RESUMO
The structure and phylogeny of MADS-box genes HAM91 of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and CDM115 of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) were characterized. It is shown that these genes encode MADS-domain transcription factors, which are orthologs of TM6 (Solanum lycopersicum) and APETALA3 (Arabidopsis thaliana), respectively. We obtained two types of transgenic tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum) with constitutive expression of HAM91 and CDM115 genes. Both types of plants flowered later than the control plants and formed more flowers and seed pods. The weight of seeds of 35S::CDM115 plants was significantly lower than in the control and 35S::HAM91 plants, which may indicate to a change in the identity of ovules in 35S::CDM115.
Assuntos
Chrysanthemum , Helianthus , Proteínas de Domínio MADS , Proteínas de Plantas , Chrysanthemum/genética , Chrysanthemum/metabolismo , Helianthus/genética , Helianthus/metabolismo , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Solanum lycopersicum/metabolismo , Proteínas de Domínio MADS/biossíntese , Proteínas de Domínio MADS/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/biossíntese , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/metabolismo , Nicotiana/genética , Nicotiana/metabolismoRESUMO
The structure of the MADS-box gene HAM31 of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus) was characterized. It is shown that the product of this gene is an ortholog of the B-class MADS transcription factor PISTILLATA (Arabidopsis thaliana). Two types of transgenic tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum) with the constitutive expression of the HAM31 gene in the sense and antisense orientation were obtained. The 35S::HAM31s plants formed flowers with an altered gynoecium identity, whereas 35S::HAM31as plants did not differ from the control.
Assuntos
Expressão Gênica , Helianthus/genética , Proteínas de Domínio MADS , Nicotiana , Proteínas de Plantas , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Proteínas de Domínio MADS/biossíntese , Proteínas de Domínio MADS/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/biossíntese , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/metabolismo , Nicotiana/genética , Nicotiana/metabolismoRESUMO
The precise spatial-temporal coordination of cell division and differentiation is necessary for the correct formation of tissues, organs, and the organism as a whole. This coordination has been implemented by the intercellular communication mediated by signaling molecules and receptors that selectively recognize them. Membrane receptor kinases of ERECTA family regulate inflorescence and flower structure, the formation of root epidermis and adaptation responses. The characterization of the ERECTA genes of flowering plant pinesap Monotropa hypopitys with unique development features can enrich the knowledge about the kinase ERECTA functions and conserved development processes with their participation. Transcriptomic and genomic search with the subsequent structural-phylogenetic analysis identified the mRNA of a gene of serine-threonine kinase receptor with leucine-rich repeats of MhyERL1, which is the only ortholog of the ERECTA family kinases of pinesap. A quantitative analysis of the MhyERL1 gene transcripts has revealed its expression in all analyzed pinesap tissues with maximum levels in the flowers. MhyERL1 is probably involved in defining the inflorescence and flower architecture, and the formation of the pinesap root epidermis. The cascades involving ERL1 are apparently conserved. The exception are pathways associated with the development of above-ground vegetative structures, and the immune response to fungal pathogens probably lost in the process of the pinesap adaptation to unfavorable environmental conditions.
Assuntos
Ericaceae , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/fisiologia , Proteínas de Plantas , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases , Ericaceae/enzimologia , Ericaceae/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/biossíntese , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/biossíntese , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genéticaRESUMO
The gene encoding the transcription factor LEAFY was identified in the genome of the mycoheterotrophic plant, pinesap Monotropa hypopitys. In the transcriptomes of roots, bracts, and flowers of flowering pinesaps, the MhyLFY gene expression was absent. These data suggest the conservativeness of the LFY-dependent mechanism of flower meristem identity and flower formation in heterotrophic species with some differences associated to the specificity of development and the structure of such plants. The pinesap flowering under the control of the transcription factor MhyLFY may be initiated either in an embryonic inflorescence during spring dormancy release of adventitious root buds or in an inflorescence of a growing reproductive stem after photoperiodic induction.
Assuntos
Ericaceae/genética , Flores/genética , Meristema/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Evolução Molecular , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Fatores de Transcrição/químicaRESUMO
The function of the HAM59 MADS-box gene in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was studied to clarify homeotic C activity in the Asteraceae plant family. For the first time, transgenic sunflower plants with a modified pattern of HAM59 expression were obtained. It was shown that the HAM59 MADS-box transcription factor did mediate C activity in sunflower. In particular, it participated in termination of the floral meristem, repression of the cadastral function of A-activity, and together with other C-type sunflower protein HAM45-in the specification of the identity of stamens and pistils.
Assuntos
Expressão Ectópica do Gene , Flores/metabolismo , Helianthus/metabolismo , Proteínas de Domínio MADS/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Flores/anatomia & histologia , Flores/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Helianthus/anatomia & histologia , Helianthus/genética , Proteínas de Domínio MADS/genética , Fenótipo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Plântula , Transformação GenéticaAssuntos
Chrysanthemum/genética , Nicotiana/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Sequência Conservada , Flores/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Filogenia , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Nicotiana/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismoAssuntos
Chrysanthemum/genética , Flores/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Proteínas de Domínio MADS/genética , Alelos , Evolução Biológica , Chrysanthemum/fisiologia , Biblioteca Gênica , Hibridização In Situ , Proteínas de Domínio MADS/química , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fenótipo , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Sondas RNA , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Tuber discs of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars Desirée and Gracia were infected by Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying a binary vector with the coat protein gene of potato virus X controlled by the carrot extensin gene long-transcript promoter. Several transgenic potato plants have been obtained by direct regeneration of shoots on culture medium with kanamycin used for selection. The presence of the coat protein gene was proved by Southern hybridization in several transformants. Its low but detectable expression level was shown by Northern and Western analysis. Ethephon treatment resulted in a five-fold increase in the amounts of the coat protein mRNA. The majority of transformants exhibited reduced accumulation of virus RNA in inoculated leaves. Potentials in the use of an ethylene-inducible promoter in the production of virus-resistant transgenic plants will be discussed.
