[Problems of causality in forensic medical examinations on «medical cases¼]. / Problemy prichinnosti v sudebno-meditsinskikh ekspertizakh po «vrachebnym delam¼.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the results of the forensic medical examinations on «medical cases¼ in terms of establishing cause-and-effect relationships. The main groups of problems of establishing cause-and-effect relationships are highlighted, namely: who should establish it; whether it is worth establishing the presence or absence of a direct connection or it is possible to judge about indirect and other causal relationships, whether it is possible to establish a direct causal relationship of inaction with the outcome. Possible ways of solving the indicated problems are shown.

[Correlation of the results of forensic examinations with court decisions on claims against medical organizations]. / Sootnesenie rezul'tatov vypolneniya sudebno-meditsinskikh ekspertiz s resheniyami sudov po iskam k meditsinskim organizatsiyam.

The aim of study is to compare the results of forensic examinations on the materials of civil cases on claims of citizens against medical organizations with the decisions of the courts in this category of cases. It is shown, that the results of the performed forensic examinations are fundamental in the court's decision to refuse or satisfy the claim of a citizen, which imposes a great responsibility on the experts.

[Possibility of determine taser's models by morfological features of the skin injuries]. / Vozmozhnosti ustanovleniya modelei elektroshokovykh ustroistv po morfologicheskim priznakam povrezhdenii kozhi.

The aim of study is to identify morfological signs of the skin damage, formed by electric discharge of different models of tasers, and therefore to determine construction features characterizing taser's models, as well as to detect the conditions of traumatization. As a result of experiment it was revealed that various morphological skin damages are caused by difference in the configuration of taser's terminal elements. It gives reason for an objective conclusion about stun gun's specific model.

[Application of immunohistochemical study for the verification of diffuse axonal injury and determination of cause-and-effect relationships]. / Primenenie immunogistokhimicheskogo issledovaniia dlia verifikatsii diffuznogo aksonal'nogo povrezhdeniia i ustanovleniia prichinno-sledstvennykh sviazei.

Aim of this study is to establish a possibility of finding morphologic signs of diffuse axonal injury early after the injury. Use of immunohistochemical examination of the brain to detect protein ß-APP made it possible not only to diagnose this condition correctly, but also to reasonably and categorically answer the question of a causal relationship between causing damage and the onset of death.

[The logical analysis of the notion of 'medical error']. / Logicheskii analiz poniatiia 'meditsinskaia oshibka'.

The objective of the present study was the logical analysis of the notions of 'medical error' and 'doctor's error' based on the consideration of the statutory and regulatory enactments published in the available literature. This article continues a series of thematic reports by the author concerning the application of the logical laws for the purpose of both the practical work of forensic medical experts and the use of specific notions in the expert conclusions, normative legal acts, scientific works of the experts and the lawyers.

[The topical problems of expert mistakes and evaluation of the quality of forensic medical expertises based on the analysis of the reports published in the journal 'Sudebno-meditsinskaya ekspertiza' (Forensic Medical Expertise) during the period from 1958 till 2015]. / Aktual'nye voprosy ékspertnykh oshibok i otsenki kachestva vypolneniia sudebno-meditsinskikh ékspertiz po materialam publikatsii v zhurnale 'Sudebno-meditsinskaia ékspertiza' za period s 1958 po 2015 g.

The objective of the present study was the thematic analysis of the reports published in the journal 'Sudebno-meditsinskaya ekspertiza' (Forensic Medical Expertise) during the period from 1958 till 2015 that contain the authors' characteristics of the mistakes made in connection with the performance of various forms of forensic medical expertise with special reference to their quality and time schedules. A total of 268 issues of the journal were looked through from which 25 articles were selected dealing with the analysis of expert mistakes. The present work continues the series of publications having the objectives to elucidate logical errors encountered in expert conclusions, text-books, guidelines, and other methodological materials concerning forensic medical expertise for the purpose of their further in-depth investigation.

[The reliable and plausible conclusions in the decisions of the forensic medical experts].

The authors characterize in brief the conclusions drawn by the forensic medical experts in the course of their professional activities with special reference to their reliability and plausibility. The most common errors creeping into the conclusions are discussed together with the approaches to their prevention and/or correction. This article continues a series of publications of the same authors concerning the main logical errors encountered in the conclusions of the forensic medical experts. The results of a deeper analysis of such errors will be published elsewhere.

[Classifications in forensic medicine and their logical basis].

The objective of the present study was to characterize the main requirements for the correct construction of classifications used in forensic medicine, with special reference to the errors that occur in the relevant text-books, guidelines, and manuals and the ways to avoid them. This publication continues the series of thematic articles of the authors devoted to the logical errors in the expert conclusions. The preparation of further publications is underway to report the results of the in-depth analysis of the logical errors encountered in expert conclusions, text-books, guidelines, and manuals.

[Organization of the expert work of specialists from Perm regional Forensic Medical Bureau after the fire in the "Khromaia loshad'" club].

The paper summarizes the positive experience with the organization and optimization of coordinated activities of different divisions of the Perm regional Forensic Medical Bureau during the fire in the Khromaya loshad' (Lame horse) club in December 2009. The work of the Bureau personnel exemplifies adequate actions of specialists in a mass casualty incident with practically simultaneous admission of a large number of corpses. Despite lack of time, the staff of the Bureau managed to opportunely and effectively accomplish large volume of forensic medical examination without recruitment of additional workforce and means from other regions of the country.

[Fatal poisoning with the local anesthetic bupivacaine].

Lethal concentration of bupivacaine was determined based on the examination of a case of poisoning with this local anesthetic agent taken at a dose 5 times the normal value. This study is of special interest taking into consideration the lack of data on toxic and lethal doses of bupivacaine in splanchnic organs and tissues in the literature.