Lumbar Myelopathy Caused by Multiple Cartilaginous Exostoses in a Dog.

A 6-months-old male mixed-breed dog was admitted to the veterinary hospital with lameness in the right pelvic limb, proprioceptive ataxia, and suspected spinal cord injury in the lumbosacral segment. Upon palpation, firm nodules were noted on the bony surface of the thoracic and pelvic limbs, ribs, vertebrae, and tail. The radiographic study showed nodules of low radiopacity with well-defined limits and smooth contours, one of which was overlapping the fifth lumbar vertebra. Given the clinical presentation indicative of spinal cord injury, the animal was subjected to hemilaminectomy for nodular resection. Histopathological examination of the biopsy enabled the diagnosis of osteochondroma. The clinical follow up after surgery showed improvement in walking, despite persistent monoparesis in the right pelvic limb. The radiographic study in association with clinical and histopathological exams allowed the diagnosis and monitoring of the lesions.

Stingless Bees (Melipona subnitida) Overcome Severe Drought Events in the Brazilian Tropical Dry Forest by Opting for High-Profit Food Sources.

In the Brazilian Tropical Dry Forest, the Caatinga, stingless bees (Apidae, Meliponini) need to adjust their foraging behavior to a very short and unpredictable blooming period. Melipona subnitida Ducke 1910 is one of the few meliponine species adapted to the environmental peculiarities of this biome. To get an insight into how these highly eusocial bees are able to maintain their perennial colonies despite extended periods of food scarcity, we asked the following questions: (1) At which plant species do colonies of M. subnitida collect their food during the rainy season? And (2) are there any plant species during the dry season, from which the colonies may profit for replenishing their food stores? During 1 year, we collected monthly honey and pollen samples from recently built storage pots of five colonies of M. subnitida and identified the botanical origin of the collected resources. In the course of our study, the colonies foraged at native trees, shrubs, and herbaceous species, demonstrating the importance of all plant strata for the bees' diet. Profitable plants, which bloom mainly during the rainy season and usually produce a great number of flowers, were frequently sampled in new pots throughout the entire study, even during the dry season. From our results, we compiled a list of the most important plant species providing floral resources for bees throughout the year, including periods of drought. We recommend these plants for restoration areas to improve the conservation of native bee species and local beekeeping in the Brazilian Tropical Dry Forest.

Impact of mutations in hVISA isolates on decreased susceptibility to vancomycin, through population analyses profile - area under curve (PAP-AUC).

We analyzed sequences of graSR, vraSR, walKR and rpoB genes in hVISA from Brazil. Five isolates showed mutations in at least one gene. rpoB H481N and graS T224I were the most frequent mutations, followed by graR D148Q and walK A468T. Our study reinforces the heterogeneity of genetic patterns among hVISA.

Bilateral Primary Obstructive Giant Megaureter in an Adult Dog.

A rare case of bilateral, primary, obstructive, giant megaureter was found during necropsy examination of an 11-year-old female German shepherd dog. On ultrasound examination and at necropsy examination, both ureters were tortuous and extensively dilated with diameter ranging from 1.86 to 4.8 cm. Both vesicoureteral junctions were obstructed by uroliths. A diagnosis of giant megaureter was established using human parameters since these values are not recognized in animals. The classification of obstructive and primary megaureter was determined because the obstruction was due to uroliths at the vesicoureteral junctions.

Lactic acid microbiota identification in water, raw milk, endogenous starter culture, and fresh Minas artisanal cheese from the Campo das Vertentes region of Brazil during the dry and rainy seasons.

Minas artisanal cheese, produced in the Campo das Vertentes region of Brazil, is made from raw milk and endogenous starter cultures. Although this cheese is of great historical and socioeconomic importance, little information is available about its microbiological and physical-chemical qualities, or about its beneficial microbiota. This work was aimed at evaluating the qualities of the cheese and the components used for its production, comparing samples collected during the dry and rainy seasons. We also conducted molecular identification and isolated 50 samples of lactic acid bacteria from cheese (n=21), water (n=3), raw milk (n=9), and endogenous starter culture (n=17). The microbiological quality of the cheese, water, raw milk, and endogenous starter culture was lower during the rainy period, given the higher counts of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus and total and thermotolerant coliforms. Enterococcus faecalis was the lactic acid bacteria isolated most frequently (42.86%) in cheese samples, followed by Lactococcus lactis (28.57%) and Lactobacillus plantarum (14.29%). Lactobacillus brevis (5.88%), Enterococcus pseudoavium (5.88%), Enterococcus durans (5.88%), and Aerococcus viridans (5.88%) were isolated from endogenous starter cultures and are described for the first time in the literature. The lactic acid bacteria identified in the analyzed cheeses may inhibit undesirable microbiota and contribute to the safety and flavor of the cheese, but this needs to be evaluated in future research.

Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide as a therapeutical target for acute pancreatitis induced by secretory phospholipase A2.

BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide is a key signalling molecule in the pathogenesis of inflammation, but its role in acute pancreatitis and related abdominal pain induced by secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2 ) from Crotalus durissus terrificus (Cdt) venom has not been investigated. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were i.v. injected with L-NAME (20 mg/kg), aminoguanidine (AG, 50 mg/kg), 7-nitroindazole (7-NI, 10 mg/kg) or vehicle 10 min before or 60 min after the injection of sPLA2 (300 µg/kg) into the common bile duct. After 4 h of sPLA2 injection, abdominal hyperalgesia and inflammation were assessed in addition to serum amylase, nitrite/nitrate (NOx), pancreas lipoperoxidation and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) contents. RESULTS: sPLA2 -induced acute pancreatitis, related abdominal hyperalgesia, hyperamylasemia and increased concentration of NOx were not correlated with lipoperoxidation or increased 3-NT in the pancreas. Pretreatment with all the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors significantly reduced abdominal mechanical hyperalgesia, but only iNOS blockade by AG suppressed pancreas oedema and serum NOx increase. The therapeutic approach with all the NOS inhibitors produced a similar reduction pattern of the abdominal hyperalgesia, but AG treatment also inhibited serum hyperamylasemia and NOx concentrations and pancreatic myeloperoxidase. The nNOS blockade by 7-NI treatment also inhibited myeloperoxidase activity in both pancreas and lung. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic blockade of iNOS or nNOS provides benefits in terms of inhibition of the acute pancreatitis-related abdominal hyperalgesia, while iNOS inhibition also ameliorates the inflammatory cell influx to the pancreas and reduces the resultant hyperamylasemia and NOx levels, thus representing alternative pharmacological strategies for treatment of clinical pancreatitis associated with increased PLA2 .

An effective interaction potential for gallium phosphide.

An effective interatomic potential consisting of two- and three-body covalent interactions is used here to study the properties of gallium phosphide by molecular dynamics simulations. The many-body interatomic potential accounts for the energy scale, length scale and mechanical properties of GaP. At atmospheric pressure, the calculated melting temperature, linear thermal expansion, vibrational density of states and specific heat are in excellent agreement with experimental results. The structural phase transition induced by hydrostatic pressure at 27 GPa is also in quite good agreement with experimental findings. We also studied the energy of vacancy formation in the GaP lattice and the surface energy, which is in reasonable agreement with experimental data.

Misplaced pulmonary arteries in an adult patient with pulmonary hypertension.

Misalignment of pulmonary vessels, with or without alveolar capillary dysplasia, is a rare cause of persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn. The prognosis is poor, with virtually all patients succumbing to unremitting hypoxaemic respiratory failure and death during the newborn period. We report the CT and histological findings of misplaced pulmonary arteries in a previously healthy young adult patient who presented with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Contiguous high-resolution spiral CT angiography showed small pulmonary arteries coursing within the interlobular septa and enlarged central pulmonary arteries. Surgical lung biopsy demonstrated anomalous muscularised pulmonary arteries in the interlobular septa. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of misplaced pulmonary arteries presenting in an adult patient and may represent a forme fruste of the neonatal vascular anomaly. A possible association with pulmonary arterial hypertension is also suggested in this case.

[Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia: typical and atypical imaging features on computed tomography]. / Typische und atypische Morphologie der kryptogen organisierenden Pneumonie in der Computertomografie.

Organizing pneumonia (OP) occurs without any identifiable cause ("cryptogenic organizing pneumonia") as well as secondary to a multitude of disorders of various origins ("secondary organizing pneumonia"). Possible triggers are infections, drugs, collagen vascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, transplantations, and radiation directed to the chest. The present manuscript provides an overview of the histopathological, clinical and CT imaging features of OP. Classic CT morphologies (peripheral and peribronchovascular consolidations and ground glass opacities) and atypical imaging features (nodules, crazy paving, lines and bands, perilobular consolidations and the reversed halo sign) are discussed.

Mutation rates at Y chromosome specific microsatellites.

A collaborative work was carried out by the Spanish and Portuguese ISFG Working Group (GEP-ISFG) to estimate Y-STR mutation rates. Seventeen Y chromosome STR loci (DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I and II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS460, DYS461, DYS635 [GATA C4], GATA H4, and GATA A10) were analyzed in a sample of 3,026 father/son pairs. Among 27,029 allele transfers, 54 mutations were observed, with an overall mutation rate across the 17 loci of 1.998 x 10(-3) (95% CI, 1.501 x 10(-3) to 2.606 x 10(-3)). With just one exception, all of the mutations were single-step, and they were observed only once per gametogenesis. Repeat gains were more frequent than losses, longer alleles were found to be more mutable, and the mutation rate seemed to increase with the father's age. Hum Mutat 26(6), 520-528, 2005. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

The water quality of the Ria de Aveiro lagoon, Portugal: from the observations to the implementation of a numerical model.

Ria de Aveiro is a very important area of the Portuguese coast, which has been under an increasing anthropogenic pressure for several decades and, contributes to the degradation of the lagoon's water quality. This work presents both a characterisation of the water quality of the Ria de Aveiro lagoon, using physical, chemical and biological experimental data, and an implementation of a numerical model for the water quality of the lagoon. The ultimate goal is to obtain an accurate numerical model able to simulate major water quality features of the lagoon under the influence of different forcing conditions. Data analysis reveals good correlations between the salinity and almost all the water quality variables as well as between the different variables. The maximum biochemical oxygen demand concentration (BOD) depends on the light intensity, the temperature and the river inputs. The main vulnerable areas of the lagoon, from the water quality point of view, seem to be the far end of the main channels, where low dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) and high BOD concentrations are observed. The numerical model of the Ria de Aveiro has reproduced both winter-spring and spring-summer events related to the lagoon water quality as well as its main pattern. Both data and modelling results show that the BOD5 concentrations (where the subscript '5' means that the BOD measurements were conducted for five days, without inhibitor of nitrification) are driven by the river influence, during the winter-spring period, and by the biological activity during the spring-summer period. The DO concentrations show high values in the spring-summer period and smaller concentrations in the winter-spring period at the far end of the lagoon. The application of the model to the study of scenarios has demonstrated the role of nutrients and light in the phytoplankton growth, the relationship between DO and phytoplankton concentrations, as well as the effect of the BOD degradation in the ammonia (NH4) regeneration.