Development of the new microsatellite markers of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Korea.

BACKGROUND: Lucilia sericata is a medical and veterinary important insect species because its larvae feed on tissues of vertebrates including humans. Very few microsatellite makers have been reported from the species to illuminate its genetic variability and population genetic structure. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, L. sericata samples were collected from four different localities in Korea to develop the microsatellite markers to provide basic information on the genetic variability and population genetic structure in Korea of this species. In total, ten new microsatellite markers were sequenced and analyzed. Genetic diversity was performed using these microsatellite markers. The observed heterozygosity varied from 0.205 to 0.824, with an average of 0.546. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.579 to 0.886, with an average of 0.804. PIC value varied from 0.553 to 0.876. CONCLUSIONS: The markers developed in the present study are expected as informative for estimating genetic diversity of L. sericata.

Aptasensor for multiplex detection of antibiotics based on FRET strategy combined with aptamer/graphene oxide complex.

The development of a multiplexed sensing platform is necessary for highly selective, sensitive, and rapid screening of specific antibiotics. In this study, we designed a novel multiplex aptasensor for antibiotics by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) strategy using DNase I-assisted cyclic enzymatic signal amplification (CESA) method combined with aptamer/graphene oxide complex. The aptamers specific for sulfadimethoxine, kanamycin, and ampicillin were conjugated with Cyanine 3 (Cy3), 6-Carboxyfluorescein (FAM), and Cyanine 5 (Cy5), respectively, and graphene oxide (GO) was adopted to quench the fluorescence of the three different fluorophores with the efficiencies of 94.36%, 93.94%, and 96.97% for Cy3, FAM, and Cy5, respectively. CESA method was used for sensitive detection, resulting in a 2.1-fold increased signal compared to those of unamplified method. The aptasensor rapidly detected antibiotics in solution with limit of detection of 1.997, 2.664, and 2.337 ng/mL for sulfadimethoxine, kanamycin, and ampicillin, respectively. In addition, antibiotics dissolved in milk were efficiently detected with similar sensitivities. Multiplexed detection test proved that the fluorescently modified aptamers could work separately from each other. The results indicate that the aptasensor offers high specificity for each antibiotic and enables simultaneous and multicolor sensing for rapid screening of multiple antibiotics at the same time.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Triceratopyga calliphoroides (Rohdendorf, 1931) (Insecta: Diptera: Calliphoridae).

Triceratopyga calliphoroides is a blowfly species which is the only member of the genus Triceratopyga. Because of their forensic importance, we sequenced the complete mitogenome of the T. calliphoroides and analyzed phylogenetic relationships. According to data, it has the longest mitogenome in the family with 16,529 bp in length. In the phylogenetic tree, T. calliphoroides were positioned in the subfamily Calliphorinae, and the closest species is Caliphora vomitoria. This is the first complete mitogenome record for the species.

The complete mitochondrial genome of a blowfly Calliphora nigribarbis (Vollenhoven, 1863) (Insecta: Diptera: Calliphoridae).

In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genome of a blowfly Calliphora nigribarbis has been sequenced and analyzed. The length of complete the mitochondrial genome is 16,279 bp, with 39.50% A, 13.20% C, 9.30% G, and 38.0% T nucleotide distribution. The complete mitochondrial genome consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and 2 ribosomal RNAs likewise the most metazoan mitochondrial genomes. Furthermore, phylogenetic relationships of C. nigribarbis in the subfamily Calliphorinae investigated. The results suggested that C. vomitoria is the most related species to C. nigribarbis and the genus Calliphora is not monophyletic. This study provides the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence for the species.

Sequencing and analyzing complete mitochondrial DNA of Muscina angustifrons (Insecta, Diptera, Muscidae).

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequenced and analyzed from a fly, Muscina angustifrons which collected from South Korea. The size of mitochondrial genome is 16,316 bp with 40.9% A, 12.3% C, 8.4% G and 38.4% T distribution. Furthermore, phylogenetic relationships of the superfamily Muscoidea evaluated due to mitochondrial protein coding genes. The results showed that the family Muscidae is a paraphyletic group and the closest species to M. angustifrons is M. levida. This is the third complete mitochondrial genome for the genus Muscina and the first genus record from South Korea.

Complete mitochondrial DNA analysis of Hydrotaea ignava (Insecta, Diptera, Muscidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome sequenced and analyzed from a black garbage fly, Hydrotaea ignava which is critically important species for forensic investigations. The size of mitochondrial genome is 17,026 bp with 40.8% A, 11.2% C, 8.2% G and 39.8% T distribution. This is the longest within complete mitochondrial genome records of the Muscidae species. The mitochondrial genome is composed of 13 protein coding, two ribosomal RNA and 22 tRNA genes and a putative control region. Furthermore, phylogenetic relationships of the superfamily Muscoidea evaluated due to mitochondrial protein coding genes. The results showed that the H. ignava placed in the paraphyletic Muscidae family and early diverged from a clade including Muscidae, Anthomyiidae and Scathophagidae species. This is the first complete mitochondrial genome for the genus Hydrotaea.

Complete mitogenome and phylogenetic analysis of hide beetle Dermestes maculatus (Insecta, Coleoptera, Dermestidae).

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of hide beetle Dermestes maculatus which was collected from Seoul, South Korea was sequenced by next-generation sequencing. The size of mitochondrial genome is 17,026 bp that composed of 13 protein coding, two ribosomal RNA and 22 tRNA genes which has the identical gene orientation with the other Bostrichiformia species. Additionally, the phylogenetic tree of the D. maculatus in the infraorder Bostrichiformia was reconstructed by using 13 protein-coding genes of complete mitochondrial genome. The results showed that the family Dermestidae is positioned in the infraorder Bostrichiformia early branched than family Bostrichidae. This study provides the first complete mitochondrial genome from the genus Dermestes.