Attenuation of salt stress by lycopene on common bean seeds

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that adversely affects several physiological and biochemical aspects of plants. Antioxidants can be used as a potential remediation mechanism to promote plant resilience. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate increasing doses of the antioxidant lycopene on the germination and initial growth of common bean seedlings under conditions of salt stress. Seeds were treated with the following lycopene concentrations: 0.018; 0.036; 0.072; 0.144; and 0.288 g L-1 and two controls (negative and positive) and evaluated under two growth conditions (without and with salt stress) for physiological quality and pigment content. Data were analyzed by completely randomized design, in 2 x 7 factorial (two growth conditions, with paper towel moistened with water or salt solution x seven treatments, including five lycopene doses and two controls), in four replicates of 50 seeds by concentration. With the results of the analysis of variance, growth conditions (without and with salt stress) were compared by the Tukey test (5%), and the effects of lycopene doses were analyzed by polynomial regression. Lycopene promoted tolerance of bean seeds to salt stress and had a positive influence on the attenuation of salt harmful effects to the initial growth of seedlings, mainly at the doses of 0.072 g L-1 and 0.144 g L-1.(AU)

Attenuation of salt stress by lycopene on common bean seeds / Attenuation of salt stress by lycopene on common bean seeds

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that adversely affects several physiological and biochemical aspects of plants. Antioxidants can be used as a potential remediation mechanism to promote plant resilience. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate increasing doses of the antioxidant lycopene on the germination and initial growth of common bean seedlings under conditions of salt stress. Seeds were treated with the following lycopene concentrations: 0.018; 0.036; 0.072; 0.144; and 0.288 g L-1 and two controls (negative and positive) and evaluated under two growth conditions (without and with salt stress) for physiological quality and pigment content. Data were analyzed by completely randomized design, in 2 x 7 factorial (two growth conditions, with paper towel moistened with water or salt solution x seven treatments, including five lycopene doses and two controls), in four replicates of 50 seeds by concentration. With the results of the analysis of variance, growth conditions (without and with salt stress) were compared by the Tukey test (5%), and the effects of lycopene doses were analyzed by polynomial regression. Lycopene promoted tolerance of bean seeds to salt stress and had a positive influence on the attenuation of salt harmful effects to the initial growth of seedlings, mainly at the doses of 0.072 g L-1 and 0.144 g L-1.

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that adversely affects several physiological and biochemical aspects of plants. Antioxidants can be used as a potential remediation mechanism to promote plant resilience. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate increasing doses of the antioxidant lycopene on the germination and initial growth of common bean seedlings under conditions of salt stress. Seeds were treated with the following lycopene concentrations: 0.018; 0.036; 0.072; 0.144; and 0.288 g L-1 and two controls (negative and positive) and evaluated under two growth conditions (without and with salt stress) for physiological quality and pigment content. Data were analyzed by completely randomized design, in 2 x 7 factorial (two growth conditions, with paper towel moistened with water or salt solution x seven treatments, including five lycopene doses and two controls), in four replicates of 50 seeds by concentration. With the results of the analysis of variance, growth conditions (without and with salt stress) were compared by the Tukey test (5%), and the effects of lycopene doses were analyzed by polynomial regression. Lycopene promoted tolerance of bean seeds to salt stress and had a positive influence on the attenuation of salt harmful effects to the initial growth of seedlings, mainly at the doses of 0.072 g L-1 and 0.144 g L-1.

Substratos e temperaturas para germinação e vigor de sementes de tomateiro / Substrates and temperatures for germination and vigor of tomato seeds

O estabelecimento das condições ideais para a germinação, principalmente da temperatura e do substrato, é de extrema importância, tendo em vista que estes fatores variam entre sementes de diferentes espécies. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi definir substratos e temperaturas para germinação de sementes de tomateiro, cultivar IPA 6. O trabalho foi conduzido no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes, do Departamento de Ciências Agrárias (DCA) da Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, sendo duas temperaturas (constante de 25 e alternada de 20-30 °C) e cinco substratos: areia, areia + esterco bovino (1:1), areia + Bioplant® (1:1), areia + composto orgânico (1:1), e areia + vermiculita (1:1), com quatro repetições de 50 sementes por tratamento. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: germinação, primeira contagem da germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento de plântulas, massa da matéria fresca e seca de plântulas. Conclui-se que a temperatura de 25 °C e os substratos areia, areia + Bioplant® e areia + vermiculita são condições ideais para a germinação e vigor das sementes de tomateiro.(AU)

The establishment of the ideal conditions for germination, especially temperature and substrate, is of extreme importance, considering that these factors vary between seeds of different species. Thus, the objective of the present work was to define substrates and temperatures for germination of tomato seeds, IPA 6 cultivar. The work was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis, Department of Agrarian Sciences (DCA) of the State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES). The experimental design was a completely randomized design, with the treatments distributed in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, two temperatures (25 and alternating between 20-30 ° C) and five substrates: sand, sand + bovine manure (1: 1 ), sand + Bioplant® (1: 1), sand + organic compost (1: 1), and sand + vermiculite (1: 1) with four replicates of 50 seeds per treatment. The evaluated parameters were: germination, first germination count, germination speed index, seedling length, fresh and dry matter mass of seedlings. It was concluded that the temperature of 25 ° C and the substrates sand, sand + Bioplant® and sand + vermiculite are ideal conditions for germination and vigor of tomato seeds.(AU)

Substratos e temperaturas para germinação e vigor de sementes de tomateiro / Substrates and temperatures for germination and vigor of tomato seeds

O estabelecimento das condições ideais para a germinação, principalmente da temperatura e do substrato, é de extrema importância, tendo em vista que estes fatores variam entre sementes de diferentes espécies. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi definir substratos e temperaturas para germinação de sementes de tomateiro, cultivar IPA 6. O trabalho foi conduzido no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes, do Departamento de Ciências Agrárias (DCA) da Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, sendo duas temperaturas (constante de 25 e alternada de 20-30 °C) e cinco substratos: areia, areia + esterco bovino (1:1), areia + Bioplant® (1:1), areia + composto orgânico (1:1), e areia + vermiculita (1:1), com quatro repetições de 50 sementes por tratamento. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: germinação, primeira contagem da germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento de plântulas, massa da matéria fresca e seca de plântulas. Conclui-se que a temperatura de 25 °C e os substratos areia, areia + Bioplant® e areia + vermiculita são condições ideais para a germinação e vigor das sementes de tomateiro.

The establishment of the ideal conditions for germination, especially temperature and substrate, is of extreme importance, considering that these factors vary between seeds of different species. Thus, the objective of the present work was to define substrates and temperatures for germination of tomato seeds, IPA 6 cultivar. The work was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis, Department of Agrarian Sciences (DCA) of the State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES). The experimental design was a completely randomized design, with the treatments distributed in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, two temperatures (25 and alternating between 20-30 ° C) and five substrates: sand, sand + bovine manure (1: 1 ), sand + Bioplant® (1: 1), sand + organic compost (1: 1), and sand + vermiculite (1: 1) with four replicates of 50 seeds per treatment. The evaluated parameters were: germination, first germination count, germination speed index, seedling length, fresh and dry matter mass of seedlings. It was concluded that the temperature of 25 ° C and the substrates sand, sand + Bioplant® and sand + vermiculite are ideal conditions for germination and vigor of tomato seeds.

Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de pimenta biquinho obtidas de frutos com diferentes graus de maturação e submetidas a condições térmicas / Physiologic performance of biquinho pepper seeds of fruit with different maturation degrees and submitted to thermal stress

O objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar estádios de maturação dos frutos e a influência de temperatura na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de pimenta biquinho. O trabalho foi dividido em dois estudos, sendo o primeiro (I) relacionado aos diferentes estádios de maturação dos frutos com base na sua coloração (verde, alaranjado, vermelho, vermelho intenso e vermelho intenso murcho). Das sementes extraídas determinou-se o teor de água e avaliou-se a qualidade fisiológica por meio dos testes de germinação e vigor (primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento, matéria fresca e seca de plântulas).No segundo (II),destinado para determinar a influência da temperatura nas sementes provenientes de frutos vermelhos e vermelho intenso murchos, foram submetidas a diferentes condições de temperaturas: constante (20, 25 e 30°C) e alternada (20-30°C), e novamente avaliadas pelos testes de germinação e vigor. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes de pimenta biquinho é máxima quando os frutos são colhidos com a coloração vermelho intenso e vermelho intenso murcho e as temperaturas constantes de 25 e 30 °C são as mais adequadas para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes.(AU)

The objective of this work was to evaluate fruit ripening stages and the influence of temperature on the physiological quality of red pepper seeds. The work was divided in two studies, the first one (I) related to the different maturation stages of the fruits based on their coloration (green, orange, red, intense red and deep red withered). From the seeds extracted, the water content was determined and the physiological quality was evaluated through the tests of germination and vigor (first germination count, seedling emergence, emergence speed index, length, fresh and dry matter of seedlings). In the second (II), to determine the influence of the temperature on the seeds of red fruits and intense red withered, were submitted to different temperature conditions: constant (20, 25 and 30 °C) and alternating (20-30 °C), and again evaluated by germination and vigor tests. The physiological quality of the coriander seeds is maximal when the fruits are harvested with intense red coloration and deep red withering, and the constant temperatures of 25 and 30 °C are the most adequate for evaluating the physiological quality of seeds.(AU)

Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de pimenta biquinho obtidas de frutos com diferentes graus de maturação e submetidas a condições térmicas / Physiologic performance of biquinho pepper seeds of fruit with different maturation degrees and submitted to thermal stress

O objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar estádios de maturação dos frutos e a influência de temperatura na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de pimenta biquinho. O trabalho foi dividido em dois estudos, sendo o primeiro (I) relacionado aos diferentes estádios de maturação dos frutos com base na sua coloração (verde, alaranjado, vermelho, vermelho intenso e vermelho intenso murcho). Das sementes extraídas determinou-se o teor de água e avaliou-se a qualidade fisiológica por meio dos testes de germinação e vigor (primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento, matéria fresca e seca de plântulas).No segundo (II),destinado para determinar a influência da temperatura nas sementes provenientes de frutos vermelhos e vermelho intenso murchos, foram submetidas a diferentes condições de temperaturas: constante (20, 25 e 30°C) e alternada (20-30°C), e novamente avaliadas pelos testes de germinação e vigor. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes de pimenta biquinho é máxima quando os frutos são colhidos com a coloração vermelho intenso e vermelho intenso murcho e as temperaturas constantes de 25 e 30 °C são as mais adequadas para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes.

The objective of this work was to evaluate fruit ripening stages and the influence of temperature on the physiological quality of red pepper seeds. The work was divided in two studies, the first one (I) related to the different maturation stages of the fruits based on their coloration (green, orange, red, intense red and deep red withered). From the seeds extracted, the water content was determined and the physiological quality was evaluated through the tests of germination and vigor (first germination count, seedling emergence, emergence speed index, length, fresh and dry matter of seedlings). In the second (II), to determine the influence of the temperature on the seeds of red fruits and intense red withered, were submitted to different temperature conditions: constant (20, 25 and 30 °C) and alternating (20-30 °C), and again evaluated by germination and vigor tests. The physiological quality of the coriander seeds is maximal when the fruits are harvested with intense red coloration and deep red withering, and the constant temperatures of 25 and 30 °C are the most adequate for evaluating the physiological quality of seeds.