Estimation of haemodynamic changes in varicocele testis and results after microsurgical sub-inguinal varicocelectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Varicocele is among the most frequently encountered, surgically correctable causes of male infertility. Since varicocele is a primary abnormality of testicular vessels, a thorough understanding of haemodynamic changes in the microcirculation of varicocele testis is needed. OBJECTIVES: To estimate changes in the microcirculation of varicocele testis and correlate them with symptomatic and semen parameters changes before and after varicocelectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective, observational study includes 47 patients of age group 18-40 years who underwent microsurgical varicocelectomy during June 2016 to April 2018 at a tertiary medical institute. Testicular haemodynamic was evaluated using a colour spectral doppler study (PSV-Peak systolic velocity/ESV-End diastolic velocity/RI-Resistive index/PI-Pulsatility index). Semen analysis parameters and testicular blood flow were compared with pre-operative values. RESULTS: RI in the capsular artery of varicocele affected testis, which was 0.61 ± 0.11 (mean ± SD), significantly reduced to 0.56 ± 0.09 (mean ± SD) in post-operative follow-up, indicating improved perfusion. Pre-operative sperm density was noted to be 15.94 ± 7.88 (mean ± SD), which improved to 28.41 ± 10.99, Progressive sperm motility from 33.81 ± 10.88 to 38.32 ± 9.21 and morphology from 36.13 ± 10.68 to 41.43 ± 9.29 on 6-month follow-ups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Varicocele testis is associated with altered testicular haemodynamic, which insults spermatogenesis. Microsurgical varicocelectomy with testicular artery and lymphatic preservation leads to correction of this altered haemodynamic state and improves the testicular microcirculation.

Penile fracture: Institutional experience of 14 cases.

BACKGROUND: Penile fracture due to various causes is urological emergency condition, which can be diagnosed on history and clinical examination of the patient. Appropriate management in each case prevents patients from future physical and psychological consequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen patients were included in the study. The study was carried out at Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, India, between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019. All patients were evaluated by history and clinical examination and radiographic investigation in suspected urethral injury. RESULTS: Fourteen patients with penile fracture, between 20 and 50 years, were in the study. The most common mechanism of injury was abnormal positional coital activity. About 85.71% of patients were diagnosed with a history and clinical examination. Ninety-three percent of patients were treated surgically and had a successful outcome. One patient had associated urethral injury. All patients had good sexual function posttreatment except one who later recovered well on medical management. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis and treatment of patients with penile fracture depend on the history and clinical examination with less role of radiological investigations. The appropriate treatment gives a good outcome.

Study of modified technique of ileal neobladder-Frog neobladder.

PURPOSE: Orthotopic neobladder is a well-established technique for continent urinary diversion after radical cystectomy. In this study, we evaluated a new Frog ileal neobladder technique. Since the reconstructed neobladder appears like a frog, the name Frog Neobladder was given to it. We have used two isoperistaltic ileal segments and implanted ureters in the nondetubularized proximal end of the ileal segment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, single-center (tertiary care hospital) study conducted from February 2008 to January 2018. Study patients were aged 39-94 years with biopsy-proven muscle-invasive localized bladder carcinoma. One hundred and twenty patients were included in the study, who had undergone Radical Cystectomy and were offered "FROG BLADDER"- a type of neobladder. Evaluation of complications, renal function, urodynamic parameters, post-void residual urine (PVR), continence, and need for clean intermittent catheterization was done in all patients with neobladder. RESULTS: A total of 120 patients were included in the study, the average age of the patients was 62 years. The operative mean time was 280 ± 29.8 min. There was no perioperative death, and perioperative or early and late complication rates were 31.2% and 18.7%, respectively. Six patients had uretero-enteric anastomosis stricture, of which two were managed by retrograde ureteroscopic dilatation, another three strictures were treated with antegrade approach, and one patient underwent open surgery. All patients were able to void urine, except for three patients who required self-catheterization. The mean capacity was increased to average of 398 ± 220 ml at 12 months in all patients. The mean PVR at 1 year was 46 ± 54.4 ml. CONCLUSION: The Frog neobladder has similar outcome similar to other neobladder technique, with added advantage of ability to accommodate shorter ureteric length and the ease of accessing ureter by retrograde approach for intervention.

Modification of microsurgical longitudinal intussusception technique of vaso-epididymal anastomosis: A single-center experience.

PURPOSE: Microsurgical intussusception vasoepididymostomy (VE) is well-established treatment option for obstructive azoospermia due to epididymal obstruction. In this study, we evaluated patency rates and complications of our modified longitudinal intussusception technique of microsurgical VE. We have modified the intussusception technique by taking only adventitia of epididymal tubule. METHODS: This was a prospective, single-center (tertiary care center) study conducted from February 2008 to January 2016. Study patients were men aged more than 18 years with infertility due to azoospermia. All participants underwent microscopic VE with our modified intussusception technique. Patency rates, complications, and improvement in semen quality were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 42 patients were included in the study and underwent unilateral VE using longitudinal intussusceptions technique. The mean age of the patients was 30.21 years. Of these 42 patients, 40 patients had congenital obstruction. Average operative time was 130.42 min. A total of 36 (85.7%) patients had motile sperms in the epididymal fluid. Patency at 3 months was observed in 25 (62.5%) patients with an average sperm count of 17.1 million/mL. Only two patients (5%) had hemotoma at the site of surgery. CONCLUSION: Our modified technique of microsurgical longitudinal intussusception VE using epididymal adventitial stitch showed a reasonable patency rate after surgery.