RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bacteria of the genus Enterococcus are a normal part of the intestinal microflora but also important nosocomial pathogens. An alarming fact is increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents such as vancomycin (VRE). Enterococci frequently produce numerous virulence factors, e.g. gelatinase, surface protein, adhesins and sex pheromones. Their genes, with respect to vancomycin resistance, are studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 108 isolates obtained from various clinical samples (except for stools) taken from patients in the University Hospital Olomouc and divided into VRE (n = 54) and control, vancomycin-susceptible (n = 54) groups, the prevalence of genes for gelatinase (gelE), surface protein (esp) and sex pheromones (cpd, cob and ccf) was investigated. For genetic detection, real-time PCR was used. RESULTS: In the control group of vancomycin-susceptible enterococci, only six isolates (11.1 %) showed none of the studied virulence factors. The most prevalent gene was ccf (77.7 %, n = 42), followed by cpd in 66.6 % (36), gelE in 55.5 % (30), esp in 46.3 % (25) and cob in 38.9 % (21). In the VRE group, 17 isolates (31.5%) contained none of the studied genes. More prevalent was esp in 62.9 % (34), substantially less frequent were cpd in 5.6 % (3), cob in 5.6 % (3), ccf in 5.6 % (3) and gelE in 3.7 % (2). CONCLUSIONS: In VRE a smaller occurence, i.e. four out of the five studied virulence factors, were detected. The lower prevalence of genes for virulence factors was probably due to their species representation (substantially higher frequency of Enterococcus faecium in which these genes are mostly much less prevalent).
Assuntos
Enterococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência a Vancomicina , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Enterococcus/genética , Enterococcus/metabolismo , Humanos , Resistência a Vancomicina/genéticaRESUMO
A rather fast and complicated progression of an infection caused by some strains of Staphylococcus aureus could be associated with the expression and co-action of virulence factor complexes in these strains. This study screened the antibiotic susceptibility and prevalence of virulence markers in isolates of meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) obtained from patients hospitalized at the University Hospital in Olomouc, Czech Republic. A total of 100 isolates was screened for 13 genes encoding extracellular virulence determinants (tst, pvl, eta, etb, sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, seh, sei and sej) and for their distribution in sample types. Eighty-nine isolates were positive for at least one of the genes. Genes for etb, pvl, see and seh were not detected in any of the MRSA isolates. No statistically significant differences in the occurrence of the determinants studied among sample types were found.
Assuntos
Hospitais Universitários , Resistência a Meticilina , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , República Tcheca/epidemiologia , DNA Bacteriano/análise , DNA Bacteriano/isolamento & purificação , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prevalência , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade , Virulência/genéticaRESUMO
We present a case of vesical extrophy complicated by an adenocarcinoma in a 35-year old patient. It is this type of neoformation which most frequently affects the extrophic bladder and which, contrary to what has happened in most of the cases published, quickly presented bone and skin metastases.
