Prostate ductal adenocarcinoma exhibiting a late recurrence in the anterior urethra 13 years post-total prostatectomy: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Prostate ductal adenocarcinoma, a rare histology observed in 0.4-0.8% of all prostate cancers, is treated similarly to acinar adenocarcinoma but tends to have a higher likelihood of metastasis, recurrence, and poorer prognosis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 73-year-old Asian-Japanese male presented with gross hematuria, with investigations revealing a prostate ductal adenocarcinoma. Subsequent radical prostatectomy indicated a Gleason score of 8 with no lymph node metastasis. Despite initial prostate-specific antigen level reductions post-prostatectomy and salvage radiation therapy due to recurring elevated prostate-specific antigen levels, no recurrence was evident until 13 years later. A tumor in the anterior urethra was identified as metastasis of his prostate ductal adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION: This report presents an uncommon case of prostate ductal adenocarcinoma exhibiting a late recurrence in the anterior urethra 13 years post-radical prostatectomy.

The modified Belt-Fuqua procedure using an asymmetric "furisode" sleeve for proximal hypospadias with severe curvature.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Proximal hypospadias repair is a challenge in the pediatric urology field. Although the previous reports showed that the Belt-Fuqua staged procedure is reliable with a low complication rate for midshaft hypospadias, this procedure has not been generally applied to more proximal hypospadias with severe ventral curvature due to technical limitations. To solve these technical limitations, we developed a modified Belt-Fuqua procedure using an asymmetric long skin sleeve looking like a Japanese long-sleeved Kimono called a "furisode". The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of this new modification of the Belt-Fuqua procedure for the repair of proximal hypospadias with severe curvature in children. STUDY DESIGN: The study retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with proximal hypospadias with severe curvature underwent this new technique. The major modifications included are proximal degloving beyond the urethral meatus, asymmetrical ventral transposition of dorsal preputial skin like a furisode sleeve, and circumferential proximal anastomosis of preputial skin to native meatus in the first stage. Hypospadias severity was evaluated objectively in two ways: preoperatively by the Glans-Urethral Meatus-Shaft score and intraoperative direct measurement of ventral curvature. The primary outcome was urethroplasty complications. RESULTS: A total of 66 patients completed both stages of the furisode technique. The median Glans-Urethral Meatus-Shaft score was 11. Overall, 60 (91%) patients showed ventral curvature greater than 60 degrees after degloving, and 35 (53%) underwent ventral grafting with a dermal graft in the first stage. Median urethral length constructed at the second stage was 41.5 mm. The median follow-up period was 25 months. Complications occurred in 9 patients (14%); 7 had urethral diverticula, 1 showed a fistula and 1 had a urethral stricture. Neither glans dehiscence nor meatal stenosis occurred. DISCUSSION: There are a couple of advantages of this furisode technique to other tunneled flap techniques like the Ulaanbaatar procedure. The first is the ease of glans reshaping with a Firlit collar at the first stage because of no urethra in the glans. The second is that a long neourethra could be made by the same skin flap with one anastomosis to the native urethra.The weakness of this procedure was that urethral diverticula were prone to occur less than one year after urethroplasty. CONCLUSION: The furisode technique, a new modification of the Belt-Fuqua procedure, provides an alternative staged repair of proximal hypospadias. This technique was easily applied for hypospadias with severe curvature requiring ventral grafting.

Spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage with dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate elevation in a patient with suspected adrenal cortical carcinoma.

INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage is a relatively rare disease that is sometimes difficult to differentiate from adrenal cortical carcinoma. We herein report a case of spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage with dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate elevation. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was a 78-year-old man with an adrenal tumor that had increased in size to 42 mm. With the exception of an elevated dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate level (2281 ng/mL), the results of a hormone analysis were almost normal. Laparoscopic adrenal tumor resection was performed. The pathological diagnosis was adrenal hematoma. CONCLUSION: We reported a case of spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage in a patient with dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate elevation.

Retroperitoneal Castleman's Disease.

Castleman's disease was first reported in 1954 by Castleman et al. and identified as an uncommon lymphoproliferative disorder. In most cases, Castleman's diseases are detected in the chest, head, and neck. A 71-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to a retroperitoneal tumor in the para-aortic area by computed tomography (CT). Positron emission tomography-CT revealed an uptake in this tumor, suggesting malignant diseases. Laparoscopic tumorectomy was performed, and the pathological diagnosis was Castleman's disease, hyaline vascular type. No evidence of recurrence was observed 20 months after surgery. We herein report a rare case of retroperitoneal Castleman's disease.

IgG4-Producing MALT Lymphoma in the Renal Hilum.

IgG4-related disease is diagnosed when both the elevation of the serum IgG4 level and invasion of IgG4-positive interstitial cells and sclerosis to a tumor are noted. Some cases have demonstrated malignant disease. In the head and neck lesion in particular, IgG4-producing mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma has arisen during the treatment of IgG4-related disease. We herein report the first case of IgG4-producing MALT lymphoma during the treatment of IgG4-related disease in the renal hilum. A 79-year-old man was being followed for autoimmune pancreatitis and IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis. During follow-up, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography detected a mass in the renal hilum, so he was referred to our department for a further examination. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography detected a standard uptake of 9.7, and the tumor size was gradually increasing. Due to these findings, laparoscopic nephro-ureterectomy was performed. A pathological examination revealed IgG4-producing marginal zone B cell lymphoma. We herein report a rare case of IgG4-producing B cell lymphoma in the renal hilum.

Adrenal Hemangioma: A Case of Retroperitoneal Tumor.

INTRODUCTION: Adrenal hemangioma is a rare disease, with only some 60 cases reported previously. Due to the difficulty of the preoperative diagnosis of adrenal hemangioma, almost all of the cases were diagnosed by a histopathological analysis of surgical specimens. CASE PRESENTATION: A 52-year-old man was referred to our department for further examination of his left retroperitoneal tumor. He had received hemodialysis due to chronic renal failure resulting from membranous nephropathy. Computed tomography revealed a mass around his left hilum. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron-emission tomography (PET)-CT were unable to confirm or deny malignancy, and tumor markers, including CEA and CA19-9, showed slight elevation. His tumor grew from 38 mm to 54 mm in diameter in 7 months of follow-up. We therefore planned retroperitoneal tumor resection with left nephrectomy. Histopathologically, hyperplastic small vessels with hemorrhaging and denaturation were seen. The endothelial cells showed no variants or division of the nucleus. Based on this diagnosis, no further therapy was performed. He has had no recurrence in the eight months since the surgery. CONCLUSION: We herein report a rare case of adrenal hemangioma.

Lenalidomide decreased the PSA level for castration-resistant prostate cancer: a case report.

Lenalidomide has been developed as the derivative of thalidomide that has fewer side effects. We herein report a rare case of castration-resistant prostate cancer successfully maintained using lenalidomide for multiple myeloma.

Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis with Incomplete Double Ureter.

INTRODUCTION: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a type of chronic renal inflammation that usually occurs in immunocompromised middle-aged women with chronic urinary tract infection or ureteral obstruction induced by the formation of ureteral stones. XGP with an incomplete double ureter is extremely rare. CASE PRESENTATION: A 76-year-old woman was referred to our department to undergo further examination for a left renal tumor that was detected by ultrasonography. Dynamic contrast computed tomography (CT) revealed an enhanced tumor in the upper renal parenchyma. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was performed based on a preoperative diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. Histological sections showed the aggregation of foam cells; thus, XGP was diagnosed. CONCLUSION: We herein report a rare case of XGP in the upper pole of the kidney, which might have been associated with an incomplete double ureter.

A low psoas muscle volume correlates with a longer hospitalization after radical cystectomy.

BACKGROUND: Recently, sarcopenia has been reported as a new predictor for patient outcomes or likelihood of post-operative complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of the psoas muscle volume with the length of hospitalization among patients undergoing radical cystectomy. METHODS: A total of 63 (80.8%) male patients and 15 (19.2%) female patients who underwent radical cystectomy for their bladder cancer in our institution from 2000 to 2015 were analyzed. The psoas muscle index (PMI) was calculated by normalizing the psoas muscle area calculated using axial computed tomography at the level of the umbilicus (cm2) by the square of the body height (m2). Longer hospitalization was defined as hospitalization exceeding 30 days after surgery. RESULTS: The median PMIs (mean ± standard deviation) were 391 (394 ± 92.1) and 271 (278 ± 92.6) cm2/m2 in men and women, respectively. Thus, the PMIs of male patients were significantly larger than those of females (p < 0.001). Based on the differences in gender, we analyzed 63 male patients for a further analysis. In male patients, those hospitalized longer showed a significantly smaller PMI than those normally discharged (377 ± 93.1 vs. 425 ± 83.4; p = 0.04). Similarly, male patients with a small PMI (<400) had a significantly worse overall survival (p = 0.02) than those with a large PMI (≥400). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of sarcopenia was found to be associated with significantly longer hospitalization after radical cystectomy in male patients. Furthermore, in men, a PMI <400 may suggest a significantly worse prognosis.

Port site recurrence after laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Due to the recent development of laparoscopic devices, laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is the standard procedure for localized renal cell carcinoma. However, some studies have reported postoperative port site metastasis in several cancers. CASE PRESENTATION: A 68-year-old Asian-Japanese man was referred to our hospital for a further examination of his right renal tumor in 2009. Due to a clinical suspicion of renal cell carcinoma, laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed. The histopathological diagnosis was clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Follow-up computed tomography revealed a mass between the internal oblique muscle of his abdomen and the transverse muscle of his abdomen in 2014. The tumor size gradually increased, and positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed the accumulation of fludeoxyglucose in that tumor with maximum standardized uptake value of 2.7. Based on these findings, port site recurrence was suspected, and tumor resection was performed in 2017. The pathological diagnosis was metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Here we report a rare case of port site metastasis that was successfully treated 7 years after laparoscopic nephrectomy.

Onco-testicular sperm extraction (onco-TESE) for bilateral testicular tumors: two case reports.

BACKGROUND: Most patients with testicular cancer are infertile; thus, the preservation of the sperm after surgery is an important factor to consider. We report two cases of bilateral testicular cancer in patients who underwent bilateral higher orchiectomy and simultaneous testicular sperm extraction. CASE PRESENTATION: Two Asian-Japanese men were referred to our hospital with bilateral testicular tumors. Both of the patients were preoperatively diagnosed with azoospermia and requested testicular sperm extraction at the time of higher orchiectomy. In one patient, sperm was successfully harvested and then frozen. In the other patient, sperm could not be retrieved from the patient's testis. In both patients, the pathological diagnosis was seminoma. Testicular tumors often occur in patients of reproductive age. The preservation of sperm before chemotherapy or bilateral orchiectomy is necessary for patients with testicular tumors who wish to be fathers. CONCLUSIONS: Onco-testicular sperm extraction might be an option for patients with testicular cancer and azoospermia or severe oligospermia.

Foreign body in the bladder: A case report.

Foreign bodies are occasionally reported in the bladder. In most cases, the foreign body is removed via the transurethral approach. A 57-year-old male patient was referred to our hospital to undergo the retrieval of a foreign body from his bladder. However, the foreign body had become severely calcified and could not be removed transurethrally. Thus, an open bladder wall incision was necessary to remove it. We herein report a case of a foreign body in the bladder that had become calcified and which was successfully removed using a higher bladder incision approach. A careful preoperative examination should be performed to detect the characteristics of the foreign body and avoid the risk of bladder wall perforation.

Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate: A Case Report.

Ductal adenocarcinoma is an unusual variant of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. A 73-year-old male was referred to our hospital for the further examination of an elevated prostate-specific antigen level of 23.4 ng/mL. Radical prostatectomy (RP) was performed based on the diagnosis obtained by a prostate needle biopsy. The RP specimen revealed ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate with positive capsular penetration. We herein report a rare case of ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate.