A clinical investigation to assess the regenerative potential of Biostite® (hydroxyapatite, type-I collagen and chondroitin-sulphate) with or without Paroguide® type-I collagen and chondroitin sulphate) membrane in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects appraised with surgical re-entry and computer-assisted densitometric image analysis.

Background: The traditional treatment procedures which aimed at treating periodontal disease did not result in true periodontal regeneration. Unpredictability about osseous defect fill after periodontal flap surgery has stemmed in the research of a variety of regenerative materials. This randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare regenerative potential of Biostite® bone graft material with and without Paroguide® a bioresorbable membrane in the treatment of periodontal osseous defects. Materials and Methods: Twenty sites from a total of from ten patients were chosen for the study. Those sites were divided into experimental site A (Biostite®) and experimental site B (Biostite® with Paroguide®) at random. Plaque index and gingival index (GI) were the clinical parameters noted at baseline, 3rd, 6th and 9th months, whereas the probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level and gingival recession were noted at baseline, 6th and 9th months. Radiographic evaluation was made by using computer-assisted densitometric analysis. Intrasurgical measurements were done at baseline and 9 months. Statistical analysis was done using paired t-test and un-paired t-test. Results: Both experimental site A and B showed a significant reduction in plaque and GI. All clinical parameters as well as radiographic image analysis showed highly significant improvement from baseline to 9 months for both sites. Inter-group comparison does not show statistically significant improvement. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that both Biostite® bone graft and Paroguide® membrane have promised encouraging results in the management of periodontal intrabony defects, however, the groups did differed to each other statistically.

44-year journey of palatal connective tissue graft harvest: A narrative review.

Connective tissue graft (CTG) is considered the gold standard for soft-tissue correction and augmentation surgeries, but involves a secondary donor area and its associated complications. The techniques to harvest CTG have undergone a large number of modifications over a period of 44 years since the time it was introduced by Edel in 1974 to increase the width of keratinized gingiva. This review compiles all the techniques of graft harvest from the palate and their modifications which have been introduced in the last 44 years till date. This review is based on systematic reviews, comparative human studies, and case reports describing any new technique of graft harvest. Publications till April 2018 were selected and further reviewed. In addition, specific related journals and books were searched upon. In order to minimize the pain, bleeding, and morbidity associated with donor site, several researchers proposed harvesting of the connective tissue by means of different techniques, each precisely different from others in terms of design, incisions, and procedure of harvest. Although the latest techniques are minimally invasive with reduced incision lines, less compromised blood supply, accelerated healing, and no sloughing of the overlying flap, they are technique sensitive which requires higher expertise to execute.

Regenerative potential of subepithelial connective tissue graft in the treatment of periodontal infrabony defects.

BACKGROUND: Due to high prevalence and progression of infrabony defects lead to increase in the possibility of tooth loss. Various regenerative techniques such as guided tissue regeneration, bone grafts, and biomimetic agents have been proposed. Subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) is an autogenous membrane, which contains mesenchymal cells and has osteogenic, chondrogenic, and osteoblastic activities. The present study investigates the effective application of SCTG as an autogenous barrier membrane in the treatment of periodontal infrabony defect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients in the age group of 30-45 years suffering from chronic periodontitis with clinical and radiographic evidence of vertical defects were selected for the study. Clinical parameters evaluated were gingival index, plaque index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and gingival recession. These parameters were assessed at baseline, 6 and 9 months. Radiographic parameter (defect fill) was evaluated at baseline, 6, and 9 months postoperatively. Sites were treated with PERIOGLAS® and connective tissue graft. Statistical analysis was done using paired t-test. RESULTS: All the patients finished the study. A significant improvement was observed regarding clinical parameters from baseline to 9 months. The radiographic defect fill was seen in all the cases at the end of 9 months, which was statistically significant in comparison with baseline scores. CONCLUSION: SCTG could be effectively used as a barrier membrane for the treatment of periodontal infrabony defects.

Evaluation of various hematological parameters in patients with periodontitis after nonsurgical therapy at different intervals.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Chronic low-level bacteremia and a systemic inflammatory response have been suggested as a pathogenetic link between periodontal disease and atherosclerosis. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on various hematological parameters in patients with periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 periodontitis patients were selected for the study. Clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, and probing pocket depth were assessed. For each patient, venous blood sample were collected, and the estimation of total leukocyte count (TLC), differential leukocyte count, platelet count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was carried out. All the clinical and hematological parameters were measured at baseline, 1 week and 2 weeks after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. RESULTS: The study results showed that there was a statistically significant decrease in TLC, ESR, and platelet count at 1 week and 2 weeks following nonsurgical periodontal therapy. CONCLUSION: In this study, it has been concluded that there is a decrease in the hematological parameters after nonsurgical periodontal therapy, which may also reduce the risk of atherosclerosis formation in the blood vessel and possibly prevent cardiovascular diseases.

"Whisking of ugly tissue" A surgical management of gingival fibromatosis in a 15-year-old girl: A rare case report.

Gingival fibromatosis is a condition characterized by a slow, progressive increase in the gingival tissue that develops as either an isolated disorder or as part of the clinical characteristics of diverse syndrome. The present case report describes a rare case of gingival fibromatosis and its management using scalpel in combination with electrosurgery. A 15-year-old girl patient presented with a chief complaint of gingival overgrowth covering all the surfaces upper and lower teeth. The growth was excised with periodontal knife in combination with electrosurgery under local anesthesia. After 1-year of follow-up, healing was uneventful with no recurrence. Combined technique for the removal of gingival overgrowth represents a unique treatment approach where minimal postoperative bleeding and discomfort were observed.