Mitochondrial diversity and genetic structure of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Pearl River and Nandujiang River.

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is an important valuable cyprinid in China and has been a popular cultured aquaculture species around the globe. Understanding the genetic diversity of wild native common carp not only provides basic data for the protection and utilisation of common carp resources but also assesses the effect of human activities on the genetic diversity of this species. In this study, genetic diversity and population structure of the common carp from 15 sampling populations in the Pearl River and Nandujiang River were determined using a coalescent mitochondrial locus (MLS), including mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (Cytb) and a control region (D-loop) segment. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.962 and 0.00628 in the Pearl River and 0.808 and 0.00376 in the Nandujiang River, respectively. Phylogenetic and haplotype network analyses indicated that three sub-species (a) C. c. rubrofuscus, (b) C. c. haematopterus and (c) C. c. carpio all occur in both rivers. AMOVA revealed that the variation within populations (86.2%) was the main source of the total variation. Statistically significant genetic differentiation among different Pearl River populations of C. c. rubrofuscus (Fst  = 0.05-0.25) and relatively high genetic differentiation between the Nandujiang River population and the Pearl River populations (Fst  > 0.238) are apparent. Bayesian clustering analyses detected that global populations consisted of eight genetic clusters and examined that Nandujiang River population included relatively pure genetic clusters. Neutrality tests suggested that native populations experienced recent population expansion, and Extended Bayesian Skyline Plot indicated that the common carp populations likely experienced a historical expansion during 0.125-0.250 MYA. Artificial fish propagation and release, escape from fish farms and Fang Sheng may explain the invasion of non-native sub-species in many river sections, such as Laibin, Rongjiang, Huizhou, Heyuan and Zhaoqing. To conserve the native common carp populations, release station should be established to culture native common carp fry. Overall, the findings can be contributed to complementing scientific knowledge for conservation and management of the wild native common carp.

Yigong powder with Yupingfeng powder for syndrome of spleen deficiency in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia / 国际中医中药杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy ofYigongpowder withYupingfengpowder for syndrome of spleen deficiency in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.MethodsA total of 60 patients who had spleen deficiency after azithromycin injection 5 days were randomly divided into treatment group and control group according to the random number table, with 30 in each group. The patients in both received azithromycin suspension for 2 weeks, while the patients in the treatment group received azithromycin suspension and traditional Chinese medicineYigongpowder withYupingfengpowder for 2 weeks. The symptoms score was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy.ResultsThe scores of appetite loss (0.65 ± 1.00vs. 2.32 ± 1.28,t=5.631), abdominal distention (0.73 ± 0.23vs.1.33 ± 0.97,t=3.297) and fatigue (0.72 ± 0.32vs. 1.42 ± 1.18,t=3.136) in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The total effective rate for syndrome of spleen deficiency in the treatment group was significantly higher than thatin the control group(90.0%vs.66.7%;χ2=4.812,P<0.05).ConclusionYigongpowder withYupingfeng powder can significantly improve the symptoms of syndrome of spleen deficiency in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.

Effects of PEDF on phenotypic and immunologic function of dentritic cells / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the effects of pigmentary epithelium derived factor (PDEF) on the phenotypic and immunologic function of murine-derived dentritic cells(BMDCs) .Methods Mononuclear cells(MNCs) isolated from murine bone marrow were cultured in RPMI1640 medium containing rmGM-CSF and rmIL-4 for 5 d ,and were divided into five groups .MNCs were stimulated for 3 d with either 50 ,100 ,200ng/mL PEDF ,1 μg/mL LPS(positive control) or RPMI1640(negative control) .The expression of CD11c ,CD80 and CD86 on DCs surface were analyzed by the fluorescence activated cell sorting (FCM ) .The ability of PEDF-induced BMDCs to stimulated T cell maturation were determined by the CCK-8 method and the level of IL-12 in the culture supernatant was detected by ELISA .Results The PEDF-treated BMDCs expressed high levels of CD11c ,CD80 and CD86 ,enhanced the immunolog-ical activities of T lymphocyte and its secretion of IL-12 when compared with untreated DCs .Conclusion PEDF can significantly up-regulate the expression of DCs immunological labelled molecule in in vitro cultured murine and increase its immunological com-petence .