Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) of anti-cancer drugs: a multifaceted nanoplatform for the enhancement of oral bioavailability.

OBJECTIVE: A significant problem faced by the health care industry today is that though there are numerous drugs available to tackle diseases like cancer, their intrinsic properties make it difficult to be delivered to patients in a feasible manner. One of the key players that have helped researchers overcome poor solubility and permeability of drugs is Nanotechnology, this article further iterates on the same. SIGNIFICANCE: Nanotechnology is used as an umbrella term in pharmaceutics and describes under it multiple technologies. Upcoming nanotechnology is a Self Nanoemulsifying System which is considered to be a futuristic delivery system both due to its scientific simplicity and relative ease of patient delivery. METHODS: Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SNEDDS) are homogenous lipidic concoctions containing the drug solubilized in the oil phase and surfactants. The choice of components depends on the physicochemical properties of the drugs, the solubilization capability of oils and the physiological fate of the drug. The article contains further details of various methodologies that have been adopted by scientists to formulate and optimize such systems in order to make anticancer drugs orally deliverable. RESULTS: The results that have been generated by scientists across the globe have been summarized in the article and all of the data supports the claim that SNEDDS significantly enhance the solubility and bioavailability of hydrophobic anticancer drugs. CONCLUSIONS: This article mainly provides the application of SNEDDS in cancer therapy and concludes to provide a step for the oral administration of several BCS class II and IV anticancer drugs.

Extra Nodal Rosai-Dorfman Disease (Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy) Presenting as Asymmetric Bilateral Optic Atrophy : An Atypical Ocular Presentation.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, SHML) is a rare, non-hereditary, benign histiocytic proliferative disorder, presenting as painless bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy, with systemic symptoms. Extra nodal manifestations have been reported in 28-43 % cases with rare ocular involvement. We report a case of a 57 year old female presenting with gradual progressive decrease of vision OU since 8 months associated with epistaxis. Fundus examination revealed established optic atrophy in right eye with features of chronic papilloedema in left eye suggestive of compressive lesion. CT of brain, paranasal sinuses confirmed the presence of homogenously enhancing mass in left ethmoid sinus, left sphenoid sinus extending into suprasellar region. The biopsy of this mass revealed extra nodal SHML with tissue sections being S100 and CD68 positive with emperipolesis noted. Here we describe this atypical ocular presentation of extra nodal SHML to highlight that this rare disease can manifest as an aggressive sight threatening entity, even in older age group.