[Transfer from paliperidone of one-month action to paliperidone of three-month action in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: clinical aspects, pharmacological strategies, therapeutic prediction]. / Perevod s paliperidona odnomesyachnogo deistviya na paliperidon trekhmesyachnogo deistviya pri rasstroistvakh shizofrenicheskogo spektra: klinicheskie aspekty, farmakologicheskie strategii, terapevticheskaya prediktsiya.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinical and therapeutic features of the transfer of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders from paliperidone palmitate of one-month action (PP-1M) to paliperidone of three-month action (PP-3M). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data on the psychopharmacological therapy regimens of 677 patients with verified diagnoses of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (F20, F21, F25) treated with PP-3M drugs after PP-1M therapy were studied. RESULTS: The study showed the high efficacy of ultra-long-acting paliperidone therapy in 82.2% of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The unfavorable dynamics of the mental state in patients when transferring from the drug PP-1M to PP-3M was 14.0%, the return to therapy with PP-1M or tablet forms was 3.8%. Successful management of patients on PP-3M was not associated with sex and age, but was correlated with some clinical and therapeutic indicators. The most successful therapy with PP-3M was noted with the earlier appointment of PP-3M mainly as monotherapy, provided the previous stable condition on shorter-acting paliperidone preparations (including tablet forms). Predictors of a favorable prognosis of PP-3M therapy are also diagnostic categories such as paranoid schizophrenia, episodic type of course with increasing or stable personality changes and pronounced affective disorders in the structure of the clinical picture of the disease. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate the high efficacy of PP-3M and its significant rehabilitation potential, which allows improving the quality of life and social functioning of patients, as well as optimizing the provision of psychiatric care to this contingent of patients, which is of particular importance in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic.

[Comorbidity of somatic diseases in psychiatric patients]. / Komorbidnye somaticheskie rasstroistva u patsientov s psikhicheskimi zabolevaniyami.

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of somatic diseases in patients with mental disorders based on the results of medical examination in Moscow mental health clinics in 2018. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the results of the clinical examinations of 6492 outpatients, which accounted for 79.5% of patients who underwent medical examination in this time period. RESULTS: Comorbid somatic diseases were found in 4883 (75%) patients. Hypertension and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were most frequent with the prevalence higher than in the general population of the Russian Federation. Patients with diagnosed schizophrenia, along with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, have found to be at increased risk of diseases of the endocrine system and metabolic disorders. The incidence of the mentioned diseases is not higher than that reported in literature. CONCLUSION: The higher prevalence of socially relevant diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus) among patients with mental disorders demands the development of strategies for prevention, early detection and treatment of these diseases in psychiatric patients.

[The role of obesity in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia].

The pathophysiological role of obesity as one of the most significant and actual metabolic non-infectious diseases and the key component of the metabolic syndrome based on results of modern epidemiological and clinical-experimental studies is discussed in the review. General information on the prevalence of obesity and its negative effect on the quality of life of men is presented. The endocrinology of adipose tissue and associated hormonal and metabolic disorders are discussed in more detail. The analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms explaining an influence of obesity on prostate metabolism, which leads to the initiation and progression of the benign prostatic hyperplasia, is carried out. Currently, there is a large body of evidence that obesity and benign prostatic hyperplasia have a lot of common interacting pathogenetic mechanisms. An opinion that, considering a global increase in the prevalence and severity of obesity in men and its negative effects on the prostate, treatment for obesity in men can be considered as an effective primary preventive measure, and in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia as an effective secondary preventive measure.

[Systematic approach in performing isolated and simultaneous operations in elderly patients with prostate adenoma].

AIM: To develop a scientifically based system for treating elderly patient with prostate adenoma (AP), aimed at reducing the incidence and severity of complications and mortality after isolated and simultaneous operations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1995 and 2015, 1170 elderly and older patients with prostate adenoma (PA) underwent isolated adenomectomy (AE) or transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or simultaneous operations (SO). Simultaneous interventions were performed in 335 (28.6%) patients. RESULTS: Immediate treatment results were significantly better in patients who underwent isolated TURP or TURP as a part of SO than that of those who had isolated AE or AE as a part of SO. SO was not associated with greater incidence of local or general postoperative complications and mortality compared with isolated AE or TURP. CONCLUSION: Continuous advancements in diagnostic and treatment methods contributed to a significant reduction in the incidence of postoperative complications and deaths in geriatric patients with PA. The study findings confirm the superiority of TURP over AE, as previously reported by other authors.

[Hematologic indices in different age wistar rats, receiving a balanced semi-synthetic vivary diet].

This paper presents the results of research of hematologic parameters of male Wistar rats 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 months age, which received a balanced semisynthetic diet. Studies were carried out at the Hematology analyzer Coulter AC TTM 5 diff OV (Beckman Coulter, USA) with the program, specially developed for the study of rats' blood. According to the results of research, was found a statistically significant increased of the number of red blood cells; the concentration of hemoglobin and hematocrit in animals 2-6 months compared with rats, 1 month age. With age, there is a decrease of the mean corpuscular volume and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin. The number of white blood cells in rats of 2-4 months age are significantly higher than in rats of 1 and 6 months age. The number of neutrophils and eosinophils in rats of to the 2 month are of is lover than once in rats of 1 month age, and increases values in animals of 6 months age. The number of lymphocytes has the highest value in the rat of 2-3 months age and the minimum value is that in animals of 6 months age. With increasing of the age of the animals the reduction of contents of monocytes was noted. The content of platelets and the platelet crit in the blood of rats 6 months age is statistically greater than those in 1-month age animals. The average volume of platelet is the stable index, with age does not change.

[Etiological and prognostic aspects of renal failure in patients with prostatic adenoma].

The aim of our study was to assess the causes of renal failure in patients with prostatic adenoma (PA) and outcomes after draining of the urinary bladder. A retrospective study comprised 239 PA patients with a serum creatinine level over 120 mcmol/l. Outcomes were assessed after 3-5 day and 2.5 month bladder draining. The Spearman test was used for statistical analysis. We found that age, prostate volume, PA growth pattern, urinary tract infection, concomitant pathology (arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis) do not correlate with a serum creatinine level. The presence of bilateral retention of the upper urinary tract was associated with a higher serum creatinine level. There is a significant correlation between lowering of a serum creatinine concentration after bladder draining and the level of upper urinary tract retention.

[Automatic decision support system in prognostication, diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of chronic prostatitis].

A great variety of subjective and objective disorders related with chronic prostatitis make difficulties in its diagnosis. The proposed principle of chronic prostatitis classification identifies 33 clinically significant variants of diagnosis by combination of classification grades. The system of fuzzy decisive rules for prediction and differential diagnosis of chronic prostatitis supports decision on the level 0.9 and higher. Use of energetic characteristics of diagnostically significant biologically active points raises quality of prognosis of the onset and exacerbation of chronic prostatitis and helps to select optimal schemes of acpuncture. Application of decision support systems for urological decision on prognosis, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of chronic prostatitis improves quality of medical aid and adequate management of patients with chronic prostatitis.

[Immunometabolic activity of fluoroquinolones immobilized into cell carriers in toxic lesion of the kidneys due to staphylococcal infection].

The study of immunomodulating, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of some fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin) immobilized into erythrocyte and leukocyte carriers was made on Wistar rats with body mass about 150-180 g. It is shown that toxic action on the kidneys of mercury dichloride, especially a combined action of mercury dichloride and staphylococcal infection, raised the levels of urea and creatinine, caused immunosuppression, activated hepatotoxic, cytolytic and oxidative processes, decreased antioxidant and energetic potentials of erythrocytes. Unbound fluoroquinolones intensified the above processes. Introduction of fluoroquinolones immobilized into erythrocyte and leukocyte carriers, respectively, decreased and normalized intensity of lipid peroxidation, cholestasis, cytolysis, improved and normalized immune system functions, antioxidant and energetic potentials of erythrocytes.

[Immunomodulating, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of immobilized forms of aminoglycoside antibiotics in toxic damage to the kidneys complicated with staphylococcal infection].

Investigation of the influence of aminoglycoside antibiotics included into erythrocytes and leukocytes on the development of immune response and intensity of oxidative and hepatotoxic processes in experimental kidney pathology complicated with staphylococcal infection was made on Wistar rats. Erythrocyte and leukocyte carriers of amikacin and gentamycin were obtained. Spectrophotometric assay of the immobilized antibiotics was developed. It is shown that introduction of the free antibiotics enhanced immunosuppression, pro-oxidant and hepatotoxic effects induced by introduction of mercury dichloride and staphylococcus while antibiotics in erythrocytic and leukocytic carriers stabilized and normalized parameters characterizing renal excretion activity, immune system function, energetic and oxidative processes in erythrocytes, cholestasis and cytolysis processes in toxic pathology of the kidneys combined with staphylococcal infection.

[Upgrading of clinicoimmunological effectiveness of combined treatment in patients with chronic prostatitis].

Our investigation of immune and cytokine status in patients with chronic prostatitis shows that basic treatment neither normalizes nor improves life quality in patients with chronic prostatitis. The addition of azoximer injections to basic treatment of chronic prostatitis improves or normalizes the majority of abnormal parameters of immune and cytokine status except neutrophil phagocyte activity, IL-1beta concentration in the blood serum, IL-6 and IL-1beta concentration in prostatic gland secretion. Chronic prostatitis treatment with azoximer injections in combination with LRS has positive immunological and clinical effects.