Morroniside alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress in inflammatory bowel disease by inhibiting NLRP3 and NF-l=kB signaling pathways

Objective To investigate the effects of morroniside on inflammatory and oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cell model. Methods NCM460 cells were treated with 2-, 5-, or 10-μg/mL LPS for 24 h to develop an IBD cell model. MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) colorimetric assay was performed to uncover the role of morroniside on the viability of LPS-treated NCM460 cells. Flow cytometry and immunoblot assays were performed to confirm the effects of morroniside on the apoptosis of LPS-treated NCM460 cells. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assays were performed to confirm the effects of morroniside on inflammatory and oxidative stress by measuring the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, IL-6, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, and myeloperoxidase. In addition, immunoblot and immunofluorescence assays were performed to detect the effects of morroniside on NLRP3 and NF-κB pathways. Results Monosine attenuated LPS-induced injury of NCM460 cells. Monosine reduced LPS-induced inflammation in NCM460 cells. In addition, morroniside reduced LPS-induced oxidative stress in NCM460 cells. Mechanically, morroniside suppressed NLRP3 and NF-κB pathways, and alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress in IBD. Conclusion Morroniside could serve as a promising drug for treating IBD (AU)

Clinicopathological analysis of perivascular epithelioid cell tumor of the head and neck / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features, treatment and prognosis of perivascular epithelioid cell tumor ( PEComa) of the head and neck. Methods Two cases of PEComa were analyzed by studying clinical data, histopathologic and immu-nohistochemical ( EnVision) changes and the related literatures were reviewed. Results Case 1 was a 26-year-old woman with a re-current larynx tumor, and case 2 was diagnosed in a 56-year-old man with a left nasal cavity mass. Their tumors were well-demarcated, and ranged from 2. 5 to 3. 5 cm in diameter. Microscopically, the tumors were composed of epithelioid cells arranged in nets, organoid pattern. The tumor cells had abundant pale eosinophilic granular to clear cytoplasm, vesicular nuclei, and mild atypia. The stroma was rich in capillaries, sinusoidal vasculature. There was mitotic activity and focal necrosis. By immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells were diffusely or focally positive for vimentin (2/2), HMB-45(1/2), Melan-A(2/2), SMA(2/2), Calponin(2/2), desmin(1/2), and TFE3(1/2). They were negative for CK, CD10, S-100, CgA, Syn, and MyoD1. Conclusion PEComa of the head and neck is rare. Definite diagnosis depends upon the comprehensive analysis of histopathology and coexpression of melanocytic and myoid mark-ers. The differential diagnosis include paraganglioma, malignant melanoma and metastatic carcinoma. Few PEComas of the head and neck behaved in an aggressive fashion with distant or loco-regional metastases and died of disease-related causes, it should be regarded as tumors with a malignant potential.

Resection of the nerves bundle from the sphenopalatine ganglia tend to increase the infarction volume following middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Blocking or impairment of the sphenopalatine ganglia (SPG) is an effective therapy of cluster headache and other pain syndromes. Contrarily, unilateral SPG-stimulation reduces infarction size in the rat permanent suture model. Well, what are the effects of the SPG damage on the following brain ischemia? This study was aimed to investigate the effects of resection of the nerves bundle from the SPG of rat on the brain lesions following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and evaluated the roles of the nitric oxygen synthase (NOS) immunoreactive perivascular nerves of cerebral arteries in MCAO. We found that 7 days after bilateral resections of the nerves bundle from the SPG, the NOS activity perivascular nerves in the middle cerebral arteries disappeared, and the infarction volume and the TUNEL positive cells increased significantly after 24 h MCAO, which implicated that the NOS contained nerves from the SPG maybe have an important role in the MCAO.