Propiedades psicométricas del 'Cuestionario de ansiedad estado-rasgo' (STAI) en universitarios / Psychometric properties of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) in college students

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar las propiedades métricas del 'Inventario de ansiedad estado-rasgo' (STAI) en universitarios españoles. La muestra final la formaron un total de 588 participantes (30,8% varones) con una edad media de 20,3 años (DT= 2,7). Los resultados mostraron que un porcentaje elevado de la muestra informó de algún síntoma de ansiedad relacionado con cansancio, preocupación, tristeza, angustia o nerviosismo. Las puntuaciones del STAI presentaron adecuadas propiedades psicométricas. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach para la puntuación total fue 0,93. El análisis de la estructura interna del cuestionario mediante un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales de tipo exploratorio arrojó una posible solución tridimensional o tetradimensional. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las puntuaciones medias de ansiedad rasgo en función del sexo y la edad. Estos resultados son similares a los encontrados en la literatura previa e indican que el STAI es un autoinforme sencillo, breve y útil para la valoración de la sintomatología ansiosa (AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) in Spanish college students. The final sample was composed of a total of 588 participants (30.8% male) with a mean age of 20.3 years (SD= 2.7). The results showed that a high percentage of the sample reported symptoms of anxiety related to fatigue, worry, sadness, distress or nervousness. The STAI showed good psychometric properties. Cronbach’s Alpha for the total score was 0.93. The analysis of the internal structure of the questionnaire by means of an exploratory structural equation modeling showed a possible three-dimensional or four-dimensional solution. Statistically significant differences were found in the mean scores of trait anxiety by gender and age. These results are similar to those found in previous literature, and indicate that the STAI is a brief and useful tool for the assessment of symptoms of anxiety

Phenotypic expression of schizotypal traits in an adolescent population.

The main goal of the present study was to examine the influence of gender and age in the phenotypic expression of schizotypal traits in a community sample of adolescents. The sample was composed of a total of 1,618 participants, 776 (48%) males, with a mean age of 15.9 years (SD = 1.2). The ESQUIZO-Q: Oviedo Schizotypy Assessment Questionnaire was used for the assessment of schizotypal traits, a measure specifically developed for its use in adolescents. The results showed that gender and age were two sociodemographical variables that influenced the expression of schizotypal features. The males in the study obtained higher mean scores than the females in the Negative dimension (Physical and Social Anhedonia); however, the females obtained higher mean scores in Magical Thinking, Lack of Close Friends, and Social Disorganization. With regard to age, the younger adolescents had lower scores in Odd Thinking and Language, Lack of Close Friends, Excessive Social Anxiety, and Social Disorganization compared to the older adolescents. This differential pattern is similar to the one found in patients with schizophrenia and in nonclinical young adults, and these findings improve our understanding about the phenotypic expression of schizotypy during adolescence.

Reliability and sources of validity evidence of the Oviedo Schizotypy Assessment Questionnaire-Abbreviated (ESQUIZO-Q-A).

The main goal of this research was to examine the reliability and different sources of validity evidence of the Oviedo Schizotypy Assessment Questionnaire-Abbreviated (ESQUIZO-Q-A) in nonclinical adolescents. The final sample was made up of 1,455 participants, 705 males (48.5%), with a mean age of 15.92 years (SD = 1.18). The internal consistency of the subscales ranged from .62 to .75. The analysis of its internal structure yielded a three-dimensional solution based on the dimensions: Reality Distortion, Anhedonia, and Interpersonal Disorganization. Likewise, the goodness-of-fit indices derived from the Confirmatory Factor Analysis for the hypothesized three-factor model were adequate. The three dimensions of the ESQUIZO-Q-A were significantly correlated with the subscales of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The ESQUIZO-Q is a brief and simple self-report with adequate psychometric properties for the assessment of schizotypal traits in nonclinical adolescent populations. Future research should continue to explore the metric quality of the ESQUIZO-Q-A (e.g., sensitivity and specificity) and incorporate the new advances in psychological and educational assessment such as Computerized Adaptive Testing.

Reliability and sources of validity evidence of the Oviedo Schizotypy Assessment Questionnaire-Abbreviated (ESQUIZO-Q-A)

The main goal of this research was to examine the reliability and different sources of validity evidence of the Oviedo Schizotypy Assessment Questionnaire-Abbreviated (ESQUIZO-Q-A) in nonclinical adolescents. The final sample was made up of 1,455 participants, 705 males (48.5%), with a mean age of 15.92 years (SD = 1.18). The internal consistency of the subscales ranged from .62 to .75. The analysis of its internal structure yielded a three-dimensional solution based on the dimensions: Reality Distortion, Anhedonia, and Interpersonal Disorganization. Likewise, the goodness-of-fit indices derived from the Confirmatory Factor Analysis for the hypothesized three-factor model were adequate. The three dimensions of the ESQUIZO-Q-A were significantly correlated with the subscales of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The ESQUIZO-Q is a brief and simple self-report with adequate psychometric properties for the assessment of schizotypal traits in nonclinical adolescent populations. Future research should continue to explore the metric quality of the ESQUIZO-Q-A (e.g., sensitivity and specificity) and incorporate the new advances in psychological and educational assessment such as Computerized Adaptive Testing (AU)

El principal objetivo de esta investigación fue examinar la fiabilidad y la obtención de diferentes evidencias de validez del Cuestionario Oviedo para la Evaluación de la Esquizotipia-Abreviado (ESQUIZO-Q-A) en adolescentes no clínicos. La muestra final la formaron un total de 1455 participantes, 705 varones, con una edad media de 15,92 años (DT = 1,18). Los niveles de consistencia interna para las subescalas del ESQUIZO-Q-A oscilaron entre 0,62 y 0,75. El análisis de la estructura interna arrojó una solución tridimensional concretada en las dimensiones: Distorsión de la Realidad, Anhedonia y Desorganización Interpersonal. Asimismo, los índices de bondad de ajuste derivados del análisis factorial confirmatorio para el modelo tridimensional hipotetizado fueron adecuados. Las tres dimensiones del ESQUIZO-Q-A correlacionaron significativamente con las subesalas del Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. El ESQUIZO-Q-A es un autoinforme breve y sencillo con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para la valoración de los rasgos esquizotípicos en población no clínica. Futuras investigaciones deberían continuar examinando la calidad métrica del ESQUIZO-Q-A (p. ej., sensibilidad y especificidad) e incorporar los nuevos avances en la evaluación psicológica y educativa como los tests adaptativos computerizados (AU)

Relationship between schizotypal and borderline traits in college students.

The main objective of the present investigation was to analyze the relationship between self-reported schizotypal and borderline personality traits in a sample of 759 college students (M = 19.63 years; SD = 2.03). For this purpose, the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B; Raine and Benishay, 1995) and Borderline Personality Questionnaire (BPQ; Poreh et al., 2006) were administered. The results showed that schizotypal and borderline features are partially related at subclinical level. The exploratory factor analysis conducted on the subscales revealed a three-factor solution comprised of the following factors: Identity/Interpersonal, Lack of Control and Schizotypal. The canonical correlation analysis showed that schizotypal features and borderline personality traits shared 34.8% of the variance. The data highlight the overlap between schizotypal and borderline personality traits in nonclinical young adults. Future studies should continue to examine the relationship and the degree of overlap between these traits in community samples.

Relationship between schizotypal and borderline traits in college students

The main objective of the present investigation was to analyze the relationship between selfreported schizotypal and borderline personality traits in a sample of 759 college students (M = 19.63 years; SD = 2.03). For this purpose, the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQB; Raine and Benishay, 1995) and Borderline Personality Questionnaire (BPQ; Poreh et al., 2006) were administered. The results showed that schizotypal and borderline features are partially related at subclinical level. The exploratory factor analysis conducted on the subscales revealed a three-factor solution comprised of the following factors: Identity/Interpersonal, Lack of Control and Schizotypal. The canonical correlation analysis showed that schizotypal features and borderline personality traits shared 34.8 % of the variance. The data highlight the overlap between schizotypal and borderline personality traits in nonclinical young adults. Future studies should continue to examine the relationship and the degree of overlap between these traits in community samples (AU)

El principal objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el grado de asociación entre los rasgos de la personalidad esquizotípica y de la personalidad borderline en una muestra de 759 estudiantes universitarios (M = 19,63 años; DT = 2,03). Para este propósito el Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B; Raine and Benishay, 1995) y el Borderline Personality Questionnaire (BPQ; Poreh et al., 2006) fueron administrados. Los resultados mostraron que los rasgos esquizotípicos y borderline de la personalidad se encontraban parcialmente asociados a nivel subclínico. El análisis factorial exploratorio llevado a cabo a partir de las subescalas de ambos autoinformes reveló una solución factorial tridimensional concretada en los factores: Identidad/Interpersonal, Falta de control y Esquizotípico. El análisis de correlación canónica mostró que los rasgos esquizotípicos y borderline de la personalidad compartían el 34,8% de la varianza total. Los datos destacan la superposición entre la personalidad esquizotípica y la personalidad borderline en jóvenes adultos. Futuros estudios deberían continuar examinando la relación y el grado de superposición entre este conjunto de rasgos de la personalidad en muestras comunitarias (AU)

Dimensional structure and measurement invariance of the youth self-report across gender and age.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present work was to examine the correlated eight-syndrome model of the Youth Self-Report (YSR) proposed by Ivanova et al [1], using a confirmatory factor analysis for ordinal data. Likewise, we explored the measurement invariance of the YSR across gender and age using multigroup comparisons, and checked whether there were differences in the latent means. METHODS: The sample was made up of 4,868 nonclinical adolescents (47.6% males), with a mean age of 14.6 years (SD = 1.6). RESULTS: The correlated eight-syndrome model proposed by Ivanova et al [1] showed a reasonable fit to the data, both for the total sample and by participants' gender and age. Moreover, the factor-equivalence analysis showed that the hypothesized dimensional model was invariant across gender and age. Statistically significant differences were found when comparing latent means between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results coincide with those found in the literature and are in support of the replicability, generalizability, and consistency of the eight-syndrome model of the YSR, as well as its measurement invariance across gender and age. Future studies should explore the measurement invariance of this model through multigroup comparisons across cultures.

Exploring the relationship between coping strategies and binge eating in nonclinical adolescents.

The aims of the study were to determine the rate of binge eating and examine the relationship between binge eating and coping in nonclinical adolescents. A total of 1913 adolescents completed the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh, the Adolescent Coping Scale (ACS), the Youth Self-Report and additional questions regarding the binge-eating episodes. Of the total sample, 6.94% reported bingeing in the last 6 months. The adolescents who binge eat reported a more frequent use of Intropunitive avoidance and Introversion and a less frequent use of Positive-effortful coping compared with those who do not binge eat. However, when the effects of age and depression were controlled in the analysis, the groups only differed in the Positive and Intropunitive avoidance dimensions of coping. Training adolescents on how to cope with stress in a more constructive manner may be a possible strategy for the prevention of maladaptive eating patterns in adolescents.

Expresión fenotípica de la esquizotipia en función del género y la edad en población general adolescente / Phenotypic expression of schizotypy as a function of gender and age in the general adolescent population

El principal objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar la influencia del género y la edad en la expresión fenotípica de la esquizotipia en dos muestras representativas de adolescentes españoles. La primera muestra la formaron un total de 1618 participantes (M = 15.9 años; DT = 1.2) y la segunda la formaron 1455 adolescentes (M =15.9 años, DT = 1.2). Para la evaluación de los rasgos esquizotípicos se utilizó el ESQUIZO-Q-A: Cuestionario Oviedo para la Evaluación de la Esquizotipia-Abreviado (Fonseca-Pedrero et al., 2010). El género y la edad son dos variables sociodemográficas que influyeron en la expresión de los rasgos esquizotípicos en población adolescente. En relación con el género, en la primera muestra, los varones obtuvieron mayores puntuaciones medias que las mujeres en la dimensión Negativa; en cambio, las mujeres obtuvieron mayores puntuaciones en Desorganización Interpersonal. En la segunda muestra, los varones obtuvieron mayores puntuaciones medias que las mujeres en las dimensiones Negativa y Distorsión de la Realidad. En relación con la edad, en la primera muestra, los adolescentes de más edad puntuaron más alto en Desorganización Interpersonal, en comparación con los de menor edad. En la segunda muestra, los adolescentes más jóvenes puntuarón más alto en comparación con los de mayor edad en la dimensión Negativa. En todos los casos los tamaños del efecto entroncados fueron insignificantes (excepto para la dimensión Negativa). En convergencia con la literatura previa, este patrón diferencial es similar al hallado en pacientes con esquizofrenia y en adultos no clínicos, y su hallazgo mejora nuestra comprensión acerca de la expresión fenotípica de la esquizotipia durante este periodo evolutivo (AU)

The main objective of the present study was to examine the influence of gender and age in the phenotypic expression of schizotypy in two representative samples of Spanish adolescents. The first sample was composed of a total of 1,618 participants (M = 15.9 years; SD = 1.2) and the second sample was composed of 1,455 adolescents (M =15.9 years, SD = 1.2). The ESQUIZO-Q: Cuestionario Oviedo para la Evaluación de la Esquizotipia-Abreviado (The Oviedo Schizotypy Assessment Questionnaire-Brief) (Fonseca-Pedrero et al., 2010) was used for the assessment of schizotypal traits. Gender and age were found to be two sociodemographical variables that influenced the expression of schizotypal traits in adolescents. In regard to gender, the males in the first sample obtained higher mean scores than the females in the Negative dimension; however, the females obtained higher mean scores in Social Disorganization. In the second sample, the males obtained higher mean scores than the females in the Negative and the Reality Distortion dimensions. In regard to age, in the first sample, the younger adolescents scored higher in Social Disorganization compared to the older adolescents. In the second sample, the younger adolescents obtained higher scores than the older adolescents in the Negative dimension. In all cases the effect sizes were small (except Negative). In convergence with the previous literature, this differential pattern is similar to that found in patients with schizophrenia and in nonclinical adults, and contributes to our comprehension of the phenotypic expression of schizotypy during this developmental period (AU)

Borderline personality traits in nonclinical young adults.

The main purpose of this study was to explore the dimensionality of the borderline personality disorder in nonclinical young adults by means of the Borderline Personality Questionnaire (BPQ; Poreh et al., 2006). We also studied the phenotypic expression of the borderline personality traits as a function of participants' gender and age, and the relationship between BPQ subscales and measures of depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, hallucinatory predisposition, and paranoid ideation. The sample comprised 809 young adults, 562 (69.5%) were women, with a mean age of 20.2 years (SD = 2.9). The results indicate that the BPQ self-report has adequate psychometric properties. The levels of internal consistency for the BPQ subscales ranged between .78 and .93. Analysis of the internal structure of the BPQ subscales yielded a one-dimensional solution. In contrast, second-order principal components analysis at the item level yielded a five-dimensional solution. Likewise, statistically significant differences in the mean scores of the borderline personality traits as a function of participants' gender and age were found. The BPQ subscales correlated significantly with measures of depression, anxiety, stress, paranoid ideation, and hallucinatory predisposition. These results help to improve our understanding of the dimensional structure of the borderline personality in the general population. Future research should continue to identify participants who are at risk for the development of borderline personality disorder and facilitating the development of early detection and prevention programs.

Instrumentos de medida para la evaluacióndel fenotipo psicótico / No disponible

El propósito fundamental de este trabajo fue llevar a cabo una revisión de los principales instrumentos de medida disponibles para la evaluación del fenotipo psicótico en población general. Esta revisión viene a cubrir una limitación en el campo de la evaluación de los síntomas psicóticos atenuados en nuestro país y ofrece al profesional de la psicología un conjunto de herramientas interesantes para su utilización en el quehacer diario. Los resultados mostraron que los autoinformes analizados presentan un correcto comportamiento psicométrico, siendo de utilidad para examinar los síntomas psicóticos atenuados en muestras de la población española, así como para la detección precoz de personas con vulnerabilidad latente a la psicosis. Futuros estudios deberían seguir examinando las propiedades métricas de este conjunto de autoinformes en estudios longitudinales, así como llevar a cabo estudios multicéntricos de carácter nacional, con la finalidad última de mejorar la detección y la prevención de individuos de riesgo de síndrome psicótico (AU)

The main purpose of this paper is to offer a review of the principle measurement instruments for the assessment of the psychotic phenotypein the Spanish general population. This review covers a limitation present in the field of the assessment of psychotic-like symptoms in our territory and offers the psychology professional a group of interesting tools for their use in daily practice. The results showed that the analyzed self-reports presented adequate psychometric behavior being useful for the examination of psychotic-like symptoms in Spanish samples as well as the early detection of participants who present latent vulnerability for psychosis. Future studies should continue examining the psychometric properties of this group of self-reports, mainly in longitudinal studies, as well as conducting national multicentric studies with the aim of improving the detection and prevention of individuals at risk of psychotic disorder (AU)

Measurement invariance of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief across gender and age.

The purpose of this study was to examine the dimensional structure and measurement invariance of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B) (Raine and Benishay, 1995) across sex and age in a representative sample of nonclinical adolescents and young adults. The sample consisted of 1789 adolescents and young adults (42.1% males), with a mean age of 17.1years (S.D.=2.9). The results indicated that the Likert version of the SPQ-B showed adequate psychometric properties (α total score 0.89). The schizotypal personality models that presented the best fit indices were Raine et al.'s (1994) three-factor model and Stefanis et al.'s (2004) four-factor model. In addition, the results support the measurement invariance of the SPQ-B across sex and age. When the latent means of the schizotypal dimensions were compared across sex and age, statistically significant differences were found. Consistent with previous literature, schizotypal personality is a multidimensional construct whose structure appears invariant across sex and age. Future studies should examine the invariance of schizotypal personality across cultures, as well as using the SPQ-B as a screening method in the general population to detect individuals at risk for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, given its rapid and easy administration.

Síntomas psicóticos subclínicos en población general adolescente / Psychotic-like experiences in the adolescent general population

Objetivo. El principal propósito de este trabajo fue analizarla distribución de los síntomas psicóticos atenuados en población adolescente no clínica. Así mismo, se profundizó en el papel que desempeñan el sexo y la edad en la expresión fenotípica de dichas experiencias. Método. En el estudio participaron un total de 1.438 adolescentes, 691 (48,1 %) varones, con una edad media de 15,9 años (DT = 1,2). Resultados. Los resultados mostraron que los síntomas psicóticos subclínicos son un fenómeno bastante común dentro de este grupo de edad. El 43% de la muestra informó de algún síntoma relacionado con el pensamiento mágico, la ideación referencial y/o las experiencias delirantes o alucinatorias. El 8,9% refirió 4 o más experiencias psicóticas subclínicas. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función del sexo en ideación referencial e ideación paranoide, en cambio no se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función de la edad. Conclusión. Estos resultados son convergentes con los datos encontrados en la literatura previa y tienen claras implicaciones de cara a la comprensión de este fenómeno psicológico dentro de los modelos de psicopatología del desarrollo, así como en lo relativo al establecimiento de programas de prevención y detección temprana en este sector de la población (AU)

Objective. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the distribution of psychotic-like experiences in nonclinical adolescents. Likewise, we studied in depth the role of gender and age in phenotypal expression of these symptoms. Method. A total of 1438 adolescents entered the study, 691 (48.1%) were men, with a mean age of 15.9years (SD = 1.2). Results. The results indicated that attenuated psychotic symptoms are a very common phenomenon in this age group, since 43% of the sample reported symptoms belonging to magical thinking, ideas of reference, and/or delusion or hallucination experiences, and 8.9% reported 4 or more psychotic-like experiences. Statistical significant differences were found in ideas of reference and paranoid ideation between genders, but not among age groups. Conclusion. Our results coincide with those found in previous studies and have clear implications for a better understanding of these psychological phenomena in the framework of developmental psychopathology, and for the implementation of early detection and prevention programs in the population sector (AU)

Psychotic-like experiences in the adolescent general population.

OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of this study was to analyze the distribution of psychotic-like experiences in nonclinical adolescents. Likewise, we studied in depth the role of gender and age in phenotypal expression of these symptoms. METHOD: A total of 1438 adolescents entered the study, 691 (48.1%) were men, with a mean age of 15.9 years (SD = 1.2). RESULTS: The results indicated that attenuated psychotic symptoms are a very common phenomenon in this age group, since 43% of the sample reported symptoms belonging to magical thinking, ideas of reference, and/or delusion or hallucination experiences, and 8.9% reported 4 or more psychotic-like experiences. Statistical significant differences were found in ideas of reference and paranoid ideation between genders, but not among age groups. CONCLUSION: Our results coincide with those found in previous studies and have clear implications for a better understanding of these psychological phenomena in the framework of developmental psychopathology, and for the implementation of early detection and prevention programs in the population sector.

Early psychopathological features in Spanish adolescents / Rasgos psicopatológicos tempranos en adolescentes españoles

Schizotypal experiences and depressive symptoms are quite common among adolescents, and have been considered as risk markers for schizophrenia-spectrum and mood disorders. The main goal of the present study was to analyze the relationship between schizotypal experiences and depressive symptoms in a community sample of non-clinical adolescents. The sample comprised a total of 1653 participants, 794 male (48%), with an average age of 15.94 years (SD = 1.23). Results showed that schizotypal traits and depressive symptoms were closely related at a subclinical level. Canonical correlation analysis indicated that the two sets of variables shared approximately 48% of the variance. The study of the dimensionality underlying the subscales of the self-reports revealed the presence of three components, namely: Depressive, Anhedonia and Reality Distortion. These results are convergent with previous studies conducted in both clinical and non-clinical samples, indicating overlap between schizotypal experiences and depressive symptoms (AU)

Las experiencias esquizotípicas y la sintomatología depresiva son fenómenos psicológicos comunes entre la población adolescente, y han sido considerados como marcadores de riesgo para los trastornos del espectro esquizofrénico y los trastornos del estado de ánimo. El principal objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre las experiencias esquizotípicas y la severidad de la sintomatología depresiva autoinformada en una muestra comunitaria de adolescentes. La muestra la conformaron un total de 1.653 participantes, 794 varones (48%), con una edad media de 15,94 años (DT= 1,23). Los resultados mostraron que los rasgos esquizotípicos y los síntomas depresivos se encontraron estrechamente relacionados a nivel subclínico. El análisis de correlación canónica indicó que ambos conjuntos de variables compartían aproximadamente el 48% de la varianza. El estudio de la dimensionalidad subyacente a las subescalas de los autoinformes reveló la presencia de tres componentes, a saber: Depresivo, Anhedonia y Distorsión de la Realidad. Estos resultados son convergentes con los estudios previos llevados a cabo tanto en muestras clínicas como no clínicas, indicando el solapamiento entre ambas entidades (AU)

Early psychopathological features in Spanish adolescents.

Schizotypal experiences and depressive symptoms are quite common among adolescents, and have been considered as risk markers for schizophrenia-spectrum and mood disorders. The main goal of the present study was to analyze the relationship between schizotypal experiences and depressive symptoms in a community sample of non-clinical adolescents. The sample comprised a total of 1653 participants, 794 male (48%), with an average age of 15.94 years (SD = 1.23). Results showed that schizotypal traits and depressive symptoms were closely related at a subclinical level. Canonical correlation analysis indicated that the two sets of variables shared approximately 48% of the variance. The study of the dimensionality underlying the subscales of the self-reports revealed the presence of three components, namely: Depressive, Anhedonia and Reality Distortion. These results are convergent with previous studies conducted in both clinical and non-clinical samples, indicating overlap between schizotypal experiences and depressive symptoms.

Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales across gender and age

The Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales are among the most widely used instruments for the assessment of psychosis proneness. The main goal of the present work was to study the dimensional structure underlying the Revised Physical Anhedonia Scale (RPhA), the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (RSAS), the Magical Ideation Scale (MIS) and the Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS). It was also explored whether the dimensions underlying these scales were invariant across gender and age. The sample was made up of 710 university students with a mean age of 19.8 years (SD = 1.9). The results showed that the dimensional structure of the Wisconsin scales was similar to that found in previous studies, displaying a Positive dimension and a Negative dimension, the Social Anhedonia Scale being related to both dimensions. Moreover, the factor structure of the schizotypy scales was found to be invariant across participants’ gender and age (AU)

Las escalas de esquizotipia de Wisconsin son unos de los instrumentos de medida más utilizados para la evaluación de la propensión a la psicosis. El principal objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar la estructura dimensional subyacente a la Revised Physical Anhedonia Scale (RPhA), la Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (RSAS), la Magical Ideation Scale (MIS) y la Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS). Asimismo, también se exploró si las dimensiones de la esquizotipia se mostraban invariantes en función del sexo y la edad de los participantes. La muestra final la formaron 710 universitarios con una media de edad de 19,8 años (DT = 1.9). Los resultados mostraron que la estructura dimensional de las escalas de Wisconsin fue similar a la encontrada en estudios previos, mostrando una dimensión Positiva y una dimensión Negativa de la esquizotipia, en donde la faceta anhedonia social se relacionaba con ambas dimensiones. Más aun, la estructura factorial de las escalas de esquizotipia se mostró invariante en función del sexo y la edad de los participantes (AU)

Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Wisconsin Schizotypy scales across gender and age.

The Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales are among the most widely used instruments for the assessment of psychosis proneness. The main goal of the present work was to study the dimensional structure underlying the Revised Physical Anhedonia Scale (RPhA), the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (RSAS), the Magical Ideation Scale (MIS) and the Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS). It was also explored whether the dimensions underlying these scales were invariant across gender and age. The sample was made up of 710 university students with a mean age of 19.8 years (SD = 1.9). The results showed that the dimensional structure of the Wisconsin scales was similar to that found in previous studies, displaying a Positive dimension and a Negative dimension, the Social Anhedonia Scale being related to both dimensions. Moreover, the factor structure of the schizotypy scales was found to be invariant across participants' gender and age.

Dimensionalidad de la predisposición alucinatoria: Análisis facto-rial confirmatorio de la Escala Launay-Slade Hallucination – revisada en estudiantes universitarios / Dimensionality of hallucinatory predisposition: Confirmatory factor analysis of the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale-revised in college students

La predisposición alucinatoria, medida a través de la Escala de Alucinaciones de Launay-Slade-Revisada (LSHS-R) (Bentall y Slade, 1985), constituye un constructo multidimensional, si bien su estructura factorial no se encuentra todavía bien establecida. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la estructura dimensional de la predisposición alucinatoria en población no-clínica. La muestra la formaron 807 adultos jóvenes, 562 mujeres (63,3%), con una edad media de 20,19 (DT = 2,98). Los resultados mostraron que la LSHS-R presentó un adecuado comportamiento psicométrico. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach ascendió a 0,90. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios realizados indicaron que el modelo tridimensional de Waters et al. (2003) y el modelo tetradimensional de Levitan et al. (1996) fueron los que mejor se ajustaron a los datos en comparación con los modelos alternativos propuestos. Estos datos confirman la naturaleza multidimensional de la predisposición alucinatoria medida a partir de la LSHS-R. Futuros estudios deberían seguir investigando las dimensiones subyacentes a la LSHS-R en poblaciones clínicas y no-clínicas, así como examinar su invarianza a través del sexo y la edad de los participantes (AU)

Hallucinatory predisposition, as measured by the Launay-Slade Hallucination scale-revised (LSHS-R) (Bentall & Slade, 1985), is a multi-dimensional construct, although its factor structure is not yet well established. The purpose of this work was to analyze the dimensional structure of hallucinatory predisposition in nonclinical population. The sample comprised 807 young adults, 562 female (63.3%), with a mean age of 20.19 (SD = 2.98). The results showed that the LSHS-R presented adequate psychometric properties. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient reached 0.90. The confirmatory factor analyses conducted indicated that Waters et al. ‘s (2003) three-factor model and Levitan et al.‘s (1996) four-factor model were those that showed the best fit to the data in comparison to the alter-native proposed models. These data confirm the multidimensional nature of hallucinatory predisposition as measured by the LSHS-R. Future studies should continue to investigate the dimensions underlying the LSHS-R in clinical and nonclinical populations and examine its invariance across participants’ gender and age (AU)

Evaluación de las creencias obsesivas en adolescentes / The assessment of obsessive beliefs in adolescents

The purpose of this paper was to study the psychometric properties of the Obsessional Beliefs Questionnaire-44 (OBQ-44) in nonclinical adolescents. Additionally, the factorial structure of obsessive cognitions and its relationship with obsessive-compulsive symptoms were also analysed. A sample of 508 adolescents was used, 49% of them being boys. The age range was 12-19, with a mean age of 14.9 (SD= 1.6). The results indicated that the OBQ-44 has good psychometric properties. The internal consistency of the subscales ranged from 0.77 to 0.86. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that both the three-factor (Responsibility/Threat estimation, Importance/Control of thoughts and Perfectionism/Certainty) and the four-factor (Importance/Control of thoughts, Responsibility, Perfectionism/Certainty, and Threat estimation) models showed an adequate fit to the data. Likewise, a statistically significant correlation was observed between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and obsessive beliefs. Consistent with previous literature, obsessive cognitions presented a multifactorial structure and were found to be associated to obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Hence, the OBQ-44 can be considered an adequate measurement instrument for the assessment of dysfunctional beliefs in nonclinical populations (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar las propiedades psicométricas del Obsessional Beliefs Questionnaire-44 (OBQ-44) en adolescentes no clínicos. Se investigó la estructura factorial de las cogniciones obsesivas y su relación con los síntomas obsesivo-compulsivos en una muestra incidental de 508 participantes. Las edades oscilaron entre 12 y 19 años, con edad media de 14,9 años (DT= 1,6). Los resultados indicaron que el OBQ-44 presentó propiedades psicométricas adecuadas. La consistencia interna de las subescalas osciló entre 0,77 y 0,86. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios llevados a cabo indicaron que tanto el modelo tridimensional (Responsabilidad/Sobrestimación del peligro, Importancia/Control de los pensamientos y Perfeccionismo/Certeza), como el modelo tetradimensional (Importancia/Control de los pensamientos, Responsabilidad, Perfeccionismo/Incertidumbre y Sobreestimación del peligro), mostraron un adecuado ajuste a los datos. Asimismo, los síntomas obsesivo-compulsivos se relacionaron de forma estadísticamente significativa con las creencias obsesivas disfuncionales. En consonancia con la literatura previa, las cogniciones obsesivas presentaron una estructura multidimensional y guardan relación con los síntomas obsesivo-compulsivos considerándose el OBQ-44 un instrumento de medida adecuado para la valoración de las creencias disfuncionales en población no clínica (AU)