Blood, metabolic and endocrine biomarkers in donkeys (Equus africanus asinus) supplemented with different energy sources / Biomarcadores sanguíneos, metabólicos e endócrinos de jumentos (Equus africanus asinus) suplementados com diferentes fontes de energia

Blood and endocrine biomarkers have rarely been described in donkeys. This study aimed to analyze the effects of isoenergetic supplementation with three energy sources for 8wk on blood and endocrine biomarkers in donkeys. Fifteen donkeys were used and divided into 3 groups (extruded feed (ExF), extruded feed plus corn (C+ExF), and corn (C) and were supplemented isocalorically. Blood samples were collected at three times (pre-test, 4 and 8 weeks after supplementation). After 8wk, there were not significant difference between the treatment but detected between the phase, where results showed decreased values of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, other cells, total plasma protein, albumin, creatinine, uric acid, GGT, AF and NEFA (P 0.05) and increased values of mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, lymphocytes, urea, AST and ALT (P 0.05). Analyzing postprandial glucose and insulin results, it was not observed differences among the treatments for [glucose] (P > 0.05), however, differences were significant for [insulin] (P 0.05). ExF group exhibiting the highest insulin concentration (P 0.05). As for the experimental phases, there were differences for glucose (P 0.05), with the highest mean concentration observed at the end of blood collection (+ 4 h). It was concluded that supplementation with three different combination of energy source in adult donkeys improve homeostasis of the energetic biomarker, reducing NEFA concentration without changes in post-prandial glucose but modifying post-prandial insulin, and increase immunological capacityassociated with an increase in the lymphocyte number.(AU)

Biomarcadores sanguíneos e endócrinos são pouco descritos para os jumentos. Esse estudo objetivou analisar os efeitos da suplementação isoenergética com três diferentes fontes de energia durante 8 semanas sobre os biomarcadores sanguíneos e endócrinos em jumentos. Foram utilizados 15 jumentos, divididos em três grupos (alimento extrusado (ExF), alimento extrusado e milho (ExF+C), e milho (C), suplementados isocaloricamente. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas em fases (pré-teste, e com 4 e 8 semanas após suplementação). Após 8 semanas os resultados demonstraram não haver diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos mas ocorrendo entre as fases, com redução nas hemácias, hemoglobina, hematócrito, outros células, proteínas plasmáticas totais, albumina, creatinina, ácido úrico, GGT, FA, AGNE (P 0,05) e elevação do VCM, CHCM, linfócitos, ureia, AST e ALT (P 0,05). Analisando-se as concentrações da glicose e insulina pósprandial, não foram observadas diferenças entre os tratamentos para a glicose (P 0,05), mas diferenças significativas para a insulina (P > 0,05). O grupo ExF apresentou maior concentração de insulina (P 05). Analisando-se o fase experimental, foram observas diferenças na glicose (P 0,05), com a maior concentração observada ao final da colheita de sangue (+ 4h). Conclui-se que a suplementação com diferentes fontes de energia melhora a homeostasis dos parâmetros energéticos, com a redução da AGNE mas sem modificar a concentração pós-prandial da glicose mas modificando a da insulina, e da melhora da capacidade imunológica,com elevação da concentração do linfócitos.(AU)

Blood, metabolic and endocrine biomarkers in donkeys (Equus africanus asinus) supplemented with different energy sources / Biomarcadores sanguíneos, metabólicos e endócrinos de jumentos (Equus africanus asinus) suplementados com diferentes fontes de energia

Blood and endocrine biomarkers have rarely been described in donkeys. This study aimed to analyze the effects of isoenergetic supplementation with three energy sources for 8wk on blood and endocrine biomarkers in donkeys. Fifteen donkeys were used and divided into 3 groups (extruded feed (ExF), extruded feed plus corn (C+ExF), and corn (C) and were supplemented isocalorically. Blood samples were collected at three times (pre-test, 4 and 8 weeks after supplementation). After 8wk, there were not significant difference between the treatment but detected between the phase, where results showed decreased values of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, other cells, total plasma protein, albumin, creatinine, uric acid, GGT, AF and NEFA (P 0.05) and increased values of mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, lymphocytes, urea, AST and ALT (P 0.05). Analyzing postprandial glucose and insulin results, it was not observed differences among the treatments for [glucose] (P > 0.05), however, differences were significant for [insulin] (P 0.05). ExF group exhibiting the highest insulin concentration (P 0.05). As for the experimental phases, there were differences for glucose (P 0.05), with the highest mean concentration observed at the end of blood collection (+ 4 h). It was concluded that supplementation with three different combination of energy source in adult donkeys improve homeostasis of the energetic biomarker, reducing NEFA concentration without changes in post-prandial glucose but modifying post-prandial insulin, and increase immunological capacityassociated with an increase in the lymphocyte number.

Biomarcadores sanguíneos e endócrinos são pouco descritos para os jumentos. Esse estudo objetivou analisar os efeitos da suplementação isoenergética com três diferentes fontes de energia durante 8 semanas sobre os biomarcadores sanguíneos e endócrinos em jumentos. Foram utilizados 15 jumentos, divididos em três grupos (alimento extrusado (ExF), alimento extrusado e milho (ExF+C), e milho (C), suplementados isocaloricamente. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas em fases (pré-teste, e com 4 e 8 semanas após suplementação). Após 8 semanas os resultados demonstraram não haver diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos mas ocorrendo entre as fases, com redução nas hemácias, hemoglobina, hematócrito, outros células, proteínas plasmáticas totais, albumina, creatinina, ácido úrico, GGT, FA, AGNE (P 0,05) e elevação do VCM, CHCM, linfócitos, ureia, AST e ALT (P 0,05). Analisando-se as concentrações da glicose e insulina pósprandial, não foram observadas diferenças entre os tratamentos para a glicose (P 0,05), mas diferenças significativas para a insulina (P > 0,05). O grupo ExF apresentou maior concentração de insulina (P 05). Analisando-se o fase experimental, foram observas diferenças na glicose (P 0,05), com a maior concentração observada ao final da colheita de sangue (+ 4h). Conclui-se que a suplementação com diferentes fontes de energia melhora a homeostasis dos parâmetros energéticos, com a redução da AGNE mas sem modificar a concentração pós-prandial da glicose mas modificando a da insulina, e da melhora da capacidade imunológica,com elevação da concentração do linfócitos.

Effects of supplementation with Glutamine and Glutamate on the blood hematimetric indices and biomarkers of equines / Efeitos da suplementação com Glutamina e Glutamato sobre os índices hematimétricos e biomarcadores sanguíneos de equinos

Background: Glutamine (Gln) is an essential amino acid that acts as a “primitive hormone” for enterocytes. It is knownthat is an important source of carbon and nitrogen for various molecules in different metabolic processes. However, dueto the characteristics of its metabolism, which is widely consumed by intestinal cells and cells of the immune system,very few studies of the supplementation of horses with Gln are available. Therefore, the aim of the present study was todetermine the effects of supplementation with a mixture of Gln and Glutamate (Glu) on blood indices and biomarkers ofthe metabolism of proteins and fats in gaited athlete horses.Materials, Methods & Results: Male and female adult Mangalarga Marchador horses (n = 11) with an average bodymass of 390 kg were used in the present study. All of the animals were from a training center, where they were trainedand mounted three times per week. The physical activity lasted 50 min, of which 10 min involved walking (warm-up),followed by 30 min of “marcha” gait (velocity: ~ 3.4 m/s) and another 10 min of walking (recovery). The animals weremounted on a plane grass track. These horses received a daily dose of 50 g of the Gln+Glu mixture with pelleted concentrate diet (6.0 kg/day/animal; 14.0% BP, 2.0% EE, EB 2.2 Mcal divided in two meals of 3.0 kg each) for a period of28 days. In addition, elephant grass (15.0 kg/day/animal, divided into three meals during the day), water and mineralizedsalt were provided. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture using vacuum tubes containing heparin at twodifferent time-points: the first sampling was conducted during the pre-test and the second took place on the 28th day ofsupplementation (post-test). The blood samples were divided into two aliquots for the complete blood count and for thedetermination of biomarkers associated with the metabolism of proteins and fats...(AU)

Effects of supplementation with Glutamine and Glutamate on the blood hematimetric indices and biomarkers of equines / Efeitos da suplementação com Glutamina e Glutamato sobre os índices hematimétricos e biomarcadores sanguíneos de equinos

Background: Glutamine (Gln) is an essential amino acid that acts as a “primitive hormone” for enterocytes. It is knownthat is an important source of carbon and nitrogen for various molecules in different metabolic processes. However, dueto the characteristics of its metabolism, which is widely consumed by intestinal cells and cells of the immune system,very few studies of the supplementation of horses with Gln are available. Therefore, the aim of the present study was todetermine the effects of supplementation with a mixture of Gln and Glutamate (Glu) on blood indices and biomarkers ofthe metabolism of proteins and fats in gaited athlete horses.Materials, Methods & Results: Male and female adult Mangalarga Marchador horses (n = 11) with an average bodymass of 390 kg were used in the present study. All of the animals were from a training center, where they were trainedand mounted three times per week. The physical activity lasted 50 min, of which 10 min involved walking (warm-up),followed by 30 min of “marcha” gait (velocity: ~ 3.4 m/s) and another 10 min of walking (recovery). The animals weremounted on a plane grass track. These horses received a daily dose of 50 g of the Gln+Glu mixture with pelleted concentrate diet (6.0 kg/day/animal; 14.0% BP, 2.0% EE, EB 2.2 Mcal divided in two meals of 3.0 kg each) for a period of28 days. In addition, elephant grass (15.0 kg/day/animal, divided into three meals during the day), water and mineralizedsalt were provided. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture using vacuum tubes containing heparin at twodifferent time-points: the first sampling was conducted during the pre-test and the second took place on the 28th day ofsupplementation (post-test). The blood samples were divided into two aliquots for the complete blood count and for thedetermination of biomarkers associated with the metabolism of proteins and fats...