[Several parameters of the state of the nervous, immune and endocrine systems in newborn rats exposed to irradiation during the preimplantation period of embryogenesis]. / Nekotorye pokazateli sostoianiia nervnoi, immunnoi i éndokrinnoi sistem u novorozhdennykh krys, podvergshikhsia oblucheniiu v doimplantasionnyi period émbriogeneza.

Protracted prenatal irradiation of animals at the preimplantation stage of embryogenesis is shown to produce disturbances in the development of regulation systems, with their consequences persisting up to sexually mature period of postnatal life. Unknown before, these effects of preimplantation irradiation give the experimental confirmation to the main statement of the previously proposed theoretical concept of the "systemic teratogenesis": the ultimate effect of prenatal irradiation is a distortion of the structure of postnatal neuroimmunoendocrine regulation in the direction of overdevelopment of its endocrine component with the following coadaptive underdevelopment of the nervous and immune components.

[The role of a gastrin-like peptide in regulating the different stages in the feeding behavior of snails]. / Rol' gastrinopodobnogo peptida v reguliatsii razlichnykh étapov pishchevogo povedeniia vinogradnykh ulitok.

The role of gastrin-like peptides in a regulation of feeding behaviour was studied in a snail Helix lucorum. Sensory stimulation during 15 min carried out by a patch of clothes moistened by the carrot juice (pseudo-feeding) decreased the weight (by 25-50%) of eaten carrot and the duration of the food intake. Similar satiety effect was found after pentagastrin (380 ng) or cholecystokinin-octapeptide (560 ng) injection 20 min after the beginning of the food intake. Measurement of the gastrin-like immunoreactivity showed that the peptide levels in the meta-cerebral ganglia and the haemolymph were dependent on the stage of feeding behaviour. After pseudo-feeding the peptide levels in the ganglia and the haemolymph were significantly higher than those during feeding. Our results suggest the presence of a single gastrin/cholecystokinin-like peptide with feeding stage-dependent functional significance in Helix snails.

[The role of glucose in facilitating defensive reactions during feeding in the edible snail Helix lucorum]. / Rol' gliukozy v oblegcheniia oboronitel'nykh reaktsii vo vremia priema pishchi u vinogradnykh ulitok Helix lucorum.

The glucose role in a regulation of defense responses during feeding behaviour was studied in the snail Helix lucorum. It was found that 15-20 min after the beginning of the food intake the foot withdrawal response evoked by a train of electrical pulses was facilitated up to 20-30%. At the same time glucose concentration in the haemolymph increased from 0.5 +/- 0.1 mM in the starved molluscs to 0.9 +/- 0.5 mM in the snails at 20-25 min of eating. In the food satiated snails and 30-90 min after the food intake the glucose level in the haemolymph was 1.6 +/- 0.5 mM. It was shown that 0.5 ml glucose solution (5 mM) injected into the mantle cavity also facilitated the foot withdrawal defense response in the fastened snail, whereas injection of 2.5 mM or 10 mM glucose solutions were ineffective. These data support a supposition that glucose in one of the endogenous factors involved in regulation of defense behaviour during feeding in snails.

[Accumulation of ATP by plasma membrane preparations enriched by particles from hypophyseal cells under the effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone]. / Nakoplenie ATP preparatami obogashchennykh plazmaticheskimi membranami chastits iz kletok gipofiza pod vliianiem tireotropin-rilizing-gormona.

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, thyroliberin) is endogenous tripeptide, which is synthesized in hypothalamus and is responsible for multihormonal regulation of synthesis and secretion of hormones in the anterior lobe of the hypophysis. TRH is required as an obligatory factor stimulating the GH cell lines growing in cell culture. As indicated in previous studies activation of target cells (in response to effects of insulin, growth hormone, polypeptide factors of growing, mitogens, chemostimulators) followed by fast alterations in phosphorylation of membrane components which is realized via generation of "signal" ATP in plasmatic membranes. This type of ATP was synthesized within 1 min in the preparations of particles enriched with plasmatic membranes isolated from bovine hypophyses and washed in 0.25 M sucrose, if the particles were incubated in the mixture containing TRH 30-40 mg/ml, Tris-HCl buffer, rH 7.5, ADP-Na salt Mg2+, inorganic phosphate, NaF, under conditions of NADH oxidation in presence of cytochrome c and oxygen. Accumulation of TRH-stimulated ATP in plasmatic membranes was detected, after addition of the kinases inhibitor 5'-fluorosulfonyl benzyladenosine into the incubation mixture, in II large scale experiments. The rate of TRH-stimulated synthesis of ATP was dissimilar in various preparations of hypophyses and was equal to 0.21-11.6 nmol/min/mg of protein at 30 degrees Plasmatic membrane signal ATP appears to serve as a secondary "membrane messenger" for TRH during transfer of a signal and its acceleration from the TRH receptors along the cell surface to membrane effectors--kinases.