CT imaging features of bile duct stent complications.

Biliary stents have been widely used to treat both malignant and benign biliary obstruction. Biliary stenting serves as a temporary measure to maintain ductal patency and promote bile drainage. Biliary decompression can help relieve clinical symptoms of pain, obstructive jaundice, pruritis, fat malabsorption, and failure to thrive and prevent disease progression, such as secondary biliary cirrhosis and end-stage liver failure. Endoscopic placement of biliary endoprosthesis is a minimally invasive procedure well tolerated by most patients but is not without problems. Multiple early and late complications have been reported in the literature and Computed Tomography (CT) is the most used modality to assess normal positions and evaluate patients suspected of stent complications. The aim of this article is to provide a review various of biliary stent related complications, as seen on CT. Current literature on risk factors, diagnosis and management is also discussed.

Stromal Fibrosis of the Breast and the Associated Radiological Findings.

This case report follows a 42-year-old female patient who underwent a routine screening mammogram. The patient was found to have a 50 mm benign subareolar mass in the right breast. However, because benign imaging findings do not preclude malignancy, the patient was recommended to undergo a biopsy for confirmation. Subsequent imaging and core needle biopsy established a benign lesion consistent with stromal fibrosis with underlying fibroadenomatous changes. The benign imaging and histological findings of the breast mass were concordant. The patient was recommended yearly mammograms and continued observation. This case report highlights the importance of radiopathological concordance in patients found to have benign imaging findings on screening mammograms.