[Comparative study of rifampicin distribution in the body of pregnant and nonpregnant white rats exposed to the antibiotic by inhalation]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie raspredeleniia rifampitsina v organizme beremennykh i neberemennykh belykh krys pri ingaliatsionnom vvedenii antibiotika.

When rifampicin was administered to albino rats in the form of inhalations, it was absorbed by the blood and penetrated into various organs, the levels of the antibiotic in the biosubstrates being dependent on its concentration in the inhalation air. Rifampicin distribution in the gravid animals was mainly of the same character as that in the nongravid rats. However, when the animals were exposed to the antibiotic effect during the whole period of the gravidity, a significant increase in the antibiotic levels in the blood and internal organs was observed.

[Experimental studies to set hygienic standards for benzylpenicillin in the air of a work area]. / Eksperimental'nye issledovaniia po gigienicheskomu normirovaniiu benzilpenitsillina v vozdukhe rabochei zony.

The character and level of benzylpenicillin toxic effect was studied in accordance with the methodic instruction for performance of the experiments on toxicological estimation and hygienic norms of antibiotics in the air of working areas in production premises. It was shown that the antibiotic was of low toxicity under conditions of a single exposure, did not cumulate and had no local irritating and resorbing effect. It was shown to be an allergen. Prolonged inhalation of benzylpenicillin in a concentration of 14 mg/m3 resulted in reversible changes in the function of the kidneys and liver of the animals, their sensitization and development of pronounced dysbacteriosis of the mouth and intestine mucosa. In a concentration of 1 mg/m3 benzylpenicillin had no general toxic and sensitizing effect but induced reversible changes in the normal autoflora. This allowed the authors to consider the above concentration to be maximum with respect to the antibacterial effect. On the basis of the experiments the maximum permissible norm (MPN) of the aerosol of benzylpenicillin disintegration was recommended at the level of 0.1 mg/m3.

[Methodological bases for the hygienic standardization of antibiotics]. / Metodicheskie osnovy gigienicheskogo normirovaniia antibiotikov.

For determination of the maximum permissible concentrations of antibiotics it is necessary to develop some specific approaches conditioned by the peculiarities of the biological effect of antibiotics in addition to the use of the general principles of the hygienic rationing of the factors of the production environment. It is advised to determine the thresholds of the specific antibacterial and allergen effect of antibiotics in the acute experiment in addition to the threshold of the general toxic effect.

[Effect of bificol on the intestinal microflora of chronic colitis patients working in antiboitic prodiction]. / Vliianie bifikola na mikrofloru kishechnika bol'nykh knronicheskim kolitom u usloviiakh proizvodstva antibiotikov

Data on the use of bificol, a new Soviet preparation, and its effect on the intestine microflora of patients with chronic colitis occupied in production of penicillin are presented. It was shown that by the 28th day of the preparation use the level of the intestine bacteria in the patients' intestine reliably increased. The number of immobile strains decreased from 67.6 to 36.6 per cent. Bifidoflora normalized by the 14th day of the treatment. Some clinical inprovement, i.e. stool normalization, lessening of the stomach pain, increased appetite were observed by the 4th--5th day of the treatment with bificol. On the basis of the microbiological and clinical data it was shown that treatment of the patients with chronic colitis in antibiotic production should continue for at least 28 days and in individual cases for longer periods of time. It is recommended to use the preparation in 10 doses a day divided into 2 parts.

[Effect of industrial contact with penicillin on the immunological reactivity of workers]. / Vliianie proizvodstvennogo kontakta s penitsillinom na immunologicheskuiu reaktivnost' rabochikh

Immunological examination of women occupied in production of penicillin revealed a decrease in the phagocytic activity of the blood neutrophiles and the bactericidal properties of the skin, an increase in the quantitative composition of the autoflora of the skin and changes in its biochemical properties. Correlation between the changes in the values of the natural non-specific immunity as dependent on the level of the contact with the antibiotic was shown.

[Microflora of theintestines of persons in contact with aminoglycosides and penicillin]. / Mikroflora kishechnika liudei, imeiushchikh kontakt s aminoglikozidami i penitsillinom

A total of 90 persons being in contact with aminoglycosides and penicillin were examined. It was found that such a contact resulted in dysbacteriosis of the intestine. The culture of Coli bacteria isolated from the persons had a low fermentative activity and lost their mobility. Bificol, a biological preparation proved to be promising in the treatment of persons with dysfunction of the intestine against the background of dysbacteriosis.

[Toxicological characteristics of ampicillin]. / K toksikologicheskoi kharakteristike ampitsillina

Toxocity of ampicillin trihydrate was studied in acute and chronic experiments. It was shown that the antibiotic had low acute toxicity, did not cumulate and had no skin-irritating effect. On its inhalation in concentrations of 5 mg/m3 for 4 months, ampicillin induced allergization of albino rats, decreased their immunity. The general toxic effect of the drug was slightly pronounced. Ampicillin in a concentration of 0.1 mg/m3 induced tension of the immunological reactivity of the organism. The maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of ampicillin in the working premises equal to 0.1 mg/m3 is recommended. Mark "Allergen" is necessary.