Aminoácidos essenciais em suínos: explorando as demandas nutricionais para um crescimento saudável / Amino acids essenciais em suínos: exploring nutritional demands for healthy growth / Aminoácidos esenciales en cerdos: explorando las demandas nutricionales para un crecimiento saludable

O objetivo desta revisão bibliográfica é elucidar os principais avanços relacionados à utilização de aminoácidos na nutrição de suínos e sua relação com o desempenho animal. Essa revisão foi realizada a partir de uma busca bibliográfica embasada em diferentes publicações encontradas em banco de dados. A busca por artigos foi realizada nas seguintes bases de pesquisa literária eletrônica: Web of Science e Google Scholar, utilizando termos de busca associados ou não, no plural ou singular, em inglês e em português, como: "aminoacids" and "swine" and "needs". Foram selecionados 45 arquivos, após o teste de relevância para uso no estudo, os mesmos foram tabulados em planilha do Excel® com as informações relevantes, para exploração na revisão. As exigências de aminoácidos devem ser atendidas em todas as fases desde o nascimento, seguindo recomendações por idade e sexo e categoria produtiva, visando a expressão máxima do seu potencial de produção, atendendo as exigências de aminoácidos para garantir a sanidade, potencial produtivo, reprodutivo e índices zootécnicos de interesse.

The objective of this literature review is to elucidate the main advances related to the use of amino acids in swine nutrition and its relationship with animal performance. This review was carried out from a bibliographic search based on different publications found in the database. The search for articles was carried out in the following electronic literary research bases: Web of Science and Google Scholar, using search terms associated or not, in the plural or singular, in English and Portuguese, such as: "aminoacids" and "swine" and "needs". 45 files were selected, after the relevance test for use in the study, they were tabulated in an Excel® spreadsheet with the information that is relevant, for exploration in the review. Amino acid requirements must be met at all stages of life following recommendations by age and sex and productive category, aiming at the maximum expression of its production potential, meeting the amino acid requirements guarantees health, productive and reproductive potential and zootechnical indices of interest.

El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica es dilucidar los principales avances relacionados con el uso de aminoácidos en la nutrición porcina y su relación con el rendimiento animal. Esta revisión se realizó a partir de una búsqueda bibliográfica a partir de diferentes publicaciones encontradas en la base de datos. La búsqueda de artículos se realizó en las siguientes bases de datos de búsqueda literaria electrónica: Web of Science y Google Scholar, utilizando términos de búsqueda asociados o no, en plural o singular, en inglés y portugués, tales como: "aminoácidos" y "swine" y "necesidades". Se seleccionaron 45 archivos, luego de la prueba de pertinencia para su uso en el estudio, se tabularon en una planilla de Excel® con la información que sea relevante, para exploración en la revisión de recomendaciones por edad y sexo y categoría productiva, visando al máximo expresión de su potencial productivo, el cumplimiento de los requerimientos de aminoácidos garantiza sanidad, potencial productivo y reproductivo e índices zootécnicos de interés.

Association between ultra-processed food consumption and nutrient intake among low-risk pregnant women / Associação entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e a ingestão de nutrientes em gestantes de risco habitual

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption in pregnant women's diets associated with nutrient intake. Methods: a cross-sectional study using socioeconomic, anthropometric and food consumption data from low-risk pregnant women. Consumption of energy, macro and micronutrient were obtained through two 24-hour recalls (R24h). The UPF were identified using the NOVA classification, and the percentage of energy from this food was classified in quartiles and associated with nutrient intake. So, the ANCOVA test adjusted for age and per capita income were adopted. Results: a total of 60 pregnant women with a mean of age of 28.44 (CI95%=27.20-29.69) years old were evaluated. The average percentage of UPF in the diet was 20.68 (CI95%=17.88-23.47). Pregnant women in the highest quartile of UPF consumption had lower protein intake (13.48g vs. 18.84g; p=0.031) and lower zinc intake (4.52mg vs. 6.18mg; p=0.045) when compared to those in the lowest quartile. Conclusions: the results showed a negative relationship between the participation of UPF in pregnant women's diets and the intake of protein and zinc, important nutrients for the gestational period. Such findings reinforce the importance of promoting healthy eating habits during pregnancy to ensure an adequate supply of nutrients in this phase.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (AUP) e sua associação com a ingestão de nutrientes entre gestantes de risco habitual. Métodos: estudo transversal com dados socioeconômicos, antropométricos e de consumo alimentar de gestantes de risco habitual. O consumo de energia, macro e micronutrientes foi obtido através de dois Recordatórios 24 horas (R24h). Os AUP foram identificados através da classificação NOVA, e o percentual de calorias proveniente destes alimentos foi classificado em quartis e associado à ingestão de nutrientes. Para tal, adotou-se o teste ANCOVA ajustado segundo a idade e a renda per capita. Resultados: foram avaliadas 60 gestantes com média de idade de 28,44 (IC95%=27,20-29,69) anos. O percentual médio de AUP na dieta foi de 20,68 (IC95%=17,88-23,47). Gestantes no maior quartil de consumo de AUP apresentaram menor ingestão de proteína (13,48g vs. 18,84g; p=0,031) e zinco (4,52mg vs. 6,18mg; p=0,045) quando comparadas ao menor quartil. Conclusão: os resultados evidenciaram uma relação desfavorável entre a participação de AUP na dieta e a ingestão de proteínas e zinco, nutrientes importantes para o período gestacional. Tais achados reforçam a importância da promoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis durante a gestação para garantir o aporte adequado de nutrientes nessa fase.

Clinical and epidemiological characterization of newborns with necrotizing enterocolitis / Caracterização clínica e epidemiológica de recém-nascidos com enterocolite necrosante

INTRODUCTION: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe inflammatory disorder that can affect the whole gastrointestinal system, particularly the ileum, and is a major cause of morbidity in premature infants. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of newborns with NEC, seeking to identify the causes, evolution and severity of the disease. METHODS: The study selected 94 patients who developed NEC (cases) and 60 patients who did not develop the disease during hospitalization (controls) and presented similar clinical signs of the case group. The variables analyzed divided into maternal and neonatal. The frequency tests were applied using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 and comparative analysis using the GraphPad Prism® 5.0 software. RESULTS: There was a higher number of prenatal consultations in cases with NEC. Newborns with NEC had shorter hospital stay, longer parenteral nutrition and antibiotics use and a predominant use of infant formula. The Bell criteria modified by Walsh and Kleigman was negatively correlated to maternal age and positively correlated to gestational age, birth weight and time of parenteral nutrition. CONCLUSION: Although being a disease of the newborn, the present study indicated that maternal characteristics may be related to its onset of NEC. Therefore, the greater number of prenatal consultations and neonatal factors such as length of stay, prolonged use of parenteral nutrition and antibiotic therapy, and formula use may influence the development of the disease.

INTRODUÇÃO: A Enterocolite Necrosante (ECN) é um grave distúrbio inflamatório que pode afetar todo o sistema gastrointestinal, em particular o íleo, é uma causa de morbiletalidade em prematuros. OBJETIVO: Delinear o perfil clínico-epidemiológico de recém-nascidos com ECN, buscando identificar as causas, modo de evolução e gravidade da doença. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 94 pacientes que desenvolveram ECN (casos) e 60 pacientes que não desenvolveram a doença no período de internação (controles) e apresentavam sinais clínicos semelhantes do grupo caso. As variáveis analisadas foram classificadas em maternas e neonatais. Foram realizados testes de frequência usando o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 21.0 e análise comparativa usando o teste programa GraphPad Prism® 5.0. RESULTADOS: Nos casos com ECN houve maior número de consultas pré-natal. Os recém-nascidos com ECN apresentaram menor tempo de internação, maior tempo de nutrição parenteral e uso de antibióticos tiveram predomínio no uso de fórmula infantil. A classificação modificada de Bell por Walsh and Kleigman apresentou correlação negativa com idade materna e positiva com idade gestacional, peso ao nascer e o tempo de nutrição parenteral. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de ser uma doença do recém-nascido, esse estudo sugere que características maternas podem ter relação com o aparecimento da ECN. O número maior de consultas pré-natal e os fatores neonatais como o tempo de internação, uso prolongado de nutrição parenteral, antibioticoterapia e uso de fórmulas pode influenciar o desenvolvimento da doença.

Environmental temperature as a mediator on the association between photoperiod at birth and chronotype.

The association between chronotypes and season of birth (SOB) remains an inconclusive issue due, in some extension, to the lack of investigations of mediation mechanisms. We evaluated the association of photoperiod at birth (PAB) with chronotypes and sleep duration in Brazil (n = 810), and the mediating effect of meteorological factors, sex, age and rs4753426 polymorphism in the melatonin receptor MTNR1B. Longer PAB was associated with a delayed mid-sleep phase with a suppressive effect of maximum environmental temperature. No significant interactions were identified for the other variables. These findings suggest that photoperiod and environmental temperature modulate chronotype development at early stages.

Alterações na Epiderme de Pacientes com Aids Autopsiados em Uso da Terapia Antirretroviral / Changes in the Epidermis of Autopsied AIDS Patients Using Antiretroviral Therapy

Objetivo: Avaliar a influência da terapia na morfologia da epiderme de pacientes com Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida - AIDS. Metodologia: Estudo transversal desenvolvido na Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Brasil. Foram selecionados pacientes com AIDS de ambos os sexos, que foram agrupados de acordo com o tratamento com Terapia antir-retroviral de alta eficiência: pacientes em uso de HAART (n = 14) e pacientes sem uso de HAART (n = 14). Outras informações foram coletadas do prontuário clínico. Resultados: A idade média dos pacientes em tratamento foi de 49,07 ± 7,89 anos e dos pacientes sem TARV foi de 55,11 ± 10,17 anos. A maioria dos pacientes na terapia utilizada pertencia ao sexo feminino, 9 (64,28%). Estes apresentaram espessamento epidérmico (150,04 x 86,09µm), número de camadas celulares (8,0 x 5,5 camadas) e densidade de células de Langerhans superiores àquelas que não utilizaram a terapia, com diferença significativa. Conclusão: Nossos achados sugerem que o HAART propor-ciona a recuperação dos constituintes da epiderme alterados pela doença, melhorando sua função como barreira chave na proteção do corpo contra microorganismos ambientais. (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the influence of therapy in the morphology of the epidermis of patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Methodology: Cross-sectional study developed at the Triangulo Mineiro Federal University, Brazil. This study has been approved by Triângulo Mineiro Federal University Research Ethics Committee on protocol number 1780/2010. Patients with AIDS, of both genders were selected and arranged according to treatment with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: patients in use of HAART (n = 14), and patients without use of HAART (n = 14). Other information was collected from the clinical record. Results: The mean age of the patients undergoing therapy was 49.07±7.89 years, and of the patients without HAART was 55.11±10.17 years. The majority of the patients using the therapy, belonged to the female gender, 9 (64.28%). These showed epidermal thickness (150.04 x 86.09µm), number of cell layers (8.0 x 5.5 layers) and density of Langerhans cells higher than those who did not use the therapy, with a significant difference. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the HAART provides recovery of epidermis constituents altered by the disease, improving its function as a key barrier in protecting the body against environmental microorganisms. (AU)

Fatores associados aos transtornos mentais apresentados por usuários de um centro de atenção psicossocial / Factors associated with mental disorders among users of a psychosocial care center

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of factors associated with mental disorders present in users of a psychosocial care center. Method: retrospective documentary study with a quantitative approach. Data were collected from 824 patient records between May and July 2019. A descriptive analysis was performed and the data were presented in the form of absolute and relative frequency, using tabulation, considering p <0.05. Results: there was a greater prevalence of mood disorders in 48.1% of users, stress-related neurotic disorders and somatoform disorders in 18.1%. The sex variable was associated with the diagnosis of mental disorder (p <0.001), and patients under the age of 20 years had a greater prevalence of child and adolescent disorders (35.7%) and mood disorders (32.6%) compared to the other age groups analyzed. Retirees had a higher prevalence of mood disorders (50.7%) and somatoform disorders, where as workers had a higher prevalence (65.7%) of mood disorders. Conclusion: this study will contribute to the planning of actions and permanent education by managers, together with mental health workers, in order to develop different strategies considering differences between sex, age and occupation in relation to the various types of mental disorders verified in the participants of this research.

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de fatores associados aos transtornos mentais apresentados por usuários de um centro de atenção psicossocial. Método: estudo retrospectivo documental de abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados em 824prontuários de pacientes entre maio e julho de 2019. Realizou-se análise descritiva e os dados foram apresentados sob forma de frequência absoluta e relativa, utilizando tabulação, considerando p<0, 05.Resultados:verificou-se maior prevalência de transtornos de humor em 48,1% dos usuários, de transtornos neuróticos relacionados ao estresse e transtornos somatoformes em 18,1% deles. A variável sexo associou-se com diagnóstico de transtorno mental (p<0,001), aqueles com idade inferior a 20 anos apresentaram maior prevalência de transtorno infantil e da adolescência (35,7%) e prevalência de transtornos de humor (32,6%) se comparados com as demais faixas etárias analisadas. Aposentados apresentaram maior prevalência de transtornos de humor (50,7%) e transtornos somatoformes; os pacientes trabalhadores apresentaram maior prevalência (65,7%) de transtornos do humor. Conclusão: este estudo contribuirá para o planejamento de ações e de educação permanente por parte de gestores, em conjunto com trabalhadores da saúde mental, de forma a elaborar estratégias diferenciadas considerando diferenças entre sexo, idade e ocupação em relação aos vários tipos de transtornos mentais verificados nos participantes desta pesquisa

Enfermagem do trabalho na construção civil: contribuições à luz da teoria da adaptação de Roy / Occupational health nursing in civil construction: contributions based on Roy's adaptation theory

Refletir sobre a atuação da enfermagem em uma empresa da construção civil é de fundamental importância, visto que possibilitará aprimorar conhecimentos e revelar outros. Ainda, permitirá que os gestores em conjunto com os trabalhadores busquem estratégias para prevenção de doenças, promoção da saúde e prevenção de agravos. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo descrever as contribuições da enfermagem em uma empresa da construção civil. Trata-se de um estudo de relato descritivo ancorado na Teoria da Adaptação de Callista Roy. Tal relato foi vivenciado no período de agosto de 2017 a março de 2018, o qual descreve atividades cotidianas desenvolvidas pela enfermagem com os trabalhadores e profissionais da área médica. Acredita-se que este estudo contribuirá para desvelar a importância das atividades desenvolvidas pela enfermagem do trabalho, especificamente na construção civil, bem como a relevância de apoiá-las em um referencial teórico científico; e, assim, aumentar a qualidade de vida no trabalho, buscando cada vez mais um ambiente laboral saudável para todos os envolvidos sem perder de vista a produção

Reflecting on the role of the nursing staff in civil construction has paramount importance, because it enables improving knowledge and making discoveries. Such reflection is further useful for managers and workers to jointly develop disease prevention and health promotion strategies. The aim of the present study is to describe a nurse's contributions to a civil construction company. It consists of an experience report according to Callista Roy's adaptation theory. The analyzed experience took place from August 2017 through March 2018. We describe the activities carried out by the nurse jointly with other healthcare workers. We believe that the present study evidences the significance of occupational health nursing actions, particularly within civil construction, as well as the relevance of providing theoretical scientific grounds to such actions to contribute to make working environments healthier for all the involved actors without neglecting the aspect of productivity

Concomitance of Aids and cysticercosis in autopsies / Concomitância entre cisticercose e Aids em autópsias

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to report the concomitance of cysticercosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Aids) in autopsied patients at a school hospital in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Cysticercosis can be seen in patients with Aids, who may or may not present symptoms according to their immunological state. Therefore, it is necessary that cysticercosis be included in the list of opportunistic infections, and that more studies be carried out for a better understanding of this coinfection.

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente trabajo es reportar la concomitancia entre cisticercosis y el síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (Sida) en pacientes sometidos a autopsia en un hospital universitario de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Es posible asociar cisticercosis y pacientes con Sida, pero ellos pueden presentar síntomas o no, según su situación inmunitaria. Por eso, se recomienda incluir la cisticercosis en la lista de infecciones oportunistas y realizar más estudios para mejorar la comprensión de esa coinfección.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar a concomitância entre cisticercose e síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (Aids) em pacientes autopsiados em um hospital escola de Minas Gerais, Brasil. É possível associar cisticercose e pacientes com Aids, mas eles podem ou não apresentar os sintomas, dependendo do seu estado imunológico. Por isso, é necessário que a cisticercose entre no rol de infecções oportunistas e que mais estudos sejam feitos para melhor compreensão dessa coinfecção.

Occupational health nursing in civil construction: contributions based on Roy's adaptation theory.

Reflecting on the role of the nursing staff in civil construction has paramount importance, because it enables improving knowledge and making discoveries. Such reflection is further useful for managers and workers to jointly develop disease prevention and health promotion strategies. The aim of the present study is to describe a nurse's contributions to a civil construction company. It consists of an experience report according to Callista Roy's adaptation theory. The analyzed experience took place from August 2017 through March 2018. We describe the activities carried out by the nurse jointly with other healthcare workers. We believe that the present study evidences the significance of occupational health nursing actions, particularly within civil construction, as well as the relevance of providing theoretical scientific grounds to such actions to contribute to make working environments healthier for all the involved actors without neglecting the aspect of productivity.

Refletir sobre a atuação da enfermagem em uma empresa da construção civil é de fundamental importância, visto que possibilitará aprimorar conhecimentos e revelar outros. Ainda, permitirá que os gestores em conjunto com os trabalhadores busquem estratégias para prevenção de doenças, promoção da saúde e prevenção de agravos. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo descrever as contribuições da enfermagem em uma empresa da construção civil. Trata-se de um estudo de relato descritivo ancorado na Teoria da Adaptação de Callista Roy. Tal relato foi vivenciado no período de agosto de 2017 a março de 2018, o qual descreve atividades cotidianas desenvolvidas pela enfermagem com os trabalhadores e profissionais da área médica. Acredita-se que este estudo contribuirá para desvelar a importância das atividades desenvolvidas pela enfermagem do trabalho, especificamente na construção civil, bem como a relevância de apoiá-las em um referencial teórico científico; e, assim, aumentar a qualidade de vida no trabalho, buscando cada vez mais um ambiente laboral saudável para todos os envolvidos sem perder de vista a produção.

Pulmonary coinfection by Pneumocystis jiroveci, Cryptococcus neoformans and cytomegalovirus in hiv patient without antiretroviral treatment

Pulmonary diseases are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in HIV patients. Here, we present the fatal case of a 30 year-old AIDS patient, who did not undergo antiretroviral treatment, presenting pulmonary coinfection by Pneumocystis jiroveci, Cryptococcus neoformans and cytomegalovirus diagnosed in the postmortem histological examination. Concurrent pulmonary infection by these three agents is not common and, to date, apparently had not been reported in the literature.

Upregulation of Cardiac IL-10 and Downregulation of IFN-γ in Balb/c IL-4-/- in Acute Chagasic Myocarditis due to Colombian Strain of Trypanosoma cruzi.

Inflammatory response in Chagas disease is related to parasite and host factors. However, immune system regulation has not been fully elucidated. Thus, this study is aimed at evaluating IL-4 influence on acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi experimental infection through dosage of cytokine levels in cardiac homogenate of infected Balb/c WT and Balb/c IL-4-/- as well as its histopathological repercussions. For such purpose, mice were divided into two groups: an infected group with 100 forms of the Colombian strain and an uninfected group. After 21 days of infection, animals were euthanized and the blood, spleen, and heart were collected. The spleen was used to culture splenic cells in 48 h. Subsequently, cytokines TNF-α, IL-12p70, IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-17 were measured in the blood, culture supernatant, and heart apex by ELISA. The base of the heart was used for histopathological analysis. From these analysis, infected Balb/c IL-4-/- mice showed milder inflammatory infiltrate compared to Balb/c WT, but without changes in nest density and collagen deposition. IL-4 absence culminated in lower cardiac tissue IFN-γ production, although it did not affect TNF-α expression in situ. It also decreased TNF-α systemic production and increased IL-10, both systemically and in situ. In addition, IL-4 absence did not influence IL-17 expression. Splenocytes of IL-4-deficient mice produced higher amounts of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17 and lower amounts of IL-10. Thus, IL-4 absence in acute phase of experimental infection with T. cruzi Colombian strain reduces myocarditis due to lower IFN-γ production and greater IL-10 production in situ and this pattern is not influenced by splenocyte general repertoire.

Alterações do Baço no Envelhecimento de Acordo com Diferentes Causas de Morte / Age-Related Spleen Changes According to Different Causes of Death

Objetivo: Avaliar as alterações esplênicas de idosos autopsiados de acordo com diferentes causas de morte. Material e Métodos: Foram selecionados 38 idosos autopsiados no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro entre 1996 e 2012. As causas de morte foram agrupadas em cardiovascular (n=13), infecciosa (n=15) e neoplásica (n=10). Os fragmentos de baço foram analisados para determinação da densidade dos folículos linfoides, da área das arteríolas centro foliculares e da porcentagem de fibras colágenas e elásticas. Resultados: Os idosos acometidos pela causa de morte neoplásica apresentaram maior peso esplênico (234,00 vs 126,23g) e menor densidade folicular (0,16 vs 0,36 folículos/mm2) quando comparado aos acometidos pela causa cardiovascular. O grupo de causa neoplásica apresentou maior área das arteríolas centro foliculares quando comparado ao de causa infecciosa (817,00 vs 701,10µm2). Houve uma correlação negativa e significativa entre o peso do baço e a densidade folicular nos grupos com causa cardiovascular e neoplásica (rS=-0,382; p=0,018). Os idosos acometidos pela causa de morte cardiovascular apresentaram significativamente maior porcentagem de fibras colágenas que os idosos com causa infecciosa (0,81 vs 0,65%, p=0,002). O grupo acometido pela causa de morte infecciosa apresentou significativamente maior porcentagem de fibras elásticas quando comparado ao da causa neoplásica (6,01 vs 3,47%, p=0,001). Conclusão: As diferentes causas de mortes influenciam de modo distinto as alterações histomorfométricas do baço durante o envelhecimento. As doenças neoplásicas estiveram associadas ao aumento da área das arteríolas centro foliculares e a diminuição da densidade folicular, enquanto as doenças cardiovasculares contribuíram para o aumento da fibrose esplênica. (/AU)

Objective: To evaluate the changes in the spleens of elderly autopsied according to different causes of death. Material and Methods: We selected 38 elderly autopsied between 1996 and 2012 at the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro. The causes of death were grouped into cardiovascular (n=13), infectious (n=15) and neoplastic (n=10). Spleen fragments were analyzed to determine the lymphoid follicle density, follicular arteriole area, and the percentage of collagen and elastic fibers. Results: The elderly affected by neoplastic causes had a higher splenic weight (234.00 vs 126.23g) and a lower follicular density (0.16 vs 0.36 follicles/mm2) than those affected by cardiovascular death. The neoplastic cause group presented greater area of central follicular arterioles when compared to that of infectious death (817.00 vs 701.10ìm2). There was a significant negative correlation between spleen weight and follicular density in the groups with cardiovascular and neoplastic causes (rS=- 0.382; p=0.018). The elderly affected by cardiovascular death presented had a significantly higher percentage of collagen fibers than the elderly with infectious death (0.81 vs 0.65%, p=0.002). The group affected by infectious death had a significantly higher percentage of elastic fibers when compared to the neoplastic death group (6.01 vs 3.47%, p=0.001). Conclusion: The different causes of death influence differentially histomorphometric changes of the spleen during aging. Neoplastic diseases were associated with an increase in the area of central follicular arterioles and decreased follicular density, while cardiovascular diseases contributed to the increase of splenic fibrosis. (AU)

Higher Anti-A/B isoagglutinin titers of IgG class, but not of IgM, are associated with increased red blood cell transfusion requirements in bone marrow transplantation with major ABO-mismatch.

BACKGROUND: Major ABO mismatch between donor and recipient in bone marrow transplantation (BMT) may cause hemolysis, delayed red blood cell (RBC) engraftment and pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), which result in increased transfusion needs. High pretransplant anti-A/B antibody titers have been associated with increased risk of PRCA. Herein, we studied the impact of anti-A/B titers on transfusion needs after BMT with major ABO mismatch. METHODS: We reviewed the medical charts of 27 patients who underwent to BMT with major ABO mismatch and categorized them into two groups according to anti-A/B titers of IgG (≤16 and ≥32). We recorded the number of RBC and platelet units transfused in the first 180 days after transplantation. We also evaluated the impact of anti-A/B titers on overall survival. RESULTS: Patients with anti-A/B titer ≥32 of IgG class required more RBC transfusion than patients with titer ≤16 (6.60±4.55 vs 21.29±14.68; P=.03). Anti-A/B of IgM class had no impact on both RBC and platelet transfusion needs. Anti-A/B titers had no impact on overall survival. CONCLUSION: Higher titers of anti-A/B antibodies of IgG class, but not of IgM, are associated with a higher demand for RBC transfusion.

Influence of the Expression of Inflammatory Markers on Kidney after Fetal Programming in an Experimental Model of Renal Failure.

Objective. To evaluate the expression of inflammatory markers in experimental renal failure after fetal programming. Methods. The offspring aged two and five months were divided into four groups: CC (control dams, control offspring); DC (diabetic dams, control offspring); CFA (control dams, folic acid offspring, 250 mg/Kg); and DFA (diabetic dams, folic acid offspring). Gene expression of inflammatory markers MCP-1, IL-1, NOS3, TGF-ß, TNF-α, and VEGF was evaluated by RT-PCR. Results. MCP-1 was increased in the CFA and DFA groups at two and five months of age, as well as in DC5 when compared to CC5. There was a higher expression of IL-1 in the CFA2, DFA2, and DC2 groups. There was a decrease in NOS3 and an increase in TNF-α in DFA5 in relation to CFA5. The gene expression of TGF-ß increased in cases that had received folic acid at two and five months, and VEGF decreased in the CFA5 and DFA5 groups. DC5 showed increased VEGF expression in comparison with CC5. Conclusions. Gestational diabetes mellitus and folic acid both change the expression of inflammatory markers, thus demonstrating that the exposure to harmful agents in adulthood has a more severe impact in cases which underwent fetal reprogramming.

Mulheres vítimas de violência: percepção, queixas e comportamentos relacionados à sua saúde / Victims of violence: perception, complaints and behaviors related to their health / Mujeres víctimas de violencias: percepción, quejas y comportamientos relacionados a su salud

Objetivo: caracterizar as mulheres vítimas de violência quanto à percepção, queixas e comportamentosrelacionados à sua saúde física e mental. Método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Apopulação foi constituída por mulheres vítimas de violência, atendidas na Central de Apoio Multidisciplinar nomunicípio de Serra (ES), Brasil. A coleta ocorreu em uma sala reservada. Os dados foram obtidos por meio deentrevista com registro em formulário. A análise descritiva dos dados foi realizada por meio do pacoteestatístico STATA 12.0. Os dados foram apresentados na forma de figura e tabela. Resultados: mais da metadedas mulheres percebem seu estado de saúde como regular ou ruim, 64,3% referiram sentir dor, 69,1% sonoinadequado e 61,9% cansaço o tempo todo, 54,8% se assustaram com facilidade, 83,3% estiveram nervosas,tensas ou preocupadas e 71,4% choraram mais do que o costume. Conclusão: as manifestações clínicas, físicase/ou mentais estão presentes em mulheres vítimas de violência, sugerindo o impacto desse fenômeno sobre asaúde de suas vítimas.(AU)

Objective: to characterize women victims of violence regarding the perception, complaints, and behaviors related to their physical and mental health. Method: it is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The population was constituted by women victims of violence, attended at the Multidisciplinary Support Center in the city of Serra (ES), Brazil. The collection took place in a reserved room. The data were obtained by an interview with registration in a form. The descriptive analysis of the data was performed using the statistical package STATA 12.0. The data were presented in figure and table. Results: more than half of the women perceived their health status as regular or poor, 64.3% reported pain, 69.1% inadequate sleep, and 61.9% tiredness all the time, 54.8% were easily frightened, 83.3% were nervous, tense or worried and 71.4% cried more than usual. Conclusion: clinical, physical and/or mental manifestations are present in women victims of violence, suggesting the impact of this phenomenon on the health of their victims. (AU)

Objetivo: caracterizar las mujeres víctimas de violencia sobre la percepción, quejas y comportamientos relacionados a su salud física y mental. Método: estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo. La población fue constituida por mujeres víctimas de violencia, atendidas en la Central de Apoyo Multidisciplinar en el municipio de Serra (ES), Brasil. La recolección fue en una sala reservada. Los datos fueron obtenidos por medio de entrevista con registro en formulario. El análisis descriptivo de los datos fue realizado por medio del paquete estadístico STATA 12.0. Los datos fueron presentados por figura y tabla. Resultados: más de la mitad de las mujeres perciben su estado de salud como regular o malo, 64,3% sentían dolor, 69,1% sueño inadecuado y 61,9% cansancio todo el tiempo, 54,8% se asustaban com facilidad, 83,3% estuvieron nerviosas, tensas o preocupadas y 71,4% lloraron más de lo que costumbre. Conclusión: las manifestaciones clínicas, físicas y/o mentales están presentes en mujeres víctimas de violencia, sugiriendo el impacto de ese fenómeno sobre la salud de sus víctimas.(AU)

Skin aging in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

To evaluate the histomorphometric skin changes over aging patients with autopsied acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In 29 skin fragments of autopsied elderly (older than 50 years) and nonelderly patients with AIDS, epidermal thickness, the number of layers, the diameter of cells, the percentage of collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis, and the number and morphology of Langerhans cells were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed by SigmaStat 2.03 program. The thickness of the epidermis (92.55 × 158.94 µm), the number of layers (7 × 9 layers), and the diameter of the cells (13.27 × 17.6 µm) were statistically lower among the elderly. The quantity of collagen fibers (9.68 × 14.11%) and elastic fibers (11.89 × 15.31%) was also significantly lower in the elderly. There was a decrease in total (10.61 × 12.38 cel/mm(2)) and an increase in immature Langerhans cells (6.31 × 4.98 cel/mm(2)) in elderly patients with AIDS. The aging of the skin of patients with AIDS is amended in different histomorphometric aspects, the epidermis constituents suffer less pronounced changes in normal aging, and the dermis has more intense changes in elastic fibers and collagen.

Biological Effects of a Root Conditioning Treatment on Periodontally Affected Teeth--An In Vitro Analysis.

The aim of this study was to evaluated the root surfaces modifications resulted by application of different chemicals agents, and their influence on the fibrin network and fibroblasts attachment. From 96 anterior mandibular human extracted incisor teeth, 192 dentin blocks of buccal and lingual surface were obtained and randomly divided into 6 groups: Cont- control group, which received no treatment; Root surface scaling and root planing (Srp); Citric acid-Srp; EDTA-Srp; Tetracycline capsule-Srp; Tetracycline gel-Srp. After dentin treatments the specimens were analyzed as follows: 1) demineralization level and residues of the product by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); 2) adhesion of blood components after 20 min of surface treatment by SEM; 3) fibroblast attachment after 24 h by SEM; 4) cell metabolism after 24 h by MTT assay. Data were analyzed using Fisher Exact, One-way ANOVA test followed by Dunn's test, Tukey test and Dunnett test (α=0.05). Citric acid, EDTA and Tetracycline gel resulted in adequate demineralization with no completely smear layer and smear plug removal on root dentin surface. Tetracycline capsule produced great tetracycline residues with several demineralization areas. Tetracycline gel and EDTA groups presented more fibroblast fixation than other experimental groups. The highest mean blood clot adhesion score was observed in roots treated with tetracycline gel. EDTA and Tetracycline gel surface treatment removed the smear layer over dentin surface and promoted adhesion of fibrin network and fibroblast cells attachment.

Biological Effects of a Root Conditioning Treatment on Periodontally Affected Teeth - An In Vitro Analysis

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluated the root surfaces modifications resulted by application of different chemicals agents, and their influence on the fibrin network and fibroblasts attachment. From 96 anterior mandibular human extracted incisor teeth, 192 dentin blocks of buccal and lingual surface were obtained and randomly divided into 6 groups: Cont- control group, which received no treatment; Root surface scaling and root planing (Srp); Citric acid-Srp; EDTA-Srp; Tetracycline capsule-Srp; Tetracycline gel-Srp. After dentin treatments the specimens were analyzed as follows: 1) demineralization level and residues of the product by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); 2) adhesion of blood components after 20 min of surface treatment by SEM; 3) fibroblast attachment after 24 h by SEM; 4) cell metabolism after 24 h by MTT assay. Data were analyzed using Fisher Exact, One-way ANOVA test followed by Dunn's test, Tukey test and Dunnett test (α=0.05). Citric acid, EDTA and Tetracycline gel resulted in adequate demineralization with no completely smear layer and smear plug removal on root dentin surface. Tetracycline capsule produced great tetracycline residues with several demineralization areas. Tetracycline gel and EDTA groups presented more fibroblast fixation than other experimental groups. The highest mean blood clot adhesion score was observed in roots treated with tetracycline gel. EDTA and Tetracycline gel surface treatment removed the smear layer over dentin surface and promoted adhesion of fibrin network and fibroblast cells attachment.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar modificações nas superfícies radiculares sofridas pela aplicação de diferentes agentes químicos, e sua influência sobre a rede de fibrina e adesão de fibroblastos. A partir de 96 incisivos inferiores humanos, 192 blocos de dentina das superfícies vestibular e lingual foram obtidos e divididos aleatoriamente em 6 grupos: Cont-grupo controle, não recebeu nenhum tratamento; Raspagem e alisamento radicular (RAR); Ácido cítrico-SRP; EDTA-SRP; Tetraciclina em cápsula-SRP; Tetraciclina gel-SRP. Após o tratamento da dentina as espécimes foram analisadas: 1, nível de desmineralização e resíduos do produto por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV); 2, adesão dos componentes sanguineos após 20 min na tratamento de superfície por SEM; 3, adesão de fibroblastos após 24h por SEM; 4, o metabolismo celular após 24 h por ensaio MTT. Os dados foram analisados por Fisher Exact, teste one-way ANOVA, seguido pelo teste de Dunn, teste de Tukey e teste de Dunnett (α = 0,05). O ácido cítrico, EDTA e gel tetraciclina resultaram na adequada desmineralização sem remoção completa de camada de smear layer e smear plug sobre a superfície da dentina radicular. Cápsula de tetraciclina produziu grandes resíduos de tetraciclina com várias áreas de desmineralização. Os grupos Gel de tetraciclina e EDTA apresentaram maior adesão de fibroblastos do que os demais grupos experimentais. O maior score de adesão de coágulo sanguineo foi observado nas superfícies tratadas com gel de tetraciclina. EDTA e Gel de tetraciclina removeram a camada de smear layer sobre a superfície da dentina e promoveu adesão da rede de fibrina e de fibroblastos.

Medicamentos usados por idosos e critério de Beers e colaboradores / Medications used by the elderly and Beers et al

Contexto e objetivo: A população idosa apresenta interações medicamentosas e efeitos adversos devidos a alterações corporais, comorbidades associadas e polifarmácia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o padrão dos medicamentos usados por idosos em um hospital, identificar a polifarmácia e os medicamentos potencialmente inadequados através dos critérios de Beers e colaboradores. Desenho e local: Estudo transversal realizado no Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, em 2012 e 2013. Métodos: Foram analisados 123 prontuáriosde pacientes internados no Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa em 2011, entre 65 e 89 anos de idade, e seus dados analisados por análise devariância (ANOVA) de uma via, seguido do teste de Student-Newman-Keuls para comparações múltiplas. Resultados: Não houve diferençaentre o número de medicamentos utilizados por idosos entre gêneros. Verificou-se prevalência de 56,91% de polifármácia entre os pacientes.Ocorreu maior tendência a polifarmácia no sexo masculino entre 65 e 70 anos e no sexo feminino, entre 80 e 85 anos. Observou-se maior prevalência no uso de ácido acetilsalicílico, espironolactona, amiodarona, glibenclamida, lorazepam/clonazepam. Conclusão: Existe prevalência relevante de polifarmácia e há aumento gradual conforme a idade. Existe número alto de prescrições de medicações potencialmente inadequadas para os idosos, mostrando a importância do conhecimento do critério de Beers e colaboradores. Tornam-se necessários novos estudos em populações mais abrangentes.

Association between cysticercosis and neoplasia: a study based on autopsy findings.

Chronic infections including the cysticercosis induce inflammatory cells to produce free radicals and synthesize carcinogenic toxins. The cells with genetic mutations proliferate in a disorganized manner, leading to the development of neoplasia. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the relation between cysticercosis and neoplasia. Patients autopsied were divided into 4 groups: patients with neoplasia and cysticercosis (NC), patients with neoplasia only (NN), patients with cysticercosis only (CC), and patients without neoplasia or cysticercosis (WW). Of 2012 autopsy reports analyzed, 0.4 showed NC. In groups CC and NC, the most common location of the parasite was the brain. There was a predominance of three or more cysticerci in groups NC and CC. In the NC group, all had malignant neoplasms, and was predominance of benign neoplasm in NN group. The digestive system was the most frequent neoplasia. By calculating odds ratio, rate of neoplasia in patients with cysticercosis was 0.74. In conclusion, the demographic profile of patients with cysticercosis and neoplasia is similar to that of patients with cysticercosis alone. The incidence of cysticercosis and neoplasia was greater in older patients suggesting that immunosenescence may contribute to development of neoplasia promoted by cysticercosis.