RESUMO
The aim of the work was to study the effect of fetal tissues on histological structure of testicles of the old mice. The data obtained suggest that the implantation of human fetal tissues postponed age degeneration of tissues.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/patologia , Extratos Placentários/farmacologia , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/patologia , Animais , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Extratos Placentários/administração & dosagem , Células de Sertoli/efeitos dos fármacos , Células de Sertoli/patologia , Contagem de Espermatozoides , Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Espermatozoides/patologiaRESUMO
Implantation of somatic cells from autopsy specimens (15-18 weeks gestation) had a modulatory effect on immunogenesis in old mice. Activation of the immune system in recipient animals after administration of somatic cells reflects a multistage influence of test preparation. The observed changes were reversible. A progressive decrease in activation of the immune system in recipient mice was not accompanied by the development of pathological changes. Repeated implantation was required to maintain these processes.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células , Animais , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBARESUMO
The relationships between embryonic stem and cambial cells in the ontogeny were evaluated on the basis of our data on organ embryogenesis and in vivo implantation of epithelial tissues and published data. We demonstrated the role of recipient tissues in the implantation process. Aseptic inflammation developing in response to the implant activates proliferation of the adjacent donor tissues. Proliferation and differentiation of the implanted donor tissues correspond to inflammation phases in the focus of implantation, are regulated by factors of the recipient organism, and are histogenetically determined.
Assuntos
Doadores de Tecidos , Transplante de Tecidos/fisiologia , Transplante Homólogo/fisiologia , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Células Epiteliais/citologia , Células Epiteliais/fisiologia , Humanos , Inflamação/patologia , Transplante de Tecidos/patologiaRESUMO
Thymalin accumulates only in young cells of the skin ectodermal epithelium and mucosa of the anterior portions of the digestive and respiratory systems. After appearance of keratin the cells no longer accumulate thymalin. Similarly as in the thymus, thymalin content in the ectodermal epithelium of the organs is subjected to age-associated involution.
Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Ectoderma/citologia , Sistema Imunitário/embriologia , Linfócitos T/citologia , Hormônios do Timo/fisiologia , Adulto , Células Epiteliais/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Timo/fisiologiaRESUMO
We studied the appearance of immunomodulator thymalin in human respiratory organs during early embryogenesis. Thymalin accumulated in young cells of airway epithelium. In the alveolar part thymalin-positive cells were diffusely spread. Mature T cells (CD3+) and the main regulatory elements (CD4+ and CD8+) were detected during the same period in the lungs in the absence of thymic microenvironment. The function of immune elements forming in fetal lungs is local protection of the fetus from potentially aggressive maternal cells and infectious agents entering the body through the trachea and fetal blood vessels.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/metabolismo , Feto/fisiologia , Sistema Respiratório , Hormônios do Timo/metabolismo , Feminino , Feto/anatomia & histologia , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Sistema Respiratório/anatomia & histologia , Sistema Respiratório/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sistema Respiratório/imunologia , Sistema Respiratório/metabolismo , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Timo/citologia , Timo/imunologia , Timo/metabolismoRESUMO
Immunomorphological analysis revealed the presence of thymalin in human epidermis and in fetal reticuloepithelium. These structures are developed from the common embryonic primordium ectoderm. In embryos and adult humans thymalin is present only in young epidermal cells, which undergo age-related involution. By the age of 70 years, the layer of thymalin-containing cells looks thinned and discontinuous. The content of thymalin, a thymic factor, decreases with age.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Epiderme/química , Hormônios do Timo/análise , Adulto , Idoso , Células Epidérmicas , Epiderme/embriologia , Idade Gestacional , Cabelo/química , Cabelo/embriologia , HumanosRESUMO
The liver, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, palatine and pharyngeal tonsils, appendix and Peyer's patch were studied by morphological and immune methods in more than 100 human embryos of 3 to 34 weeks of development. The order of some organs development in the immune system is established. Key periods in the development of the thymus (5-12 weeks) and 18 weeks when peripheral organs enter the immune system are specified. Inherited perinatal pathology in abnormal lymphocytic composition in the organ is illustrated by the appendix.
Assuntos
Doenças Fetais , Sistema Imunitário/embriologia , Tecido Linfoide/embriologia , Desenvolvimento Embrionário e Fetal , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/etiologia , Doenças Fetais/patologia , Humanos , Sistema Imunitário/patologia , Tecido Linfoide/patologia , GravidezRESUMO
The effect of human fetal tissues (hypothalamic, liver, spleen, adrenal, ovarian, testicle, uterine, prostatic, gut, placental cells) collected from the fetuses at the 16-22 weeks of prenatal development, on the cytological structure of the thymus of 2-years old CBA mice in 7, 14, 42 and 64 days after start of treatment has been studied using morphological and immunological methods. The data obtained suggest that the implantation of human fetal tissues does not stop totally, but postponed age involution of thymus.
Assuntos
Transplante de Tecido Fetal , Timo/transplante , Envelhecimento , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Timo/embriologia , Timo/imunologia , Transplante HeterólogoRESUMO
The endocrine function of the thymus develops earlier than lymphocytopoietic. Thymalin is produced by epithelial cells in the thymus primordium. It is released into the blood and regulates differentiation of T lymphocytes in the liver, the initial hemopoietic organ. The hormonal and lymphopoietic functions of human thymus are united on weeks 7.5-8 of embryonic life.
Assuntos
Fígado/embriologia , Fígado/fisiologia , Timo/embriologia , Timo/imunologia , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Feminino , Hepatócitos/ultraestrutura , Humanos , Fígado/citologia , Linfócitos/fisiologia , Hormônios do Timo/metabolismoRESUMO
The literature information and the authors's data are presented on the lability of human fetus thymus changes under extremal conditions. In particular, the source of the thymus development is discussed determining its morphogenetic potencies, the sequences of its endocrine and lymphocytopoietic function appearance. Lymphocytes composition and kinetics of their quantity in the process of fetus development and thymus response to the unfavourable conditions of the mother are presented.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Embrionário e Fetal/efeitos da radiação , Exposição Materna , Centrais Elétricas , Liberação Nociva de Radioativos , Timo/embriologia , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Timo/efeitos da radiação , UcrâniaAssuntos
Feto/efeitos da radiação , Hematopoese Extramedular/efeitos da radiação , Fígado/efeitos da radiação , Timo/efeitos da radiação , Aborto Espontâneo , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Exposição Ambiental , Feminino , Humanos , Fígado/fisiologia , Microscopia Eletrônica , Centrais Elétricas , Gravidez , Liberação Nociva de Radioativos , Poluentes Radioativos/toxicidade , Timo/fisiologia , UcrâniaRESUMO
Percentage and mitotic regimen (mitotic index, mitotic phases, pathological mitosis) of hematopoietic liver cells of the embryos and foetuses (6-12 weeks of development) from females living in normal conditions (Moscow) and in polluted with radionuclides after Chernobyl accident territory of Bryansk region of Russian Federation (towns Novozybkov and Klintsy) are characterized. Moderate but statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences were found in the number of polychromatophilic and oxyphilic normoblasts, basophilic megaloblasts, granulocytes at various developmental stages in the study group compared to the control. No difference was observed in 1992 in the mitotic activity, total number of pathological mitoses and the percentage of binuclear cells. But the spectrum of pathological mitoses, in the contaminated zone, seems to be wider. The mitotic index and the number of cells per 1 mg of organ tissue showed two-fold increase in 1993 in the town of Novozybkov as compared to the control area. The conclusion is made that small radiation doses exert only very slight influence on hematopoiesis in human embryonic and foetal liver of 6-12 weeks of gestation.
Assuntos
Hematopoese/efeitos da radiação , Fígado/efeitos da radiação , Centrais Elétricas , Liberação Nociva de Radioativos , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Embrião de Mamíferos/efeitos da radiação , Desenvolvimento Embrionário e Fetal/efeitos da radiação , Feminino , Humanos , Fígado/embriologia , Moscou , Gravidez , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez , UcrâniaRESUMO
Spleens of more than 100 human fetuses at the age of 5-34 weeks of development have been studied by means of immunofluorescent methods to identify T- and B-lymphocytes. The spleen lymphatic follicles are detected at the 12th-14th weeks of the embryonal development. Within the same range of time in the mononuclear suspension of the organ T- and B-lymphocytes are defined. The critical period is stated when certain density of lymphocytes and the portion of T- and B-lymphocytes is established in the organ and it is not changed up to the end of embryogenesis. After the 22nd week, the reticular stroma of the lymphatic follicle acquires a complex structure. The following zones can be determined in it: the periarterial where thymus-dependent cells are situated, the zone where thymus-independent cells are situated and the marginal zone surrounding the whole lymphatic follicle.
Assuntos
Linfócitos B/citologia , Baço/embriologia , Linfócitos T/citologia , Diferenciação Celular , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Contagem de LeucócitosRESUMO
The authors studied the development and differentiation of spleen lymphocytes and tissues from 100 human embryos aged 5-34 weeks. T-/E-RFC) and B lymphocytes (IgG plus G cells) were identified by histochemical and immunomorphological methods. The weight and quantitative values of the spleen and lymphocytes are presented. The development of the spleen consists of three periods: 1) an early one (5-8 weeks) when the organ is characterized by a compact arrangement of the mesenchymal cells; 2) 9-11 weeks, when blood deposition function prevails; 3) appearance of lymphopoiesis after 13-14 weeks. Heterogenicity of spleen lymphocytes and the time course of the quantitative changes during embryogenesis are reported. It is concluded that the humans spleen presents a polyfunctional organ even in the embryonal period.
Assuntos
Linfócitos/imunologia , Baço/embriologia , Diferenciação Celular , Imunofluorescência , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Tamanho do Órgão , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos B/análise , Baço/citologia , Baço/imunologiaRESUMO
The submandibular salivary gland was histochemically and electron microscopically studied in gnotobiotic and conventional Wistar rats at the age of 15 days--10 months. By the first month of age, the submandibular salivary glands in both groups of animals complete differentiation of their acini, and the gland, according to the type of its secretion, becomes seromucous with predominance of albuminous component in it. Succinate dehydrogenase activity and nonspecific esterase predominate in epithelium of the excretory ducts. At the second month of life some signs of moreasing ductal part of the gland appear in the gnotobiotic rats. This part greatly increases by the 4th--10th month of life, mainly at the expense of twisted granular sections. This increase in number and volume of the twisted granular ducts results in compressing acini and in ultrastructural disorders of granulocytes, with destruction of some mitochondria, increasing number of lysosomes, decreasing size and alterations in character of secretory granules, in structural disorders of the laminar complex. All these manifest depressing secretory function of granulocytes in the gland of gnotobiotic animals.
Assuntos
Vida Livre de Germes , Glândula Submandibular/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Grânulos Citoplasmáticos/ultraestrutura , Esterases/metabolismo , Glicogênio/metabolismo , Glicosaminoglicanos/metabolismo , Microscopia Eletrônica , Proteínas/metabolismo , Ratos , Ribonucleoproteínas/metabolismo , Glândula Submandibular/enzimologia , Glândula Submandibular/metabolismo , Succinato Desidrogenase/metabolismoRESUMO
The thymus glands from one hundred of 4--34-week-old human fetuses were studied by the histologic, histochemical, immunomorphologic and electron microscopic methods. The development of the organ is described from the standpoint of systemogenesis. The laying of the gland is defined at the 5th week of the fetus development, and it reflects the features of the epithelium of the head intestine organs. The differentiation of the reticuloepithelium, the population of the gland by lymphocytes and emergence of antigenic specificity on their surface state at the age of 7--8 weeks. The growth zone of the thymus reticuloepithelium, the significance of Hassal's bodies, the appearance and quantitative dynamics of two subpopulations of T-lymphocytes are described. From 11--12 till 34 weeks of fetal development the percentage of T-lymphocytes forming rosettes with sheep red blood cells virtually does not change (70--90%), while the percentage of lymphocytes forming rosettes with their own red cell increases during the same period from 23 to 70%.