[Teratogenic effect of the fungicide calixin]. / Teratogennyi éffekt fungitsida kaliksina.

Experimental studies on Wistar rats revealed that the fungicide calixin (N-tridecyl-2.6-dimethylmorpholine) has a teratogenic effect. This effect manifested in edemas, hemorrhages, hematomas, abnormal development of the brain (hydrocephalia), visceral cranium (micrognathia, cleft palate) and genitourinary system (hydronephrosis), in decreased size of pelvic bones, shoulder girdle, front and hind limbs, etc. Marked teratogenic effects was in good agreement with the dose. Threshold and subthreshold doses of calixin in terms of the teratogenic effect were 0.6 and 0.13 mg/kg, respectively. Calixin produces a clear-cut specific teratogenic effect that is evidenced by a wide spectrum of specific action (class I of extremely hazardous substances). The most pronounced changes were induced by calixin administration during the entire period of pregnancy (days 1-20) as compared to its administration during organogenesis (days 7-15).

[State of rat embryogenesis and progeny during exposure to foreign substances contained in the food]. / Issledovanie sostoianiia émbriogeneza i potomstva krys pri vozdeistvii psotoronnikh veshchestv, soderzhashchikhsia v pishche.

Examination of the action of different xenobiotics (pesticides, heavy metals) on embryogenesis and progeny allowed the methodological approaches to this line of research to be suggested. It is recommended that xenobiotics be administered in different periods of embryogenesis: from day 1 to day 7, from day 7 to day 15 and from day 1 to day 20. It has been established that at cross mating the most pronounced alterations arose in the progeny of experimental males. The main object was to study the effect dependence on the dose, time and administration of the substances in order to establish their threshold and subthreshold levels. Validation of these parameters required the use of a complex of integral, functional, biochemical and morpholgical findings that warrant as assessment of the changes from the standpoint of the entire body, individual systems, organs, cellular and subecellular structures.

[Effect of small amounts of methylmercury on embryogenesis and certain biochemical indices]. / Vliianie malykh kolichestv metilrtuti na émbriogenez i nekotorye biokhimicheskie pokazateli.

It was established in experiments on Wistar rats that oral methyl mercuric iodide at doses of 0.85, 0.64, 0.42 and 0.21 mg/kg daily exerts no teratogenic or embryotoxic action on the progeny. However, administration of methyl mercuric iodide at doses of 0.85 and 0.64 mg/kg produced in females a significant decrease in the SH-group content in renal and cerebral tissues, in the activity of acetylcholine esterase in the cerebellum (by 18-48%) and a rise in the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase in the kidneys (by 48-70%). The doses of 0.42 and 0.21 mg/kg administered at various periods of pregnancy, did not exert any effect on the body of females under experimental conditions. These findings are supported to a certain measure by the results of examination of a 2-month progeny of the animals given 0.21 mg/kg methyl mercuric iodide daily. The biochemical parameters of these animals did not differ from those of the control ones.

[Hazard criteria and the evaluation of the overall toxic and specific effects of chemical compound exposure]. / Kriterii vrednosti i otsenka obshchetoksicheskikh i spetsificheskikh éffektov vozdeistviia khimicheskikh soedinenii.

A differentiated establishment of a chronic action threshold for a population and especially of a subthreshold is a basic hygienic parameter necessary for substantiating safe concentrations of chemical substances. Investigations aimed at detecting the penetration of substances into the cells, their intracellular distribution and ascertaining the extent of deranged biochemical processes localized in subcellular formations are of crucial importance in toxicological experiment.