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1.
Am J Case Rep ; 23: e936326, 2022 Jul 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35844076

RESUMO

BACKGROUND Babesia species are intraerythrocytic parasitic protozoa that are endemic to the Northeast and north Midwest of the United States. Babesia microti is the most common cause of babesiosis in North America and causes a malaria-like tick-borne parasitosis. Babesia is commonly transmitted through the bite of Ixodes species ticks, often concomitantly with other tick-borne organisms such as Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia rickettsii, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. In the Midwest, Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne illness, and other organisms can sometimes be overlooked. The risk of tick-borne parasitic or bacterial infection is increased in patients after splenectomy. CASE REPORT An 89-year-old man with asplenia and multiple other comorbidities presented to the Emergency Department after a fall at home preceded by 2 to 3 days of fever and loss of appetite and 1 week of generalized weakness. The patient had thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis with neutrophilia, transaminitis, hyperbilirubinemia, and elevated creatine kinase level consistent with tick-borne illness. Laboratory testing revealed Borrelia and Babesia co-infection and other culprits were ruled out via high sensitivity PCR. Owing to the patient's asplenic status, the babesiosis was slow to resolve with appropriate treatment. After an extended 8-week treatment with azithromycin and atovaquone, the patient demonstrated clinical resolution of babesiosis with a negative blood smear. CONCLUSIONS First-line treatment with azithromycin and atovaquone is effective in treating babesiosis even in complicated patients, such as this elderly, asplenic patient. However, in cases such as this, an extended course of a first-line treatment regimen is still appropriate.


Assuntos
Babesia , Babesiose , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Atovaquona , Azitromicina , Babesiose/diagnóstico , Babesiose/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Parasitemia , Confiança , Estados Unidos
2.
J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis ; 24: 100244, 2021 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34036184

RESUMO

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is a collective name given to a group of more than 190 species of Mycobacterium. The clinical presentation for most NTM infections is non-specific, often resulting in delayed diagnosis. Further complicating matters is that NTM organisms can be difficult to isolate. Medications used to treat NTM infection can be difficult for patients to tolerate, and prolonged courses of anti-mycobacterial therapy are often required for adequate suppression or eradication. Herein, we review different NTM syndromes, appropriate diagnostic tests, and treatment regimens.

4.
Mayo Clin Proc ; 95(11): 2382-2394, 2020 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33153629

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of lenzilumab in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. METHODS: Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and risk factors for poor outcomes were treated with lenzilumab 600 mg intravenously for three doses through an emergency single-use investigational new drug application. Patient characteristics, clinical and laboratory outcomes, and adverse events were recorded. We also identified a cohort of patients matched to the lenzilumab patients for age, sex, and disease severity. Study dates were March 13, 2020, to June 18, 2020. All patients were followed through hospital discharge or death. RESULTS: Twelve patients were treated with lenzilumab; 27 patients comprised the matched control cohort (untreated). Clinical improvement, defined as improvement of at least 2 points on the 8-point ordinal clinical endpoints scale, was observed in 11 of 12 (91.7%) patients treated with lenzilumab and 22 of 27 (81.5%) untreated patients. The time to clinical improvement was significantly shorter for the lenzilumab-treated group compared with the untreated cohort with a median of 5 days versus 11 days (P=.006). Similarly, the proportion of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen<315 mm Hg) was significantly reduced over time when treated with lenzilumab compared with untreated (P<.001). Significant improvement in inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and interleukin 6) and markers of disease severity (absolute lymphocyte count) were observed in patients who received lenzilumab, but not in untreated patients. Cytokine analysis showed a reduction in inflammatory myeloid cells 2 days after lenzilumab treatment. There were no treatment-emergent adverse events attributable to lenzilumab. CONCLUSION: In high-risk COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor neutralization with lenzilumab was safe and associated with faster improvement in clinical outcomes, including oxygenation, and greater reductions in inflammatory markers compared with a matched control cohort of patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to validate these findings is ongoing (NCT04351152).


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/antagonistas & inibidores , SARS-CoV-2 , Idoso , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/metabolismo , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , Resultado do Tratamento
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