Ultra-Broadband Absorber with Large Angular Stability Based on Frequency Selective Surface.

In this paper, a low-profile, double-layer absorber with ultra-broadband absorption and large-angle stability is proposed. In order to improve the angular stability, the square ring with concave-convex deformation is designed. It can expand the current path to realize the miniaturization of the absorber, which decreases the influence of oblique incident on absorption. The equivalent circuit model provides detailed resonance and admittance analysis, showing the existence of three resonances working together to achieve broadband absorption. The simulated results illustrate that the designed unit can achieve above 80% absorption within 2.09-18.1 GHz. The angular stability is up to 50° under TE/TM polarization with a period of 0.07 λL (the wavelength of the lowest operating frequency). The 300 mm × 300 mm prototype absorbers were fabricated for demonstration, with a total thickness of 0.096 λL. The measurement results are consistent with the simulated results, which shows that the designed absorber unit can achieve ultra-broadband and large-angle absorption. The performance of devices can be widely applied in infrared detection, radiation refrigeration, and stealth technology.

Preparation, characterization and dissolution characteristics of curcumin solid lipid nanoparticles modified with PEG / 中草药

Objective: The sustained release curcumin solid lipid nanoparticles (Cur-SLN) and long circulating solid lipid nanoparticles (LSLN) were prepared, and the physicochemical properties of the two nanoparticles were investigated. Methods: Cur-SLN was prepared by emulsification ultrasonic method, and then the entrapment efficiency and drug loading of Cur-SLN prepared under the optimal formulation were determined. Cur-LSLN was prepared by back-extrapolation method, and the physicochemical properties of Cur-SLN and Cur-LSLN were evaluated by entrapment efficiency, drug loading, particle size, and Zeta potential; DSC was used to analyze, in vitro release characteristics and the transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to observe particle appearance. Results: Based on the optimal conditions, TEM showed that the appearance of Cur-SLN and Cur-LSLN were spherical or nearly spherical, the entrapment efficiency respectively were (89.15 ± 0.66)% and (92.97 ± 0.27)%, drug loading were (1.72 ± 0.08)% and (1.98 ± 0.08)%, average diameters of particles were (144.5 ± 4.1) nm and (155.0 ± 2.6) nm, and the mean Zeta potential were (-23.6 ± 0.2) mV and (-47.8 ± 1.8) mV. Through DSC detection, it can be determined that Cur in nanoparticles had been transformed into amorphous state. In vitro release test showed that the drug release of the two preparations was divided into two stages: burst release phase and sustained released stage, the release rate was fast in 12 h, and the cumulative release of Cur-SLN in 96 h was 86.63%, and Cur-LSLN was 76.98%, so Cur-LSLN showed better sustained-release effect. Conclusion: Cur-SLN and Cur-LSLN can be successfully prepared by emulsification ultrasonic method, and PEG modified nanoparticles have better sustained-release properties and prolong the time of the presence of drug in vivo, providing reference for the development of targeted drugs.

Discovery of Butyrylcholinesterase-Activated Near-Infrared Fluorogenic Probe for Live-Cell and In Vivo Imaging.

Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is widely distributed in various tissues and highly implicated in several important human diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the role of BChE in AD is still controversial, which may be partially attributed to the lack of a direct tool for real-time and noninvasive monitoring of BChE in in vivo. Here, we report three rationally designed near-infrared fluorogenic probes that possess excellent discrimination for butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) over the related enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The refined probe, BChE-NIRFP, not only functions as an exquisite substrate for BChE in in vitro assays but also represents a superb "signal-on" imaging tool to real-time track BChE levels in human cells, zebrafish, and a mouse model of AD. A further application of BChE-NIRFP to identify the cellular mechanism reveals that Aß fibrils and insulin resistance may be important contributors to the abnormally elevated BChE levels observed during AD progression. Based on the results from the present study, this new probe is a valuable tool for basic and clinical research designed to obtain a complete understanding of the physiological roles of BChE in diverse human diseases, particularly AD.

Role of using two-route ulinastatin injection to alleviate intestinal injury in septic rats / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#Early application of protease inhibitors through the intestinal lumen could increase survival following experimental shock by blocking the pancreatic digestive enzymes. Hence, it was hypothesized that two-route injection (intraintestinal + intravenous) of ulinastatin (UTI), a broad-spectrum protease inhibitor, could better alleviate intestinal injury than single-route injection (either intravenous or intraintestinal).@*METHODS@#A sepsis model induced by lipopolysaccharide on rats was established. The rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham, sepsis, UTI intravenous injection (Uiv), UTI intraintestinal injection (Uii), and UTI intraintestinal + intravenous injection (Uii + Uiv) groups. The mucosal barrier function, enzyme-blocking effect, levels of systemic inflammatory cytokines, and 5-day survival rate were compared among groups. The small intestinal villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD), and two components of mucosal barrier (E-cadherin and mucin-2) were measured to evaluate the mucosal barrier function. The levels of trypsin and neutrophil elastase (NE) in the intestine, serum, and vital organs were measured to determine the enzyme-blocking effect.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the single-route injection group (Uiv or Uii), the two-route injection (Uii + Uiv) group displayed: (1) significantly higher levels of VH, VH/CD, E-cadherin, and mucin-2; (2) decreased trypsin and NE levels in intestine, plasma, and vital organs; (3) reduced systemic inflammatory cytokine levels; and (4) improved survival of septic rats.@*CONCLUSION@#Two-route UTI injection was superior to single-route injection in terms of alleviating intestinal injury, which might be explained by extensive blockade of proteases through different ways.

Comparison of Clinical and Neuroimaging Features between Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with and without Cancer / 中国康复理论与实践

@# Objective To compare the differences of clinical and neuroimaging features between ischemic stroke patients with and without cancer. Methods From January 2013 and July 2017, 41 patients with active cancer diagnosed as acute ischemic stroke were retrospectively analyzed as research group. Besides, 41 age-and sex-matched patients diagnosed as acute ischemic stroke without cancer were selected as control group. The clinical date of both groups were collected and analyzed statistically. Results The percentages of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and past stroke were lower (χ2 > 5.549, P < 0.05), and the percentage of patients with cryptogenic stroke was higher in the research group than in the control group (χ2 > 17.537, P < 0.05). The hemoglobin level was lower (t = 4.609, P < 0.001), the D-dimer level was higher (t = -5.796, P < 0.001) in the research group than in the control group. Multiple vascular lesions of 53.7% patients in the research group were higher than 4.9% in the control group. The percentage of DWI lesions involving three vessel territories was higher in the research group than in the control group (χ2 > 17.995, P < 0.01). The percentage of multiple small lesions, and lesions located in cortical/subcortical lesions or cerebellum was higher in the research group than in the control group (χ2 > 8.159, P < 0.01). The 30 days mRS score after ischemic stroke (t = -3.222, P < 0.01) and the mortality rate within 30 days (P < 0.05) were higher in the research group than in the control group. Conclusion Compared with ischemic stroke patients without cancer, there were more cryptogenic stroke, higher D-dimer levels and poor prognosis in patients with active cancer. In ischemic stroke, patients with active cancer has a unique focal distributions characterized by more multiple vascular lesions involving three vessel territories and more lesions located in cortical/subcortical and cerebellum. The patients with ischemic stroke who conform to above characteristic should be paied attention to tumor screening.

Analysis on the Catastrophic Expenditure on Health and Its Influence Factors of Worker Households in Heilongjiang National Forest Areas / 中国卫生经济

Objective:To analyze the situation and influence factors of catastrophic health expenditure in national forest areas of Heilongjiang in 2015,and propose some measures to reduce the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure.Methods:The calculating method for international catastrophic health expenditure was used to estimate the catastrophic health expenditure rate,average gap and relative gap calculation method were estimated based on logistic regression analysis method.Results:In the standard definition of 15％,25％,30％ and 40％,the catastrophic health expenditure rates of Heilongjiang national forest areas in 2015 were 27.29％,14.79％,11.80％ and 8.27％;the average gap were 5.29％,3.25％,2.59％ and 1.61％;the relative gap were 19.38％,21.97％,21.95％and 19.47％.Family economic income and household cultural degree were the protective factors for catastrophic health expenditure.Low-insurance family,family with the elderly above 65 years old and family member hospitalization were risk factors for catastrophic health expenditure.Conclusion:The government should pay more attention to the poor,increase the family income in multi-channel;focus on prevention and timely medical treatment so as to reduce the risk of serious illness;increase investment in education,improve the education level of residents;pay attention to the elderly population and improve the medical security system.

Discovery of a butyrylcholinesterase-specific probe via a structure-based design strategy.

We report herein the structure-based design and application of a fluorogenic molecular probe (BChE-FP) specific to butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). This probe was rationally designed by mimicking the native substrate and optimized stepwise by manipulating the steric feature and the reactivity of the designed probe targeting the structural difference of the active pockets of BChE and AChE. The refined probe, BChE-FP, exhibits high specificity toward BChE compared to AChE, producing about 275-fold greater fluorescence enhancement upon the catalysis by BChE. Thus, BChE-FP is a specific BChE probe identified by the structure-based design and it can discriminate BChE from AChE. Furthermore, it has been successfully applied for imaging the endogenous BChE in living cells, as well as BChE inhibitor screening and characterization under physiological conditions.

Nonpeptide-Based Small-Molecule Probe for Fluorogenic and Chromogenic Detection of Chymotrypsin.

We report herein a nonpeptide-based small-molecule probe for fluorogenic and chromogenic detection of chymotrypsin, as well as the primary application for this probe. This probe was rationally designed by mimicking the peptide substrate and optimized by adjusting the recognition group. The refined probe 2 exhibits good specificity toward chymotrypsin, producing about 25-fold higher enhancement in both the fluorescence intensity and absorbance upon the catalysis by chymotrypsin. Compared with the most widely used peptide substrate (AMC-FPAA-Suc) of chymotrypsin, probe 2 shows about 5-fold higher binding affinity and comparable catalytical efficiency against chymotrypsin. Furthermore, it was successfully applied for the inhibitor characterization. To the best of our knowledge, probe 2 is the first nonpeptide-based small-molecule probe for chymotrypsin, with the advantages of simple structure and high sensitivity compared to the widely used peptide-based substrates. This small-molecule probe is expected to be a useful molecular tool for drug discovery and chymotrypsin-related disease diagnosis.

Detection of Intracellular Selenol-Containing Molecules Using a Fluorescent Probe with Near-Zero Background Signal.

Selenocysteine (Sec), encoded as the 21st amino acid, is the predominant chemical form of selenium that is closely related to various human diseases. Thus, it is of high importance to identify novel probes for sensitive and selective recognition of Sec and Sec-containing proteins. Although a few probes have been reported to detect artificially introduced selenols in cells or tissues, none of them has been shown to be sensitive enough to detect endogenous selenols. We report the characterization and application of a new fluorogenic molecular probe for the detection of intracellular selenols. This probe exhibits near-zero background fluorescence but produces remarkable fluorescence enhancement upon reacting with selenols in a fast chemical reaction. It is highly specific and sensitive for intracellular selenium-containing molecules such as Sec and selenoproteins. When combined with flow cytometry, this probe is able to detect endogenous selenols in various human cancer cells. It is also able to image endogenous selenol-containing molecules in zebrafish under a fluorescence microscope. These results demonstrate that this molecular probe can function as a useful molecular tool for intracellular selenol sensing, which is valuable in the clinical diagnosis for human diseases associated with Sec-deficiency or overdose.

A Highly Sensitive and Selective Fluorescent Probe for Thiophenol Designed via a Twist-Blockage Strategy.

A benzoquinolizine coumarin-based fluorescent probe was developed for detecting thiophenols, demonstrating the superior fluorescence properties caused by the decay of the twisting effect of N,N-diethylamino group of coumarin. It discriminated thiophenols from various analytes including aliphatic thiols with good selectivity and displayed ∼700-fold fluorescence intensity enhancement and a remarkable limit of detection (4.5 nM). The new probe also can be applied to quantitative determine the concentrations of thiophenol in water samples and living cells.

A coumarin-based fluorescent probe for selective and sensitive detection of thiophenols and its application.

The development of probes for specific thiophenol detection is of great importance, due to the toxicity of thiophenols and their derivatives in the environment. In the present study, a novel fluorescent probe was rationally designed for detecting thiophenols via an intramolecular charge transfer mechanism. The developed probe selectively and sensitively distinguished thiophenols from aliphatic thiols. It displayed a large Stokes shift (145 nm) and >280-fold fluorescence enhancement. Moreover, the new probe not only displayed excellent cell permeability for the successful detection of thiophenol in HEK293 cells but also quantitatively measured thiophenols in water samples with good recovery (more than 90%), indicating that it has promising prospects for application for thiophenol sensing in environmental and biological sciences.

Effect of electro-acupuncture on metabolites in the cerebral cortex of ulcerative colitis rats based on Pi/Wei-brain related theory / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) at points along Foot Yangming Channel on metabolite of ulcerative colitis (UC) rats' cerebral cortex and to identify key metabolites by referring to Pi/Wei-brain related theory in Chinese medicine (CM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The UC rat model was set up by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) method. Male SD rats were randomly divided into the model group and the EA group, 13 in each group. Another 13 rats were recruited as the blank control group. Rats in the blank control group and the model group received no EA. EA was performed at Zusanli (ST36), Shangjuxu (ST37), and Tianshu (ST25) for 5 days by using disperse-dense wave. Then all rats were sacrificed. Their recto-colon and the ileocecal junction were pathomorphologically observed by light microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Cerebral cortexes were extracted. Water-soluble and lipid-soluble brain tissue metabolites were respectively extracted for metabolic research using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EA could obviously improve the general condition of UC model rats, decrease the value of DAI, reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the intestinal tract, stabilize structures such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and so on (P <0.05). 1HNMR analysis showed that in the model group, contents of glutamic acid, cholesterol, very low density lipoproein (VLDL) in the pallium obviously decreased, while alanine and low density lipoprotein (LDL) significantly increased. After EA, levels of lactic acid, glutamic acid, total cholesterol (TC), and VLDL all increased, and levels of alanine and LDL decreased. All indices were approximate to those of the blank control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EA at Foot Yangming channel was found to have some effect on metabolites in the brain tissue of UC model rats, which had specific metabonomic material basis and mechanism based on the Pi/Wei-brain related theory.</p>

Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia in an Infant with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

An 11-month-old male infant was admitted to our hospital with fever, fussiness, poor feeding, vomiting, and tachypnea for two days prior. Physical examination revealed sporadic papules and vesicles occurring on his hands, feet, face, and perianal mucosa. Enterovirus 71 was identified from both throat swab and vesicle fluid using virus isolation techniques. The patient's heart rate fluctuated in a very narrow range from 180~210/beats/min regardless of his physiologic state. An electrocardiogram showed P-waves buried within or occurring just after regular, narrow, QRS complexes. The patient was diagnosed as having hand, foot, and mouth disease in combination with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). The child recovered well with symptomatic treatment, including intravenous administration of acyclovir, glucocorticoids, immunoglobulin, adenosine, and sotalol. PSVT was terminated within 36 hours of hospitalization. The skin lesions became crusted on the third day, and then proceeded to heal spontaneously. Here we report on this unusual case and review the associated literature.

Study on the Protective Effect of Shuanghuanglian Sterilized Powder for Injection on Hepatic Injury of Model Mice Induced by Human Cytomegalovirus Infection / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the protective effect of shuanghuanglian sterilized powder for injection on hepatic in?jury of model mouse induced by human cytomegalovirus(HCMV)infection.METHODS:The mice were randomized into nor?mal control group,infection model group,ganciclovir group and shuanghuanglian sterilized powder for injection group(high,middle and low dosage),all of which except the normal control were vaccinated with HCMV5d to establish the hepatic injury model,each group was administered with different drugs;10days later,the enzyme activity of ALT and AST in the eye sockets blood of each group was determined;The mice were put to death by cervical vertebra dislocation and the necrosis degree of livers from the dead mice was evaluated and the pathological observation was conducted.RESULTS:The activity of ALT and AST were normal in the normal control,and no significant changes were found in the livers of this group;Compared with the normal control,the plasma ALT and AST levels have been increased significantly and there was a significant pathological hepatic injury in the infection model group;Compared with the infection model group,significant decreases were found in the activity of ALT and AST in the high and middle dosage groups of shuanghuanglian sterilized powder for injection,and there were obvious alleviated pathologic hepatic injury while no significant differences were found in the plasma ALT and AST ac?tivity in the low dosage group;Compared with the infection model group,the ALT and AST activity of the ganciclovir group were lowed significantly;Compared with the ganciclovir group,no significant differences were found in the ALT and AST ac?tivity in the high and middle dosage groups of shuanghuanglian sterilized powder for injection.CONCLUSION:Shuanghuan?glian sterilized powder for injection does have protective effect on hepatic injury of model mouse induced by HCMV.

Antimicrobial Peptides: Antibacterial Mechanism and Therapeutic Use / 微生物学通报

Antimicrobial peptides, a cluster of small peptides secreted by the majority of creatures, have been demonstrated with activity against a wide range of microorganisms including bacteria, protozoa, yeast, fungi, viruses and even tumor cells. These peptides have some features such as broad spectrum , high effi-cacy and stability, little drug resistance. A lack of new antibiotics combined with emerging multi-drug resis-tance issues demands that new antimicrobial strategies be explored for treating these infections. It has been proposed that the antimicrobial peptides might form the foundation for a new class of clinically useful an-timicrobials. We review the advantages of these molecules in construction features and bioactivity, with the focus on the mechanism and clinical applications.

The effect of Shuanghuanglian on the load of hepatic HCMV DNA in mice infected with HCMV / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of Shuanghuanglian on the the load of hepatic HCMV DNA in mice infected with HCMV.Method The model of mice hepatitis infected with HCMV was prepared. 10 days after treated with Shuanghuanlian,the hepatic HCMV DNA was detected qualitatively by polymerase chain reaction;the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) in serum were assayed by spectrophotometer;and hepatic pathology was observed with HE staining.Results HCMV DNA load in infected model group was 3875.4760 copies/mg,while in high and middling dosage shuanghuanglian therapy group it was 8.3261 copies/mg、9.1476 copies/mg respectively;It decreased significantly compared with the former(P0.05);low dosage of shuanghuanglian(HCMV DNA load was 3812.8980 copies/mg) had no notable difference compared with infected model group;serum transaminase (ALT,AST) levels significantly elevated in infected model group; serum transaminase level decreased sharply and liver histological pathology was lighten after treated with high and middling dosage of Shuanghuanglian(P

The establishment of murine model of human Clinical cytomegalovirus interstitial pneumonia / 中国药理学通报

Aim To provide experimental basis to study Human Cytomegalovirus(HCMV)infected disease and filtrate anti-virus drugs, HCMV acute interstitial pneumonia murine model was established. Methods Balb/c mice were infected with HCMV AD_ 169 strain. The rate of breath and weight of mice were observed, specific anti-HCMV antibody in serum was detected by ELISA, and viral isolation, Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and pathological examination of lung tissue were performed aswell. Results Compared with the control group, the rate of breath of mice in the group infected with HCMV increased, while their weight decreased (P