RESUMO
Malignant tumors of the maxilla constitutes approximately 10% of all malignomas in histopathological diagnoses on University Clinic for maxillofacial and Oral Surgery Ljubljana in the years 1978-1988. The rehabilitative problems presented by this group of patients require the coordinate efforts of a team consisting of the surgeon, nurse clinician, maxillofacial prosthodontist, physiotherapist and social worker.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Maxilares/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Maxilares/reabilitação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Iugoslávia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by increased neutrophils and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Interleukin-1 (IL-1), an inflammatory mediator produced by macrophages, has been shown to be chemotactic for neutrophils and to stimulate lymphocyte activation and proliferation of fibroblasts. BAL was performed in patients with ARDS, patients at high risk to develop ARDS, and in normal nonsmokers. After removal of cells and surfactant-complexed lipids by centrifugation, the remaining supernatant was concentrated by ultrafiltration utilizing membranes retaining substances greater than 5000 daltons. The concentrate was assayed for immunoreactive IL-1 beta by a radioimmunoassay method. Patients with ARDS (n = 9) had an IL-1 level of 184 +/- 67 pg/ml, high-risk patients (n = 9) had 172 +/- 62 pg/ml, and normals (n = 10) had 4 +/- 1 pg/ml. There was a significant (p less than or equal to .05) increase in IL-1 in the ARDS and risk groups compared to normals. IL-1 was detected in serum from patients with ARDS (n = 19), high risk (n = 19), and normals (n = 8), but no difference was noted among the three groups. BAL cell differentials revealed that neutrophils were increased (p less than .05) in both the ARDS (59 +/- 10%) and high-risk (65 +/- 8%) groups compared to normals (2 +/- 1%). There was a correlation (r = 0.64, p less than .001) between IL-1 levels and BAL protein concentration. BAL IL-1 levels were highest in patients with the fully developed syndrome but were also elevated in patients at high risk. The absence of significant amounts of IL-1 in serum suggests that it may be produced within the lung.
Assuntos
Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/análise , Interleucina-1/análise , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/metabolismo , Adulto , Animais , Bioensaio , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C3H , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Proteínas/análise , Radioimunoensaio , Fatores de Risco , Timo/citologia , Timo/efeitos dos fármacosAssuntos
Fenda Labial/terapia , Obturadores Palatinos , Fissura Palatina/terapia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
The effects of large doses of estrogen on prolactin (PRL) release were assessed. Circulating PRL levels in response to intravenous infusion of 17 beta-estradiol (E2), at a rate of 50 mug per hour for 4 hours, were studied in 10 subjects, and a chronic administration of ethinyl estradiol (EE) at a dose of 400 mug per day, for 1 week, was evaluated in five hypogonadal subjects. There was a significant depression of serum level of PRL during the E2 infusion and a significant increase in PRL release after discontinuation of the infusion. The chronic treatment of large doses of EE induced a more rapid (within 36 hours) and a significantly greater elevation of PRL levels at the end of 1 week treatment than those found during smaller doses of EE administration, as reported previously. These data suggest that acute treatment of estrogen may have a biphasic action on the pituitary PRL section and that the augmentatory effect of estrogen on PRL secretion is dose-dependent in human beings.
Assuntos
Estrogênios/administração & dosagem , Hormônio do Crescimento/metabolismo , Prolactina/metabolismo , Adulto , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Estradiol/administração & dosagem , Estradiol/farmacologia , Estrogênios/farmacologia , Etinilestradiol/administração & dosagem , Etinilestradiol/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations and total estrogen levels were determined in groups of boys and girls from ages eight through 15. There was no significant change in PRL concentration with advancing age in boys, and levels were comparable to adult men. In girls, mean serum PRL and estrogen levels were not significantly different from ages eight through 13 and were comparable to those found in boys of the same age groups. At age 14 and 15, an increase in PRL and estrogen levels was found in girls.
Assuntos
Prolactina/sangue , Puberdade , Adolescente , Criança , Estrogênios/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoAssuntos
Estradiol/farmacologia , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Adeno-Hipófise/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipófise/efeitos dos fármacos , Prolactina/sangue , Anticoncepcionais Orais Combinados/farmacologia , Anticoncepcionais Orais Sequenciais/farmacologia , Etinilestradiol/farmacologia , Feminino , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/farmacologia , Humanos , Hipogonadismo/metabolismo , Menopausa , Progestinas/farmacologia , Estimulação Química , Hormônio Liberador de Tireotropina/farmacologia , Síndrome de Turner/metabolismoAssuntos
Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/fisiologia , Menstruação/efeitos dos fármacos , Somatostatina/farmacologia , Castração , Estradiol/farmacologia , Feminino , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/farmacologia , Humanos , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Menopausa , Ovário/fisiologia , Hipófise/fisiologia , Progesterona/farmacologia , Somatostatina/fisiologia , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Hipopituitarismo/diagnóstico , Adeno-Hipófise/fisiopatologia , Hipófise/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Arginina , Craniotomia , Diabetes Insípido/complicações , Feminino , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina , Hormônio do Crescimento/sangue , Humanos , Hipopituitarismo/complicações , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Testes de Função Hipofisária , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/complicações , Pneumoencefalografia , Prolactina/sangue , Tireotropina/sangue , Hormônio Liberador de TireotropinaAssuntos
Estradiol/farmacologia , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/metabolismo , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/farmacologia , Hipogonadismo/fisiopatologia , Hormônio Luteinizante/metabolismo , Hipófise/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Estradiol/sangue , Etinilestradiol/farmacologia , Retroalimentação , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/fisiologia , Testes de Função Hipofisária , Hipófise/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Amenorreia/diagnóstico , Amenorreia/etiologia , Animais , Arginina , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/metabolismo , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina , Hormônio do Crescimento/sangue , Hormônio do Crescimento/metabolismo , Humanos , Hipopituitarismo/diagnóstico , Hipotálamo/fisiopatologia , Radioisótopos do Iodo , Transtornos da Lactação/diagnóstico , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Hormônio Luteinizante/metabolismo , Masculino , Doenças da Hipófise/diagnóstico , Gravidez , Prolactina/sangue , Prolactina/metabolismo , Coelhos/imunologia , Estimulação Química , Tireotropina/sangue , Tireotropina/metabolismo , Hormônio Liberador de TireotropinaAssuntos
Peptídeos/farmacologia , Hormônio Liberador de Tireotropina/antagonistas & inibidores , Tireotropina/metabolismo , Adulto , Feminino , Hormônio do Crescimento/antagonistas & inibidores , Humanos , Masculino , Peptídeos/administração & dosagem , Prolactina/metabolismo , Hormônio Liberador de Tireotropina/administração & dosagem , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Acromegalia/tratamento farmacológico , Glicemia/análise , Hormônio Liberador de Hormônio do Crescimento/antagonistas & inibidores , Hormônio do Crescimento/sangue , Insulina/sangue , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Prolactina/sangue , Acromegalia/sangue , Adulto , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/sangue , Feminino , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Hormônio do Crescimento/antagonistas & inibidores , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peptídeos/uso terapêutico , Radioimunoensaio , Tireotropina/sangue , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Puberdade , Testosterona/sangue , Adolescente , Feminino , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Humanos , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Masculino , Gravidez , Sono , Fatores de Tempo , GêmeosRESUMO
The effect of estrogen on prolactin (PRL) release and gonadotropin suppression was assessed in six experiments performed on four hypogonadal women. Ethinyl estradiol at a dose of 1 microgram/kg per day induced a significant elevation of serum PRL levels within the 1st wk of treatment. There was a further rise until a plateau was reached in about 3-4 wk to levels of more than 3 times the initial concentration. This was accompanied by a pattern of increased episodic fluctuation. The corresponding serum luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone fell progressively during the study period. These data indicate that a positive feedback relationship between estrogen and PRL release exists in humans.