Obesity decreases energy and protein intake in hospitalized COVID-19 patients undergoing continuous positive airway pressure treatment.

Patients with SARS-CoV generally require noninvasive treatments including continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and appropriate nutritional therapy. Our hypothesis was that a higher body mass index (BMI) would result in greater respiratory difficulties during CPAP treatment and lead to a reduction in energy and protein intake. The study was conducted prospectively and retrospectively in a Brazilian public hospital. The sample comprised all patients (n = 70) hospitalized in COVID-19 wards and using the Elmo System (ELMO) helmet. To ensure proper nutritional support, the hospital established a standard ELMO diet and questionnaire for estimating dietary adherence. The median length of stay was 11 days (interquartile range, 9-20), and 84.3% of the patients received hospital discharge. The median duration of helmet use was 1.5 days (interquartile range, 1-4). From mid-upper arm circumference adequacy measurements, 35 patients (50%) were classified as being overweight or living with obesity and 36 adult patients (66.7%) were considered living with obesity based on their BMI. The prevalence of overweight elderly patients was 81.3%. The median energy and protein intake adequacy percentages were 65% and 72.5%, respectively. Patients with higher BMIs exhibited lower oxygen flows while wearing the ELMO helmet. Younger age and lower energy and protein intake characterized the obesity group. A correlation between oxygen therapy and food intake in COVID-19 patients undergoing CPAP treatment was observed. Patients with higher BMIs and/or mid-upper arm circumference adequacies were more susceptible to energy and protein intake declines, and patients with obesity presented the lowest intake values.

Molecular Electronics Including Temperature Effects Based on Dyes Pigments.

In this work we used the Density Functional Theory to study the thermodynamic properties from Brazilein (BZE) and Brazilin (BZI) molecules, main pigments responsible for the red color from Brazil wood. We did a comparison between the two dyes to then know which dye has better resistance to temperature (T ) and external electric field (E) values, aiming their potential to possible applications in solar cells, as excitons trainers. We have found that the BZE molecule becomes less stable after a temperature known as degradation temperature, and therefore enters oxidation state. However, BZE is more stable and more resistant to high temperatures. With respect to the applied external electric field, we find that BZE is more reactive to almost all the applied electric fields, thus more easily converted into energy in the form of electrical work.

Análise do comportamento das variáveis antropométricas e respostas hemodinâmicas em crianças / Analysis the behavior of anthropometric variables and hemodynamic responses in children

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o comportamento das variáveis antropométricas e respostas hemodinâmicas em crianças, relacionado à comorbidades cardiovasculares e estado nutricional. A amostra foi composta por 93 crianças (sexo masculino), com idades entre 6 a 12 anos (8,8±1,6 anos). Foram coletadas as seguintes variáveis: massa corporal, estatura, índice de massa corporal (IMC), porcentagem de gordura, circunferência da cintura, relação cintura/estatura e pressão arterial (sistólica e diastólica). As crianças com presença de comorbidades cardiovasculares foram aquelas que apresentaram uma ou mais das variáveis fora dos parâmetros de saúde. Para a classificação do estado nutricional das crianças, utilizou-se o indicativo de peso normal, excesso de peso e obesidade. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva, diferenças de médias estandardizadas e os respectivos intervalos de confiança. As diferenças entre os momentos foram analisadas através de diferenças de médias estandardizadas e os respectivos intervalos de confiança. Adicionalmente foi calculado o tamanho do efeito seguido a seguinte escala: 0 - 0.2 trivial, > 0,2 - 0.6 pequeno, > 0.6 - 1.2 moderado, > 1.2 - 2.0 grande, e > 2.0 muito grande. Os resultados mostraram que as crianças com presença de comorbidades cardiovasculares apresentaram valores substancialmente mais elevados (tamanho do efeito grande) nas variáveis antropométricas (IMC, percentual de gordura, circunferência da cintura e relação cintura/estatura) quando comparadas com as crianças ausentes de comorbidades cardiovasculares. Além disso, as crianças com excesso de peso e obesidade apresentaram valores substancialmente mais elevados (tamanho do efeito muito grande e grande) no IMC, no percentual de gordura, na circunferência da cintura e na relação cintura/estatura quando comparada com as que possuem peso normal. Conclui-se que as crianças classificadas com a presença de comorbidades cardiovasculares possuem valores substancialmente mais elevados nas variáveis antropométricas, assim como as crianças com excesso de peso e obesidade....(AU)

The aim of the study was to analyze the behavior of anthropometric variables and hemodynamic responses in children relate to cardiovascular comorbidities and nutritional status. Crosssectional study with 93 children (male), aged 6-12 years (8.8 ± 1.6 years). The following variables were collected: body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), body composition, waist circumference, waist-toheight ratio and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic). Children, with one or more variables outside the health parameters, were considered with the presence of cardiovascular comorbidities. For the classification of children nutritional status, it was used the indicative of normal weight, overweight and obesity. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, magnitude-based inferences and interval confidence. In addition, the effect size was calculated following scale: 0 - 0.2 trivial,> 0.2 - 0.6 small,> 0.6 - 1.2 moderate,> 1.2 - 2.0 large, and> 2.0 very large. The results showed that children with cardiovascular comorbidities had substantially higher values (large effect size) in the anthropometric variables (BMI, fat percentage, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio) when compared to children without cardiovascular comorbidities. In addition, overweight and obese children had substantially higher (very large and large effect size) values on BMI, in fat percentage, waist circumference and waist/height when compared to those with normal weight. It is concluded that children classified with the presence of cardiovascular comorbidities have substantially higher values in the anthropometric variables, as well as children with overweight and obesity....(AU)

Maxwell times in higher-order generalized hydrodynamics: Classical fluids, and carriers and phonons in semiconductors.

A family of what can be so-called Maxwell times which arises in the context of higher-order generalized hydrodynamics (HOGH; also called mesoscopic hydrothermodynamics) is evidenced. This is done in the framework of a HOGH built within a statistical formalism in terms of a nonequilibrium statistical ensemble formalism. It consists in a description in terms of the densities of particles and energy and their fluxes of all orders, with the motion described by a set of coupled nonlinear integro-differential equations involving them. These Maxwell times have a fundamental role in determining the type of hydrodynamic motion that the system would display in the given conditions and constraints. They determine a Maxwell viscous force not present in the usual hydrodynamic equations, for example, in Navier-Stokes equation.

Impact of the Bowel Management Program on the quality of life in children with fecal incontinence.

PURPOSE: Evaluate the impact of implementing Bowel Management Program (BMP) on quality of life (QoL) in children with fecal incontinence (FI). METHODS: Children 3-12 years referred to the Children's Treatment Center of FI were included and categorized accordingto the tendency to constipation (dilated colon; group 1) or diarrhea (non-dilated colon; group 2). Evaluations were performed before and after 3 months of BMP implementation. Perceptions from parents and children about QoL were assessed by the instrument PedsQL4.0 and the severity of FI by the fecal incontinence index (FII) of Wexner scale. RESULTS: 43 children (mean age of 7.7 ± 3.1) were studied. 32 (74.4 %) belonged to group 1 and 11 (25.6 %) to group 2. After 3 months of BMP, it was noticed a significant improvement of the FII (14.5 ± 3.7 versus 2.8 ± 2.5; p < 0.001) in both groups. QoL perception by the parents and children increased on PedsQL4.0 evaluation (p < 0.001). There was a medium inverse statistically significant correlation of the FII and the total PedsQL4.0 score among children and parents (r = -0.47, p = 0.009 and r = -0, 39, p = 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSION: The BMP applied by a multidisciplinary dedicated team significantly improves the QoL of children with FI in the short-term period.

Higher-order generalized hydrodynamics: Foundations within a nonequilibrium statistical ensemble formalism.

Construction, in the framework of a nonequilibrium statistical ensemble formalism, of a higher-order generalized hydrodynamics, also referred to as mesoscopic hydrothermodynamics, that is, covering phenomena involving motion of fluids displaying variations short in space and fast in time-unrestricted values of Knudsen numbers, is presented. In that way, an approach is provided enabling the coupling and simultaneous treatment of the kinetics and hydrodynamic levels of descriptions. It is based on a complete thermostatistical approach in terms of the densities of matter and energy and their fluxes of all orders covering systems arbitrarily driven away from equilibrium. The set of coupled nonlinear integrodifferential hydrodynamic equations is derived. They are the evolution equations of the Gradlike moments of all orders, derived from a generalized kinetic equation built in the framework of the nonequilibrium statistical ensemble formalism. For illustration, the case of a system of particles embedded in a fluid acting as a thermal bath is fully described. The resulting enormous set of coupled evolution equations is of unmanageable proportions, thus requiring in practice to introduce an appropriate description using the smallest possible number of variables. We have obtained a hierarchy of Maxwell times, associated to the set of all the higher-order fluxes, which have a particular relevance in the process of providing criteria for establishing the contraction of description.

Enzyme replacement therapy with galsulfase in 34 children younger than five years of age with MPS VI.

BACKGROUND: Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) is a progressive, chronic and multisystem lysosomal storage disease with a wide disease spectrum. Clinical and biochemical improvements have been reported for MPS VI patients on enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with rhASB (recombinant human arylsulfatase B; galsulfase, Naglazyme®, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.), making early diagnosis and intervention imperative for optimal patient outcomes. Few studies have included children younger than five years of age. This report describes 34 MPS VI patients that started treatment with galsulfase before five years of age. METHODS: Data from patients who initiated treatment at <5 years of age were collected from patients' medical records. Baseline and follow-up assessments of common symptoms that led to diagnosis and that were used to evaluate disease progression and treatment efficacy were evaluated. RESULTS: A significant negative correlation was seen with treatment with ERT and urinary GAG levels. Of those with baseline and follow-up growth data, 47% remained on their pre-treatment growth curve or moved to a higher percentile after treatment. Of the 9 patients with baseline and follow-up sleep studies, 5 remained unaffected and 1 patient initially with mild sleep apnea showed improvement. Data regarding cardiac, ophthalmic, central nervous system, hearing, surgical interventions and development are also reported. No patient discontinued treatment due to an adverse event and all that were treatment-emergent resolved. CONCLUSIONS: The prescribed dosage of 1mg/kg IV weekly with galsulfase ERT is shown to be safe and effective in slowing and/or improving certain aspects of the disease, although patients should be closely monitored for complications associated with the natural history of the disease, especially cardiac valve involvement and spinal cord compression. A long-term follow-up investigation of this group of children will provide further information on the benefits of early treatment as well as disease progression and treatment efficacy and safety in this young patient population.

The phase angle and mass body cell as markers of nutritional status in hemodialysis patients.

OBJECTIVE: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a fast, noninvasive method for assessing body composition, and its role in the evaluation of nutritional status in haemodialysis (HD) has been studied. This study aimed to compare BIA parameters to clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric markers of nutrition in HD patients, such as subjective global assessment modified for renal disease (SGA-1), serum albumin, body mass index (BMI), percent of standard body weight (%SBW), deviation of triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), mid-arm circumference (MAC), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) from the standard value (50th percentile), anthropometry-derived fat (FM-A), and fat-free mass (FFM-A). METHODS: BIA was performed 30 minutes after a HD session and the reactance (Xc), resistance (R), phase angle (PA), body cell mass (BCM), fat mass (FM-BIA), and fat-free mass (FFM-BIA) values were recorded. The prevalence of malnutrition was estimated according to PA and percent of BCM. The correlation between methods was assessed through Pearson's correlation coefficient and Bland and Altman analysis. RESULTS: A total of 58 patients were studied (30 women and 28 men; mean age of 49.2 +/- 14.8 years). The mean PA was 6.19 +/- 1.33 degrees and the mean percent of BCM was 33.75 +/- 5.91%. The prevalence of malnutrition was 17.5% and 43.9% according to the PA and percent of BCM, respectively. PA had a negative correlation with age and SGA-1 score and a positive correlation with percent SBW, MAC, MAMC, FFM-A, and albumin. Percent of BCM had a negative correlation with age, MAC, MAMC and FM-A and a positive correlation with FFM-A and albumin. A significant correlation between FFM-A and FFM-BIA was observed, as well as between FM-A and FM-BIA. CONCLUSIONS: BIA indexes reflected nutritional state. PA and BCM seem to be less influenced by changes in volume and can be used for nutritional assessments of dialysis patients.