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2.
Laryngoscope ; 104(7): 874-9, 1994 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8022252

RESUMO

Intraluminal combustion in polyvinyl chloride tracheal tubes was investigated. Two flame types were observed: intraluminal and downstream. The flame-spread velocity, burning rate, and equivalence ratio of the intraluminal flame were determined. The products of the intraluminal flame were analyzed, revealing compounds capable of further combustion. Below a certain oxidant flow rate, the tubes do not ignite. At low flow rates that support a flame, the burning rate is minimal and the equivalence ratio reveals no fuel available for the downstream flame, suggesting that ignition of tracheal tubes is least likely in the absence of intraluminal flow. We conclude that the downstream flame is the flame type that is most dangerous and that the intraluminal flame is the generator of fuel and ignition energy for the downstream flame.


Assuntos
Incêndios , Intubação Intratraqueal/efeitos adversos , Intubação Intratraqueal/instrumentação , Oxigênio , Cloreto de Polivinila , Cromatografia Gasosa , Falha de Equipamento , Teste de Materiais , Modelos Teóricos
3.
Anesthesiology ; 78(5): 875-9, 1993 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8489060

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: During laparoscopic surgery utilizing carbon dioxide as the insufflating agent, nitrous oxide will diffuse into the peritoneal cavity if it is used as part of the anesthetic. Bowel perforation and the subsequent release of volatile bowel gas could create a explosion hazard. METHODS: Two related studies were undertaken. The first quantified the transfer of nitrous oxide, over time, in 19 female patients undergoing laparoscopy. The second established the lower limits of flammability of a range of concentrations of methane and hydrogen diluted with nitrogen (simulated bowel gas) in a range of concentrations of nitrous oxide diluted with carbon dioxide (simulated peritoneal gas). RESULTS: The mean concentrations of N2O at 10, 20, and 30 min from the time of insufflation were 19.9 +/- 4.8%, 30.3 +/- 6.8%, and 36.1 +/- 6.9%, respectively. The maximum reported concentrations of methane and hydrogen in bowel gas are 56% and 69%, respectively. The concentration of nitrous oxide necessary to support combustion of 56% methane is approximately 47%. By contrast, the concentration of nitrous oxide needed to support combustion of 69% hydrogen is approximately 29%. CONCLUSIONS: The authors have shown that it is possible for nitrous oxide to reach concentrations in the peritoneal cavity that can support combustion of bowel gas.


Assuntos
Dióxido de Carbono/química , Laparoscopia , Óxido Nitroso/química , Adulto , Feminino , Gases/química , Humanos , Período Intraoperatório , Óxido Nitroso/efeitos adversos , Cavidade Peritoneal , Reto/metabolismo , Fatores de Risco
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