Ageism and nursing students, past or reality?: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to summarise and update existing knowledge about ageism among nursing students through the following research question: what is the perception and attitudes of ageism among student nurses? DESIGN: A systematic review of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of ageism in nursing students was carried out. DATA SOURCES: The literature search was conducted in the scientific databases Pubmed and Scopus in February 2021. REVIEW METHODS: After the screening process, 22 studies meeting the selection criteria were selected; 8 more were identified after manually searching the selected paper' reference lists. A total of 30 studies were included in the review. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklists for Analytical Cross-Sectional studies and for Cohort Studies were used to appraise the articles' quality. RESULTS: There was large variability in the manifestation of ageism among student nurses, as well as in the instruments used for assessment. Most of the articles analysed attitudes towards old age, the majority of which were positive. Being a female student, being on the final year of study and having regular contact or cohabitation with an older adult were three of the main determinants in the expression of positive attitudes towards the elderly. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that student nurses generally have positive attitudes towards old age, although ageist beliefs and discriminatory behaviours were identified and should be studied in greater depth. Training programs for future care professionals have a responsibility to educate from a non-stereotypical perspective based on current societal needs.

Frequency and phenotype of headache in covid-19: a study of 2194 patients.

To estimate the frequency of headache in patients with confirmed COVID-19 and characterize the phenotype of headache attributed to COVID-19, comparing patients depending on the need of hospitalization and sex, an observational study was done. We systematically screened all eligible patients from a reference population of 261,431 between March 8 (first case) and April 11, 2020. A physician administered a survey assessing demographic and clinical data and the phenotype of the headache. During the study period, 2194 patients out of the population at risk were diagnosed with COVID-19. Headache was described by 514/2194 patients (23.4%, 95% CI 21.7-25.3%), including 383/1614 (23.7%) outpatients and 131/580 (22.6%) inpatients. The headache phenotype was studied in detail in 458 patients (mean age, 51 years; 72% female; prior history of headache, 49%). Headache was the most frequent first symptom of COVID-19. Median headache onset was within 24 h, median duration was 7 days and persisted after 1 month in 13% of patients. Pain was bilateral (80%), predominantly frontal (71%), with pressing quality (75%), of severe intensity. Systemic symptoms were present in 98% of patients. Headache frequency and phenotype was similar in patients with and without need for hospitalization and when comparing male and female patients, being more intense in females.Trial registration: This study was supported by the Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), code 07.04.467804.74011 and Regional Health Administration, Gerencia Regional de Salud, Castilla y Leon (GRS: 2289/A/2020).

La comunicación enfermera con el paciente en situación terminal / Nurse communication with patients in terminal fase. bibliographic review

Introducción. La comunicación constituye una necesidad humana básica, y durante el proceso de terminalidad se considera una herramienta terapéutica fundamental. En el ámbito enfermero constituye un elemento definitorio de la calidad de los cuidados muy importante. Sin embargo, pese a considerarse los problemas comunicativos como la principal fuente de estrés en los profesionales sanitarios de Cuidados Paliativos, y ser la comunicación una de las necesidades más valoradas por los pacientes al final de sus días, en la actualidad la consecución de una comunicación eficaz con estos pacientes sigue siendo una meta a alcanzar. objetIvo. Realizar una revisión bibliográfica narrativa sobre los aspectos que la literatura considera más relevantes en el proceso de comunicación con el paciente en situación terminal, en el ámbito de la enfermería española. Metodología. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de los estudios publicados desde enero de 2006 hasta enero de 2016, en las bases de datos siguientes: DIALNET, PUBMED, IBECS, CUIDEN, SCIELO, ENFISPO, COCHRANE PLUS, IME, WEB OF SCIENCE, MEDES, LILACS, MEDLINE y SCOPUS, usando los descriptores "Cuidados paliativos", "Enfermería oncológica", "Terminal" y "Comunicación". Asimismo, se realizó una búsqueda manual de documentos extraídos de artículos principales, guías clínicas, manuales y libros. desarrollo. Finalmente se seleccionaron 26 documentos, generándose 4 categorías de análisis; comunicación eficaz, decir o no la verdad, la conspiración del silencio y formación en habilidades comunicativas. conclusIones. Este trabajo muestra los resultados hallados a través de una revisión narrativa y categoriza los temas más importantes de la comunicación con el paciente terminal en el ámbito enfermero

IntroductIon. Communication is a basic human need, and during the end-of-life stage it is considered a fundamental therapeutic tool. In the field of nursing, it is a defining element in the quality of care which is very important. It is one of the most valued needs for the patients at the end of their days, however the communicative problems are considered one of the main sources of stress by Palliative Care health professionals. Hence, the achievement of an effective communication with these patients remains as a goal to be achieved. objectIve. To perform a narrative bibliography review. Focusing on the aspects that the literature considers most relevant in the process of communication with the patient in terminal phase, in the scope of Spanish nursing. Methodology. A systematic search of the studies published from January 2006 to January 2016 was carried out in the following databases: DIALNET, PUBMED, IBECS, CUIDEN, SCIELO, ENFISPO, COCHRANE PLUS, IME, WEB OF SCIENCE, MEDES, LILACS, MEDLINE and SCOPUS, using the descriptors "Palliative care", "Nursing oncology", "Terminal" and "Communication". Also, a manual search of documents extracted from the main articles, clinical guides, manuals and books was carried out. Development. Finally, 26 documents were selected, generating 4 categories of analysis; Effective communication, truth-telling, conspiracy of silence, and communication skills training. conclusIons. This study shows the results found in the narrative review and categorizes the most important communication with the terminal-phase patient in the field of nursin

Asistir y castigar: nuevos usos de viejos dispositivos de gobierno / Attending and punish: new uses of old devices government

En el marco de la era progresista de gobierno, este artículo se propone discutir las orientaciones de algunas de las políticas dirigidas a la extrema pobreza en Uruguay. Se intenta dar cuenta de razones para considerar que algunas de ellas configuran una penalización creciente de la precariedad social. Las intervenciones actuales y las orientaciones que expresan, señalarían una sociedad con creciente hegemonía conservadora incluso en el discurso social de izquierda. Algunas de las preguntas que orientan nuestra reflexión son las siguientes: ¿es posible hablar de una forma de gobierno en nuestro país que, combina más estado social y más estado penal en el gobierno del precariado?, ¿cómo se combinan hoy, asistencia y control social y qué efectos socializadores tiene ese nuevo patrón? En síntesis, colocamos en debate cómo es alcanzada hoy, en nuestro país, la normalización de los pobres y en la búsqueda de qué objetivos (algunos aparentemente contrapuestos). Para ello, nos valemos de una mirada que prioriza el análisis de los problemas y sujetos que construyen dichas prácticas. Nuestro análisis se basa en aportes de Wacquant (2007, 2010), Topalov (2004) y Bauman (1998) entre otros, y el estudio de distintos planes y discursos gubernamentales.

This paper aims to discuss the guidance of some of the policies targeted to extreme poverty in the Uruguayan progressive government framework. It intends to consider that some of these policies characterize/illustrate/report an increasingly criminalization of social insecurity. Current interventions and the orientations they expresse, would point out the increasingly hegemony of a conservative society even in the leftist social discourse. The following are some of the questions that orientate our thoughts: is it possible to speak about a form of government, in our country, that combines more social state and more criminal state, in the government of precariat?, how do social assistance and social control combine today and which socializing effects this new pattern has? In short, we debate how our country actually reaches the standardization of the poor and the goals it pursuits (some apparently conflicting/contending). To achieve this debate, we use a perspective that prioritizes the analysis of issues and persons that build such practices. Our analysis is based in Wacquant (2007, 2010), Topalov (2004) and Bauman (1998) perspectives, among others, and the study of various plans and government speeches.