Relationship between skin blood flow regulation mechanisms and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with metabolic syndrome.

The focus of this paper is the determination of endothelial dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the establishment of a relationship between the traditional biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and the vascular tone regulation indices obtained from indirect cold tests in MetS patients. Our investigation was conducted on 30 patients aged 45.5±9 years. The control group comprised 14 healthy subjects aged 48.2±2.4 years. The mechanism of vascular tone regulation was investigated using the wavelet analysis of skin temperature oscillations (WAST). The degrees of microvascular vasoconstriction and vasodilatation were determined during contralateral cold tests in the endothelial (0.02-0.0095 Hz), neurogenic (0.05-0.02 Hz) and myogenic (0.05-0.14 Hz) frequency ranges. In MetS patients, vasoconstriction indices were higher and vasodilatation indices were lower than in the subjects of the control group, which is indicative of disorders in the mechanisms of microvascular tone regulation. These indices correlate with the metabolic parameters and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) levels. The correlation of vasoconstriction and vasodilatation indices with the main factors of the metabolic syndrome testifies that the biological and functional aspects of the endothelial dysfunction are closely related.

[The biomarkers of systemic inflammation and polymorphism of genes TNFα-308GA (rs 1800629) and IL6-174CG (rs 1800795) in evaluation of functional condition of kidneys in patients with obesity.]

The purpose of study was to analyze relationships between polymorphism of genes TNFα (-308GA) and IL6 (-174CG) and functional condition of kidneys in patients with various phenotype of obesity. The sampling included 170 individuals aged from 25 to 55 years (90 patients with obesity, metabolic disorders and arterial hypertension - group of "complicated obesity", 50 individuals with obesity without metabolic complications - group of "metabolically healthy obesity" and 30 individuals with arterial hypertension without obesity). The analysis was applied to clinical biochemical indices, levels of TNFα, IL-6 in blood serum and urine, microalbuminuria, collagen IV in urine, polymorphism of genes TNFα (-308GA) and IL6 (-174CG). The analysis established that the group I of patients (with complicated obesity) was characterized by higher levels of TNFα and IL6 in blood and urine, microalbuminuria and collagen IV. In this group, in contrast with control group, prevailed minor allele AA of gene TNFα (χ2 = 14,70; р = 0,04) and GG of gene IL6 (χ2 = 1,90; р = 0,04). The carriage of homozygote of AA of gene TNFα in the group was more often combined with moderate decreasing of velocity of glomerular filtration (χ2 = 2,15; р = 0,04), homozygote of GG of gene IL-6 in group with level of microalbuminuria more than 30 mg per day (χ2 = 2,8; р = 0,04). The association was established between polymorphism of gene TNFα (-308GА) and level of systolic arterial pressure (р = 0,04), diastolic arterial pressure (р = 0,02), IL6 of blood (р = 0,04), TNFα (р = 0,027). The carriage of minor alleles - AA of gene TNFα and GG of gene IL6 is associated with development of arterial pressure and metabolically complicated obesity. The polymorphism of genes TNFα (-308GА) and IL6 (-174СG) can selectively effect spontaneous production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and is associated with disorder of kidney function. The association of increased level of TNFα and IL6 with decreasing of kidneys function testifies their input into development and progression of chronic kidneys disease.