Retraction Note: A Study of Otorhinolaryngological Diseases with Ophthalmic Complications: At a Tertiary Care Center.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-01849-2.].

A Study of Otorhinolaryngological Diseases with Ophthalmic Complications: At a Tertiary Care Center.

The eyeball and the orbit are neighbours of the ENT region. This close proximity, makes the involvement of the orbit and there of ophthalmological manifestations fairly common in the practise of Otorhinolaryngology. This was a prospective study. All the patients presenting with ophthalmological manifestations due to various ear, nose, throat and head-neck pathologies were constituted in this study. This study was carried out on 50 patients of all age groups with ophthalmological complications along with ENT diseases who came to the department of ENT and head-neck surgery and department of Ophthalmology of N.S.C.B. Government Medical College, Jabalpur from August 2018 to August 2019. The diseases of ENT with orbital extension must be considered whenever a patient presents with signs and symptoms of orbital disease such as proptosis, orbital mass, restriction of eye movements, neurological dysfunction of eye, chemosis, vision disturbances or epiphora. A firmer knowledge of orbital anatomy with respect to sinonasal region is required for any surgeon dealing with this important area, for a safer and more secure management in this complex region. Surgery remains the main stay of treatment for sinonasal diseases with orbital complications. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are of utmost importance in preserving vision and life in these patients.

Role of Hearing Screening in High-Risk Newborns.

Hearing is one of the very important five senses. The most important period for language and speech development is generally regarded as the first three years of life. For the past 20 years, electrophysiological methods are most commonly used which include otoacoustic emission (OAE) and auditory brain stem response (ABR). Regardless of the screening method chosen, hearing screening, though critical, is only the first stage of a comprehensive early intervention plan. Screening alone is useless unless appropriate diagnostic testing services and high quality amplification and rehabilitation services are in place and are implemented in a timely fashion. Early screening does not substitute for further periodic childhood hearing screening. To screen the newborns which are high risk or born to high risk mother using optoacoustic emission and auditory brain stem response (ABR). Also to co-relate hearing loss with various risk factors involved in pre-natal, natal and post-natal. Methods: we conducted a prospective study with 100 high risk newborns in a tertiary care centre. First, all babies were screened using transient evoked otoacoustic emission(TEOAE). Babies not responsive in this were screening again after 14 days using TEOAE. Babies who were reffered to during this screening with TEOAE were subjected to further screening with ABR to confirm the diagnosis. Out of 100 infants, 73% infants passed first screening by TEOAE whereas 27% failed. those 27 infants which failed were screened after 14 days, of them, 3 (11.1%) infants failed the second screening and were referred. Further screening with BERA was conducted for 3 children who failed the second screening by TEOAE. Of them 1 (33.3%) infant passed the BERA whereas 2 infants failed. Test of significance observed no statistically significant association of OAE with prenatal risk factors in present study (p>0.05). whereas shows highly statistically significant association of OAE with natal (birth asphyxia, NICU admission and Apgar score at 5 minutes) and post natal (viral/bacterial infections) risk factors (p<0.01). New born hearing screening is important in recognizing babies born with congenital hearing loss. The screening protocol using OAE can be used in a two staged screening. This study aimed to detect the congenital hearing loss as early as possible and its association with various risk factors in high risk newborns and role of OAE and ABR as a screening tool. Timely diagnosis and intervention for hearing loss are not the reality throughout India. The population and professionals involved in childcare should be made aware of the impact of hearing loss, this could result in better outcome of neonatal hearing screening programs.

Novel Use of Platelet Rich Fibrin Membrane in Transcanal Myringoplasty: A Prospective Study.

Being rich in growth factors platelet rich fibrin (PRF) has been used for decades for its healing properties in cosmetic surgeries but its use in transcanal myringoplasty is a novel approach that remains unexplored. In todays era of minimally invasive surgery not only does it provide as a great alternative to conventional myringoplasty but also outshines it. It reduces post operative pain, hospital stay and unlike the conventional technique that uses termporalis fascia as a graft material, PRF myringoplasty if required can be reperformed on the same patient multiple times with minimal risk. This procedure comes as a boon for patients with recurrent graft defects because after multiple revision surgeries, temporalis fascia can be deficient and other graft materials like cartilage/perichondrium or fascia lata etc. have to be harvested surgically for myringoplasty. In PRF myringoplasty there is no upper limit in the number of times the PRF membrane can be made and also it does not entail any surgical incision for graft harvest. A prospective study involving 41 patients was conducted at Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur where in the tympanic membrane perforations were repaired using PRF membrane with a successful outcome in 85.4% of the patients included in this study.

Comparative Study Between Double Layered Repair of Pharyngeal Mucosa Against Routine Single Layered Repair in Cases of "Total Laryngectomy with Partial Pharyngectomy" in Respect To Formation of Pharyngo-cutaneous Fistula.

Advanced glottic cancer (T3,N+ & T4) is usually treated in the majority of centres by total laryngectomy. Carcinoma of the larynx is one of the very few subsets of all cancers which have shown a decrease in the 5 year survival rate and this phenomenon has been attributed to a Pharyngo-cutaneous fistula is the most common complication after total laryngectomy. Comparative study between double layered repair of pharyngeal mucosa against routine single layered repair in cases of "total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy". All patients with the principal procedure of "total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy" in department of otorhinolaryngology and head-neck surgery, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India were included in this study. Out of the 20 patients who had undergone total laryngectomy irrespective of the type of mucosal repair, 5 (25 %) patients developed pharyngocutaneous fistula. Out of the 8 patients, with double layered mucosa repair, 1 (12.5 %) patient developed pharyngocutaneous fistula. Out of the 12 patients, with single layered mucosa repair, 4 (33 %) patients developed pharyngocutaneous fistula. Double layered repair of pharyngeal mucosa is associated with a lower incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula formation and no increased incidence of dysphagia after complete radiotherapy as compared to single layered repair.

To study the effect of orbital sling on post operative vision in cases of maxillary carcinoma undergoing total maxillectomy.

To study effect of orbital sling on post operative vision in cases of maxillary carcinoma undergoing total maxillectomy. All patients with the principal procedure of "total maxillectomy" for histopathologically proven cases of carcinoma maxilla in department of otorhinolaryngology and head-neck surgery, N.S.C.B. medical college, Jabalapur, Madhya Pradesh, India from July 2011 to October 2013 were included. Out of the 20 patients irrespective of whether orbital sling was created or not, maximum number of patients 8 (40 %) showed a 3 step improvement, and maximum improvement seen was up to five steps. Out of the 14 patients in which orbital sling was created maximum number of patients 7 (50 %) showed a 3 step improvement, and maximum improvement seen was up to five steps. Out of the 6 patients in whom orbital sling was not created maximum number of patients 3 (50 %) showed a 2 step improvement, and maximum improvement seen was up to three steps. Infraorbital repair with the help of sling results in better improvement of vision as compared to those in whom sling was not or could not be made with no significant difference on eye movements.

Potentially malignant disorders of the oral cavity: a clinical study.

Oral cancers in India, unlike in the West are the most common cancers encountered, be it a primary or a tertiary referral practice. This makes the study and management of these cancers an important issue especially for the otolaryngologist. It is well known that the most common variant of oral cancers is the squamous cell carcinoma. Also the etiology is well established; with tobacco use in both smoking and smokeless forms, alcohol, betel nut and recently the Human Papilloma virus infection being implicated. Certain conditions which definitely increase the probability of getting oral cancers are known and this study aims in revisiting these aspects of pre-malignancy. The progression from a pre-cancerous lesion/condition to frank cancer is well established across many studies and many specialties. Also timely recognizing these pre-cancerous conditions and administration of proper treatment will greatly help in reducing the morbidity and mortality from subsequent much advanced and dangerous oral cancer. Keeping these facts in mind this study was planned to study the established pre-cancerous lesions which are known to progress to oral cancers.