RESUMO
IMPORTANCE: Irrespective of the precise mechanisms leading to endometriosis, angiogenesis is essential for the establishment and long-term proliferation of the disease. As current surgical and medical management options for women with endometriosis have substantial drawbacks and limitations, novel agents are needed and molecules targeting the angiogenic cascade could serve as potential candidates. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to review current data about the role of angiogenesis in the pathophysiology of endometriosis and summarize the novel antiangiogenic agents that could be potentially used in clinical management of patients with endometriosis. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Original research and review articles were retrieved through a computerized literature search. RESULTS: Loss of balance between angiogenic activators and suppressors triggers the nonphysiological angiogenesis observed in endometriotic lesions. Several proangiogenic mediators have been identified and most of them have demonstrated increased concentrations in the peritoneal fluid and/or serum of women with endometriosis. Among the antiangiogenic molecules, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, dopamine agonists, romidepsin, and statins have shown the most promising results so far. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Given the limitations of current treatments of endometriosis, there is a need for novel, more efficient agents. Antiangiogenic molecules could be used potentially in clinical management of women with endometriosis; however, their safety and efficiency should be carefully assessed prior to that. Further large prospective trials in humans are needed before any treatment is introduced into daily clinical practice.
