RESUMO
Clinical efficacy of intravenous gentamicin in combination with oral use of gentamicin, ristomycin and nystatin was studied in 1977. In 1980-1984 two antiinfectious regimens were tested: intravenous administration of gentamicin in combination with total decontamination (oral use of gentamicin and nystatin) and selective decontamination (biseptol with nystatin of amphoglucamine). It was shown that the incidence of severe infections in the patients under the observation dropped against the controls. The incidence and spectrum of infectious complications in cases with acute myelodepressions were proved to depend on the intestinal autoflora inhibition.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/prevenção & controle , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Intestinos/microbiologia , Leucemia/tratamento farmacológico , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/complicações , Infecções Oportunistas/prevenção & controle , Esterilização/métodos , Doença Aguda , Administração Oral , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Injeções Intravenosas , Intestinos/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucemia/complicações , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
Gas chromatography was used to identify D-arabinitol over time (5-6 times on the average) in the blood serum of 24 patients with fever of unclear etiology. The patients were in a state of cytostatic and/or cytostatic and radiation cytopenia. In 20 donors, D-arabinitol was identified once. In the majority of the donors, that indicator did not exceed 1 microgram/ml, amounting on the average to 0.7 +/- 0.3. In patients with invasive candidiasis, the concentration of D-arabinitol surpassed 1 microgram/ml, reaching 4.0-5.5 micrograms/ml in some patients. In patients colonized with Candida, that indicator also exceeded 1 microgram/ml, not reaching, however, such high values as those seen in invasive candidiasis. Identification of the D-arabinitol level reflects the total activity of the fungi of the Candida genus contaminating the patients' mucous membranes at the moment of investigation irrespective of the process site, whereas monitoring allows one to follow tendencies of that activity and to correct therapy.
Assuntos
Candidíase/sangue , Pancitopenia/sangue , Álcoois Açúcares/sangue , Candidíase/diagnóstico , Portador Sadio/sangue , Portador Sadio/diagnóstico , Cromatografia Gasosa , Febre de Causa Desconhecida/sangue , Febre de Causa Desconhecida/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Monitorização Fisiológica , Pancitopenia/complicaçõesRESUMO
One hundred and fifteen patients with acute radiation disease of degrees I to IV affected during the accident at the Chernobyl APS were treated in a specialized hospital. The anti-infection regimen included isolation, air sterilization with ultraviolet light, intravenous administration of broad spectrum of antibiotics (gentamicin, cephalosporins and carbenicillin) and nystatin. Some cases were treated with amphotericin. Some cases were treated with amphotericin B. Out of 22 patients who died at the early periods (days 14 to 34) or at the period of agranulocytosis in 7 patients sepsis was stated. In 5 of them it was complicated by pneumonia. In 5 patients who died at the late periods (days 48 to 99) or at the period of hemopoiesis normalization infectious complications by the death moment were stated: sepsis in 3 patients and pneumonia in 2 patients. The aspect of the microbiological diagnosis and therapy efficacy is discussed.
Assuntos
Acidentes , Antibacterianos , Quimioterapia Combinada/uso terapêutico , Reatores Nucleares , Lesões por Radiação/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , UcrâniaRESUMO
A total of 50 patients, who had suffered from acute radiation sickness (I-III degree of severity) as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, were followed up for hematological changes. The absorbed dose of relatively even gamma-irradiation assessed by karyometry fluctuated from 0.5 to 5.7 Gy. In 17 of the patients the influence of lithium carbonate on the course of radiation neutropenia was evaluated. No appreciable effect of the agent administration in a dose of 900 mg/patient/day was recorder from 9 to 42 day after irradiation. The authors have also considered the correlations of the values of irradiation doses calculated by varying methods of biological dosimetry.
Assuntos
Agranulocitose/tratamento farmacológico , Hematopoese/efeitos dos fármacos , Lítio/uso terapêutico , Neutropenia/tratamento farmacológico , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Lesões por Radiação/sangue , Acidentes , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Hematopoese/efeitos da radiação , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Contagem de Leucócitos/efeitos da radiação , Carbonato de Lítio , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neutropenia/etiologia , Neutrófilos/efeitos da radiação , Reatores Nucleares , Centrais Elétricas , Estimulação Química , UcrâniaAssuntos
Transplante de Medula Óssea , Leucemia Mieloide/radioterapia , Leucemia/radioterapia , Irradiação Corporal Total/métodos , Doença Aguda , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , Raios gama/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Cooperação do Paciente , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Irradiação Corporal Total/efeitos adversosAssuntos
Leucemia/radioterapia , Irradiação Corporal Total , Doença Aguda , Animais , Transplante de Medula Óssea , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Quimioterapia Combinada , Raios gama/efeitos adversos , Raios gama/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Leucemia/mortalidade , Leucemia Experimental/radioterapia , Leucemia Linfoide/radioterapia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologia , Lesões por Radiação/etiologia , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Fatores de Tempo , Irradiação Corporal Total/efeitos adversos , Irradiação Corporal Total/métodosAssuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Bacterianas/prevenção & controle , Gentamicinas/administração & dosagem , Leucemia/complicações , Isolamento de Pacientes , Doença Aguda , Administração Oral , Adulto , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Daunorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções Intravenosas , Leucemia/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Neutropenia/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
Patients with myelotoxic agranulocytosis were treated with gentamicin administered intravenously as drop-wise infusions in a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight a day every 8 hours. The treatment course consisted of 7--24 days. No toxic reactions were observed. The therapeutic efficacy of gentamicin depended on the neutrophilic level and amounted to 50--60 per cent when the drug was used without identification of the causative agent. The prophylactic use of gentamicin decreased the infection incidence in patients with myelotoxic agranulocytosis, while the prophylactic efficacy of gentamicin was evident only when the number of the granulocytes was higher than 100/mm3 of the blood.