RESUMO
Refractive-index (phase-contrast) radiology was able to detect lung tumors less than 1 mm in live mice. Significant micromorphology differences were observed in the microradiographs between normal, inflamed, and lung cancer tissues. This was made possible by the high phase contrast and by the fast image taking that reduces the motion blur. The detection of cancer and inflammation areas by phase contrast microradiology and microtomography was validated by bioluminescence and histopathological analysis. The smallest tumor detected is less than 1 mm(3) with accuracy better than 1 × 10(-3) mm(3). This level of performance is currently suitable for animal studies, while further developments are required for clinical application.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Animais , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Colágeno/química , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Glioma/diagnóstico por imagem , Glioma/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Radiografia , Ratos , Padrões de Referência , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de FourierRESUMO
UNLABELLED: We conducted a matched case-control study of hip fracture in older adults. Our findings suggest that hip fracture risk was determined by multiple factors. Older women characterized by low consumption of milk, peak flow rate, grip strength, and bone mineral density (BMD) had increased risk of hip fracture. Older men with impaired cognitive function and low BMD were also at higher risk of hip fracture. INTRODUCTION: Multiple factors contribute to low-trauma hip fracture in older adults. The aim of this study was to determine important characteristics of hip fracture in older population. METHODS: A total of 228 patients with first low-trauma hip fracture were matched with 497 controls. All 77 potential risk factors of hip fracture organized into 13 groups were analyzed using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Low milk intake, peak flow rate, hand grip strength, and bone mineral density in women and low mini-mental state examination score and bone mineral density in men were further identified to be independently associated with elevated hip fracture risk. CONCLUSIONS: The factors found in our study may help understand the etiology of hip fracture and be further adopted to evaluate the risk of hip fracture in community and clinical setting.
Assuntos
Fraturas do Quadril/etiologia , Fraturas por Osteoporose/etiologia , Absorciometria de Fóton , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Antropometria , Densidade Óssea/fisiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/complicações , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Força da Mão/fisiologia , Fraturas do Quadril/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Leite/estatística & dados numéricos , Fraturas por Osteoporose/fisiopatologia , Pico do Fluxo Expiratório/fisiologia , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
A total of 19 patients with lung cancer were recognized as unresectable or not curatively resectable at thoracotomy due to pleural dissemination during the period from January 1984 to March 1989. The computed tomography films of these cases were reviewed retrospectively to search for clues of early detection of pleural dissemination in order to avoid unnecessary exploration. The findings of the pleura in these 19 patients included: fine pleural nodules in 12 cases, pleural thickening in 11, pleural surface irregularity in 10, direct pleural attachment of the tumor in 8, pleural retraction by the tumor in 7, pleural effusion in 5, and chest wall invasion in 5. In this series, 15 out of the 19 cases had at least one of the following three findings: pleural thickening, pleural surface irregularity or pleural nodules. These pleural changes on a chest CT should raise the suspicion of pleural dissemination. An additional diagnostic procedure to establish diagnosis before exploration is suggested.
