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1.
Mult Scler Relat Disord ; 68: 104244, 2022 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36544311

RESUMO

The transmission route of the John Cunningham virus (JCV) is not clearly understood. The high prevalence of JCV in urine and sewage and the stability of the viral particles observed suggest that contaminated water, food, and fomites could be the vehicles of JCV transmission through the oral route. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients treated with Natalizumab are at risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), and hence, JCV serology is monitored for risk stratification. Social restrictions introduced in 2020 which intended to limit the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 are associated with decreased rates of other communicable diseases, as has been shown in recent observational studies. We evaluated the prevalence of seroconversion prior to and during the coronavirus disease (COVID -19) pandemic based on clinical records of JCV serology status in a single-center cohort of Natalizumab-treated Multiple Sclerosis patients. We hypothesized that seroconversion rates would decrease due to behavioral changes. However, seroconversion rates were stable during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic. These findings support the notion that JCV is transmitted via the GI tract rather than the respiratory system.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Vírus JC , Leucoencefalopatia Multifocal Progressiva , Esclerose Múltipla , Humanos , Natalizumab/uso terapêutico , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Pandemias , Soroconversão , Anticorpos Antivirais , COVID-19/complicações , SARS-CoV-2 , Esclerose Múltipla/tratamento farmacológico , Esclerose Múltipla/epidemiologia , Esclerose Múltipla/complicações
2.
Mult Scler Relat Disord ; 56: 103220, 2021 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34455137

RESUMO

The prognostic value of oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients is controversial. While several studies have demonstrated a worse disease course in OCB positive patients, others did not reproduce these findings. We evaluated the prognostic significance of OCB retrospectively based on clinical records of OCB status upon diagnosis and severity outcomes including the MS Severity Score, Progression Index and regional involvement in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. OCB positive patients had a higher median MSSS and PI, and a greater proportion of spinal cord involvement. These findings provide further evidence of the prognostic importance of OCB in MS patients.


Assuntos
Esclerose Múltipla , Bandas Oligoclonais , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Esclerose Múltipla/diagnóstico por imagem , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos
3.
Cereb Cortex ; 25(10): 3629-39, 2015 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25246512

RESUMO

Dopamine is implicated in multiple functions, including motor execution, action learning for hedonically salient outcomes, maintenance, and switching of behavioral response set. Here, we used a novel within-subject psychopharmacological and combined functional neuroimaging paradigm, investigating the interaction between hedonic salience, dopamine, and response set shifting, distinct from effects on action learning or motor execution. We asked whether behavioral performance in response set shifting depends on the hedonic salience of reversal cues, by presenting these as null (neutral) or salient (monetary loss) outcomes. We observed marked effects of reversal cue salience on set-switching, with more efficient reversals following salient loss outcomes. L-Dopa degraded this discrimination, leading to inappropriate perseveration. Generic activation in thalamus, insula, and striatum preceded response set switches, with an opposite pattern in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). However, the behavioral effect of hedonic salience was reflected in differential vmPFC deactivation following salient relative to null reversal cues. l-Dopa reversed this pattern in vmPFC, suggesting that its behavioral effects are due to disruption of the stability and switching of firing patterns in prefrontal cortex. Our findings provide a potential neurobiological explanation for paradoxical phenomena, including maintenance of behavioral set despite negative outcomes, seen in impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease.


Assuntos
Atenção/fisiologia , Dopamina/fisiologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiologia , Reversão de Aprendizagem/fisiologia , Adulto , Atenção/efeitos dos fármacos , Mapeamento Encefálico , Corpo Estriado/efeitos dos fármacos , Corpo Estriado/fisiologia , Sinais (Psicologia) , Dopaminérgicos/farmacologia , Humanos , Levodopa/farmacologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Córtex Pré-Frontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Tálamo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tálamo/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem
4.
J Hum Hypertens ; 19(1): 83-4, 2005 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15372065

RESUMO

We have investigated the financial costs of attempts to optimise blood pressure control in patients referred to our blood pressure clinic. At first referral, the average blood pressure in the 262 patients studied were 167/97 mmHg and the monthly costs of the antihypertensive drugs was 23.44 pounds. After 1 year of clinic attendance, the blood pressure was reduced to 149/87 mmHg, and the average drug costs had risen to 30.68 pounds. For drug expenditure alone, the cost of reducing systolic blood pressure by 1 mmHg was 0.36p pounds (Euro 0.55, USD 0.55) and for diastolic blood pressure the cost-was 0.72p pounds (Euro 1.12, USD 1.13).


Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/economia , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Custos de Medicamentos , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/economia , Ambulatório Hospitalar/economia , Anti-Hipertensivos/administração & dosagem , Análise Custo-Benefício , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Reino Unido
5.
Appl Opt ; 6(10): 1683-6, 1967 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20062288

RESUMO

A potassium rf electrodeless discharge is described which, when placed in a kilogauss magnetic field, emits intense and well resolved Zeeman components of the resonance lines at 7665 A and 7699 A. The lamp is particularly suitable for studies of atomic fluorescence using Zeeman scanning techniques.

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