[SERRATED COLORECTAL ADENOCARCINOMA].

THE AIM: To present a clinical case of serrated colon adenocarcinoma. To demonstrate morphological and genetic features of these tumors and to determine their clinical management. KEY POINTS: Described case shows diagnostics of serrated colon adenocarcinoma. A 67-year-old woman presented for colonoscopy because of long constipation besides abdominal pain and distention have appeared recently. Colonoscopy was performed and she was found to have a 3.0 x 3.0-cm tumor next to hepatic flexure and pedunculated 1.2x0.7 cm polyp in sigmoid colon (type lp according to Paris classification). Endoscopic biopsies of these lesions were consistent with serrated adenocarcinoma and tubulovillous adenoma with foci of severe dysplasia. Additional diagnostic methods revealed no distant metastases. Patient was under went right hemicolectomy with D3 lymphodissection, lesion in sigmoid colon was removed using snare with electrocautery. Final pathology revealed no residual tissue in margins and no malignant cells in removed lymph nodes. Genetic diagnostics by PCR found high level of microsatellite instability and positive CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP+) in tumor tissue. CONCLUSIONS: According to WHO classification serrated lesion are considered to have malignant potential. They serve as the precursors for approximately 10% to 15% of sporadic colorectal cancer developed through the serrated pathway. These tumors were named serrated adenocarcinoma and had special morphological criteria that allow us to differentiate them with colorectal adenocarcinomas developed through the traditional pathway. Serrated adenocarcinoma has high level of microsatellite instability and positive CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP+). Presence of microsatellite instability in tumor determines its more favorable prognosis because of tumor immunogenicity. Besides this type of cancer is more often responding to therapy with fluoropyrimidines.

[Endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas].

In this article presented results of examination and treatment of 30 patients with suspected neuroendocrine tumors (NEO) of the pancreas during the period from 2007 to 2010. In the 22 cases were identified solitary pancreatic tumor, and 4 observations--multiple. Functioning NEO were detected in 19 observations, dysfunctional--7. The main objective of endosonography was a differential diagnosis of NEO with adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis, as well as the topical diagnosis of small tumors that are inaccessible by other imaging beam method. Among the 27 patients operated on NEO confirmed in 26. In 1 case was revealed adenocarcinoma. Endosonography in NEO-functioning method of diagnosis is a priority, having the highest sensitivity, specificity and accuracy among all modern radiological methods of diagnosis.