Study on anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of Xiaozhong-Zhitong granule extraction technology / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective In this paper, the extraction process of Xiaozhong-Zhitong granule (XZG) was investigated. Methods In Process 1, the Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen was extracted with other drugs, and in the process 2, the Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen was crushed and directly used as medicine. Rats were randomly divided into blank group, process 1 group, process 2 group and mixture group.The sample concentration of the process 1 group 1 for the stomach was 2.07 g/ml, and the sample concentration of the process 2 group 1 for the stomach was 1.06 g/ml, and the sample concentration of the mixture group for the stomach was 0.015 g/ml, and blank group gavaged equal volume saline. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of acetic acid writhing test, hot plate test, auricle swelling test and egg white-induced plantar swelling test were evaluated. Results Compared with the blank group after 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after administration, the average writhing number of the mice in the process group 1 and the process 2 group (35.50％ ± 8.06％, 35.00％ ± 7.63％vs. 47.00％ ± 1.45％) significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the auricular swelling degree (46.31％ ± 22.25％, 45.41％ ± 21.43％ vs. 73.89％ ± 15.55％) significantly decreased. And compared with the blank group after 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h after inflammation, the percentage of pain threshold in the first group and the second group increased (P<0.01). While there was no significant difference in the inhibition rate of paw swelling in each group (P>0.05). Conclusions The design of extraction process of XZG was reasonable; when treating swelling and pain, it was better to put the powder of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen in XZG.

Evaluation on Transdermal Absorption Properties and Efficacy of Huoxue Zhitong ;Cataplasm / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To study the effects of microemulsion/ethosomes on transdermal absorption properties and efficacy of Huoxue Zhitong Cataplasm. Methods The improved Franz diffusion cells were used for the in-vitro permeation experiment with rat skins as the barriers, which was used to evaluate the transdermal absorption properties. In the erxeriment, the contents of paeonol, eugenol and methyl salicylate were used as markers, and detected by ultra performance liquid chromatography to evaluate the transdermal absorption effects. The anti-inflammatory and analgesia activity were evaluated through the writhing plate experiments. Results The cumulative release rate of paeonol in Huoxue Zhitong Cataplasm, Microemulsion Huoxue Zhitong Cataplasm and Ethosomes Huoxue Zhitong Cataplasm were, in order, 65.30%, 61.30%and 60.20%in 24 h;eugenol were, in order, 51.08%, 54.71% and 55.66% in 24 h; methyl salicylate were, in order, 49.20%, 65.17% and 72.15% in 24 h. Furthermore, Microemulsion Huoxue Zhitong Cataplasm high-dose group and Ethosomes Huoxue Zhitong Cataplasm medium-dose group had good effects on reducing the inflammatory exudate of peritoneal capillary and capillary permeability (P<0.05) in animal models. Conclusion Huoxue Zhitong Cataplasm based on microemulsion/ethosomesnano-technology has good transdermal absorption properties and efficacy.

Study on Refining Water Extract ofBushen Yangxue Granules by Chitosan Flocculation / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To optimize refinement of water extract from Bushen Yangxue Granules by chitosan flocculation.Methods According to the content of icariin detected by HPLC, the waters amount, extraction time and extraction times were evaluated by orthogonal design. The effects of the solution concentration, clarifying temperature and the amount of clarifying agent on the flocculation clarification processes were optimized with the content of icariin and polysaccharides.Results The optimum water extraction processes A2B1C3 were follows: 10 times amount of water, three times extraction and 1 h for each extraction process. The optimized flocculation clarification processes A1B2C3 were as follows: solution concentration was 0.4 g/mL, the clarifying temperature was 40℃ and the addition of chitosan was 0.1%.Conclusion The optimized refining process is stable and feasible.

Research Progress of Artemisinins-based Antimalarial Agents / 中国中医药信息杂志

Artemisinin is the antimalarial active ingredient, which is discovered by Chinese scientists in 1970s. The chemical structure of artemisinin is modified or altered to obtain a series of analogues to satisfy the medication requirements. According to the physicochemical properties of medicines and actual clinical necessities, the preparations of artemisinins are developed and the common preparations include tablet, suppository, injection, etc.. With the developing of technology, researchers have conducted a large number of studies on the artemisinins nanoparticles injection, transdermal drug delivery systems, mucosal drug delivery systems and etc. This article systematically collected and discussed the recent studies on the antimalarial preparations of artemisinins in line with different administration routes.

Analysis on Composition Principles of Prescriptons for Shell of Gelatin Soft Capsule by Using Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Platform System / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To analyze the composing principles of the prescriptions for the shell of Gelatin Soft Capsule (GSP). Methods Totally 41 articles related to shell of GSP published on journals, dissertation and patent literatures in recent 10 years were used to analyze the composing principles for the shell of GSP by TCM Inheritance Platform System. Results The core combination was glycerin-gelatin-water, and the peripheral combinations ingredients included sorbitol, lemon yellow, titaniaum dioxide, iron oxide, PEG400 and ethylparaben, et al. Conclusion TCM Inheritance Platform System can be used for analyzing the composing principles of GSP.

Determination of Gallic Acid in Yuanhu Zhitong Soft Capsule by HPLC / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To establish the determination method of gallic acid in Yuanhu Zhitong Soft Capsule by HPLC. Methods Chromatography was performed on a Unitary C18 column (250 mm× 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at 254 nm. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of methanol and 0.5%phosphate acid (5∶95) at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Results The standard curve of linear relationship was 0.024 8-0.496 μg and r=0.999 9. The RSD of precision, repeatability and stability was 0.27%, 0.21%, 1.40%, respectively. The average recovery was 99.81%, RSD was 0.72%. Conclusion The established method was accurate and reliable for the determination of gallic acid in Yuanhu Zhitong Soft Capsule.

Comparative study on pharmacokinetics of six major alkaloids in Zuojin Wan microemulsion based gel and hydrogel / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the pharmcoknetic parameters of six major alkaloids in the two drug delivery system of Zuojin Wan, by LC-MS assaying the six major alkaloids plasma concentration.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The blood samples were collected at different time after transdermal administration. The plasma concentration of six major alkaloids were detected by LC-MS, then the concentration-time data are modulated by software WinNonlin.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Took the six alkaloids (berberine palmatine coptisine jateorhizine evodiamine rutecarpine) as index components, the relative bioavailability were 131%, 127%, 108%, 121%, 92%, 109%, respectively, the ratio of Ka were 10.5, 5.1, 3.7, 0.8, 1.8, 1.5, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The LC-MS can be applied in the determination of six major alkaloids plasma concentration. The pharmcoknetic parameters indicated that Zuojin Wan microemulsion gel delivery system can accelerate the transdermal absorption rate of Zuojin Wan, compared with the hydrogel drug delivery system.</p>

Study on vitro release and transdermal behaviors of Yulian cataplasm / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the regularity of Yulian Cataplasm in vitro release and transdermal behaviors.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Improved Franz diffusion devices was used with four index ingredients as evodiamine, rutaecarpine, palmatine and berberine that were determined by HPLC in one mobile phase.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The release rates of evodiamine, rutaecarpine, palmatine and berberine were 0.0239, 0.0156, 0.0725, 0.8191 mg x cm(-2) x h(-1/2), respectivley. The transdermal rates of evodiamine, rutaecarpine, palmatine and berberine were 1.256, 1.0302, 2.8029, 20.919 microg x cm(-2) x h(-1), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The releasing process of all index is in accordance with Higuchi equation and the transdermal proccess is in accordance with zero-level equation.</p>

Determination of evodiamine and rutaecarpine of compound Wuzhuyu cataplasm in plasma by SPE-HPLC: application to its pharmacokinetics / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a SPE-HPLC method for the determination and pharmacokinetic study of evodiamine and rutacarpine in rat plasma.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A Kromasil C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was used with acetonitrile-water-tetrahydrofuran-acetic acid (51:48:1:0.1) as a mobile phase and at a flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1), and the UV detection was at 225 nm. The column temperature was 35 degrees C. After the analytes were extracted from the plasma of rats by solid phase extraction (SPE), the content of evodiamine and rutaecarpine was measuared by HPLC method using halcinonide as an internal standard solution.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>After transdermal administration to rats, the pharmacokinetic behavior of evodiamine and rutaecarpine belongs to the one-compartment model. The main pharmacokinetic parameters was as follows: K(a) 0.224 h(-1) and 0.220 h(-1), K(e) 0.114 h(-1) and 0.118 h(-1), C(max) 0.211 mg x L(-1) and 0.272 mg x L(-1), T(peak) 6.132 h and 6.102 h, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method in this study is simple, rapid and sensitive. It is proved to be suitable for pharmacokinetic study of evodiamine and rutaecarpine.</p>

Optimization of cataplasm matrix with face-centered design-response surface method / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To optimize the matrix formulation of cataplasm.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Face-centered design was used in the experimental design, and response surface was produced in quadratic polynomial after data fitting in order to explore the impacts of Sodium Polyacrylate, Carbomer and the cross-linking agent on stickiness of cataplasm, optimize the prescription of the cataplasm matrix and perform the evaluation analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The multiple correlation coefficient (R2) and adjusted R2 in the fitting method using quadratic polynomial were 0.970 and 0. 952 (F = 53.953, P = 0.0001), respectively, and the model was significant different. The ratio of optimum proportion of Sodium Polyacrylate, Carbomer and the cross-linking agent in the matrix of cataplasm was determined, which was proved efficaciously.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Face-centered design-response surface method is a simple method with good prediction result for the optimization of cataplasm matrix.</p>