strubes Dickkopf) was assessed by inoculating the rust race CYR26 at seedling stage. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and F2 segregation analysis were used for detecting polymorphic primers to locate the gene. The resistance of the NIL Taichung 29*6/Strubes Dickkopf to CYR26 was controlled by a single dominant gene, named YrSD. The primer pair Xbarc59 on 5B was linked to YrSD and the genetic distance between Xbarc59 and YrSD was 2.4 cM. The molecular marker Xbarc59 closely linked to the gene YrSD could be used in marker-assisted selection for resistance to stripe rust in wheat breeding programmes.

[Complication of laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy: an analysis of 23 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To explore complications of laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy in patients with cervical and endometrial carcinoma, and its prevention. METHODS: From July 2000 to December 2004 at our institution, a total of 278 laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy procedures were performed in 242 patients with cervical carcinoma and 36 patients with endometrial carcinoma. We reviewed the clinical data of patients who underwent laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy to check their complications and other factors related to this open surgical procedure. RESULTS: All but 4 surgical procedures were completed laparoscopically. Paraaortic lymphadenectomy was performed in 108 patients and pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed in all of 278 patients. Major and minor intraoperative complications occurred in 4.7% (13/278) of patients. The overall conversion rate was 1.4% (4/278), consisting of 3 emergency and 1 elective conversions. Vascular injuries occurred in 7 patients, five of them were repaired or treated laparoscopically and one left external iliac vein injury required laparotomy, another patient underwent laparotomy to control bleeding. Operative cystotomies occurred in 4 patients and all were repaired laparoscopically. One patient underwent laparotomy because of hypercapnia. Another patient underwent laparotomy because of ascending colon injury. Postoperative surgery complications occurred in 3.6% (10/278) of patients. Three patients had a ureterovaginal fistula and three patients had a vesicovaginal fistula after the operation that required reoperation. There was one patient with ureterostenosis while three patients with urinary retention. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy in combination with lymphadenectomy is becoming a routine procedure in the armamentarium of many gynecologists. Complications that are unique to laparoscopy exist but they decrease with more practice and experience.

[Role of radical vaginal trachelectomy and laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy in treating early cervical carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility and effect of radical vaginal trachelectomy and laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy in treating women with early cervical cancers who desired to maintain fertility. METHODS: From August 2001 through May 2003, we performed vaginal radical trachelectomy with laparoscopic lymphadenectomy on 12 patients with biopsy-proven early stage cervical carcinomas. Subjects were selected for this treatment on the basis of favorable cervical tumors and a desire to maintain fertility. Pelvic lymphadenectomies were performed in all patients. Vaginal radical trachelectomy was performed immediately if lymph nodes were negative. RESULTS: Twelve women underwent this procedure. The median age was 27.6 years (range 24 - 31 years); 10 were nulligravid and 2 were multipara. Mean operative time was 142 min (115 - 178 min), with a mean blood loss of 180 ml (120 - 230 ml), and an average hospital stay of 6.7 days. There was no intra- or post-operative complication. With an average follow-up of 21.5 months, there have been no recurrences. One woman has become pregnant. CONCLUSIONS: Radical vaginal trachelectomy with laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy permits preservation of fertility in selected patients. It is mini-invasive, and needs shorter recovery time.

[Regulation of epidermal growth factor, thyrotropin releasing hormone and dexamethasone on the expression of fetal lung SP mRNAs in rabbits].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF), thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and dexamethasone (Dex) on the expression of surfactant protein (SP)-A, SP-B and SP-C mRNA in fetal rabbit lungs. METHODS: Sixty-four Japanese white pregnant rabbits, put into four different groups (16 rabbits each), were given EGF (EGF group), TRH (TRH group), Dex (Dex group) or normal saline (control group) intravenously from gestational day 22(nd) (5 rabbits in each group) or 24(th) (11 rabbits in each group) for three days before killing. The levels of SP-A, SP-B and SP-C mRNAs in the fetal rabbit lungs were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Southern blotting. RESULTS: In the 27(th) gestational day, SP-B mRNA levels in the fetal rabbit lungs in all treated groups were found significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In the 25(th) day, there had a higher expression of SP-A and SP-C mRNAs in the fetal lungs in all groups, but SP-B mRNA could be tested only in the Dex group. SP-B mRNA level was lower than that of SP-A mRNA and SP-C mRNA in the same fetal lungs in the 27(th) gestationed day. CONCLUSION: The time of detectable SP-B mRNA in rabbit fetal lungs appeared later than that of the SP-A and SP-C mRNAs. The expression of SP-B mRNA is lower in comparison with those of SP-A mRNA and SP-C mRNA in the same samples. Prenatal maternal treatment with intravenously Dex, EGF and TRH could increase the expression of SP-B mRNA in fetal rabbit lungs, and the effect of Dex may be more significant at earlier stage of gestation.

[Clinical evaluation of laparoscopic radical hysterectomy with pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy in patients with cervical cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effective, results and complications in patients with cervical cancer who consented to undergo laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. METHODS: In 57 consecutive patients with stage Ia to IIb cervical cancer, laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy were performed. Forty-eight patients had squamous cell carcinomas, 7 patients had adenocarcinomas, and 2 patients had adenosquamous carcinomas of the cervix. RESULTS: All but 2 surgical procedures were completed laparoscopically. The average operative time was 186 min (150 - 320 min). The average blood loss was 168 ml (120 - 700 ml). Average numbers of pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes removed were 18.6 (12 - 23) and 8.2 (6 - 12), respectively. Eight patients (14.0%) had positive lymph nodes. All surgical margins were macroscopically negative. Operative cystotomies occurred in 2 patients and one patient with venous injuries were repaired laparoscopically. Two other patients underwent laparotomy to control bleeding or repair ascending colon. After surgery, patients passed gas in 2.3 days and self-voided in 10.2 days on average. Follow-up has been provided every 3 months. There have been 3 cases of recurrences, one patient uncontrolled, and one patient ureteral constriction. Three patients have retention of urine. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy can be successfully completed in patients with cervical cancer with acceptable operation complications, a less injury and recovery time, and may become preferred for treating early cervical cancer.