Frequency of Oral Lesions, Olfactory, and Gustatory Disorders and Xerostomia in Patients with COVID-19.

COVID-19, a respiratory illness with a global impact on millions, has recently been linked to manifestations affecting various bodily systems, including the oral cavity. Studies highlight oral issues, like ulcers, blisters, and white patches, alongside olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, influencing an individual's quality of life. In this context, our study aimed to assess the frequency of oral lesions, olfactory and gustatory disorders, and xerostomia resulting from COVID-19. An observational study was conducted with 414 patients to evaluate the frequency of oral symptoms resulting from COVID-19. Patients were diagnosed with mild symptoms and evaluated through clinical examination of the oral cavity and a questionnaire to assess functional alterations. The findings showed that 139 out of 414 patients presented clinical manifestations, with oral lesions being the most prevalent (19.1%), followed by gustatory disorders (18.1%), xerostomia (14.2%), and olfactory dysfunction (14%). The most prevalent oral lesions were ulcerations (n = 51), candidiasis (n = 8), and erythema or red plaques (n = 7). Unfortunately, 50 (12.1%) patients died during this study. Therefore, oral lesions, olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, and xerostomia are common symptoms associated with COVID-19.

Effect of different levels of whole corn germ on energy values and ileal digestibility in broilers.

This study evaluated the effects of broiler age (A) and levels of replacement (L) of control diet (CD) on the utilization of energy and nutrients of whole corn germ. 720 one-day-old broilers (b) were allocated at completely randomized design to six treatments and six replicates, in three assays: pre-starter (1-8 days, 10 b/cage), starter (15-22 days, 6 b/cage), and grower (28-35 days, 4 b/cage) phases. The treatments were: CD and four test diets (L): 100, 150, 200, 250, or 300 g kg-1 of the CD replaced by WCG levels. The data were adjusted to the response surface model. The stationary points for apparent energy metabolizable (AME) and AME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) were: 4173 and 3591 kcal kg-1, respectively, and coefficients of gross energy (AMCGE), crude protein (AMCCP), dry matter (AMCDM), and ether extract (AMCEE) were: 49.3, 40.4, 72.6, and 61.3%, respectively; and Ileal digestibility coefficient of crude protein (IDCCP), dry matter (IDCDM), digestibility crude protein values (DCP), and digestibility dry matter value (DDM) were: 78.0, 57.96, 8.50, and 56.17%, respectively. The EP for AMEn was at 18 days of age, 28 g kg-1 WCG. There was a correlation between A and L on digestibility and metabolisability of nutrient's WCG.

From molecules to ecosystems: Insights into a network of interactions for a Chagas disease outbreak using Triatoma brasiliensis as natural samplers.

Exploring the dynamics of disease transmission involves an understanding of complex interactions within the eco-epidemiologic framework. In the context of Chagas disease (CD), elements are mainly represented by the interactions among the pathogen, insect vector, host, humans and the environment. We performed quantitative and qualitative analyses on a dataset derived from 98 Triatoma brasiliensis infected by trypanosomatids, which were linked to a CD outbreak in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. We extracted invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA) from these insects, comprising 18 populations around the outbreak area, each indicative of various strata of anthropogenic influence. Food source (FS) diversity, representing potential parasite reservoirs, was determined through mitochondrial gene (cyt b) sequencing of vertebrates, and parasite genotyping was accessed using fluorescent amplified fragment barcodes (FFLB) of trypanosomatids. We also assessed the residents' awareness of breeding sites for CD vectors in the inspected houses. The quantification of Trypanosoma cruzi was estimated via real-time PCR and is denominated here as the average parasite load (PL) per insect (T. cruzi/intestinal unit). We aimed to address vector-parasite-host-environment interactions that were discussed based on their significance among the components. Notably, among the significant interactions, we observed that the PL in the insects was significantly influenced by FS. Infected insects that fed on the classic reservoir, Didelphis albiventris, and Galea spixii exhibited higher PLs, compared to those that fed on Kerodon rupestris (p < 0.04)-a primary host. While D. albiventris is already recognized as a synanthropic species, we propose that G. spixii may also be undergoing a synanthropic process. Conversely, domestic cats are frequently identified as FS in infected insects from the sylvatic environment, suggesting a possible change in their behavior towards a wild state. Therefore, we propose that neglected anthropogenic actions have facilitated the reciprocal (sylvatic-peridomestic) circulation of T. cruzi-especially noted for TcI because it was predominant in insects found in peridomestic environments. Residents are often unaware of the existence of insect breeding grounds near their homes, particularly when it involves the storage of materials without planning for use, such as piles of tiles, bricks and wood. Although indirect inferences about the interaction among vector-parasite-host-environment are still incipient, we highlight the potential use of vectors as natural samplers of biological and ecological components in transmitting the disease.

Validation of an online course on postural care for preterm newborns / Validación del curso online sobre cuidados posturales del recién nacido prematuro / Validação de curso on-line sobre cuidados posturais ao recém-nascido prematuro

ABSTRACT Objectives: Validation of an online course content on postural care for newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and assessment of participant satisfaction. Method: Methodological study of content validation by 13 judges with expertise in neonatology and online education who responded to the educational content validation instrument, and by 175 course participants who evaluated the course through a satisfaction questionnaire. The criterion for validation was agreement above 80.0%, analyzed through the Content Validity Index (CVI), Content Validation Coefficient (CVC), binomial test, and descriptive statistics for analyzing satisfaction variables. Data collection took place from January to June 2022 for the validation stage, and during June 2023 for the evaluation stage conducted by the course participants. Results: All items obtained agreement above 80.0% with a total CVI and CVC of 83.3% and 91.0%, respectively. The course participants positively evaluated the course regarding content organization, coherence between theory and practice, navigability, quality of materials, and applicability in professional practice. Conclusion: The online course was considered valid regarding its objectives, structure/presentation, and relevance. Therefore, it can be offered as an open educational resource in the training of healthcare and nursing professionals to provide postural care to newborns in critical environments, thereby enhancing the performance of developmental care.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Validar el contenido de un curso online sobre cuidados posturales del recién nacido en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales y verificar la satisfacción de los participantes del curso. Método: Estudio metodológico de validación de contenido realizado por 13 jueces con experiencia en neonatología y educación en línea que respondieron al instrumento de validación de contenido educativo: y por 175 participantes del curso que evaluaron el curso mediante un cuestionario de satisfacción. El criterio de validación fue una concordancia mayor al 80,0%, analizado mediante el Content Validity Index (CVI), Coeficiente de Validación de Contenido (CVC), prueba binomial y estadística descriptiva para analizar las variables de satisfacción. La recolección de datos se realizó de enero a junio de 2022 para la etapa de validación; y en junio de 2023 para la etapa de evaluación realizada por los participantes del curso. Resultados: Todos los ítems lograron una concordancia superior al 80,0% con un CVI y un CVC total de 83,3% y 91,0%, respectivamente. Los participantes del curso coincidieron en una evaluación positiva en términos de organización de contenidos, coherencia entre teoría y práctica, navegabilidad, calidad de los materiales y posibilidad de aplicación en la práctica profesional. Conclusión: El curso en línea se consideró válido en términos de objetivos, estructura/presentación y relevancia. Por lo tanto, puede ofrecerse como un recurso educativo abierto para el perfeccionamiento de los profesionales de la salud y de enfermería con el fin de brindar cuidados posturales a los recién nacidos en ambientes críticos, y elevar la prestación de los cuidados del desarrollo.

RESUMO Objetivos: Validar o conteúdo de um curso on-line sobre cuidados posturais ao recém-nascido na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal e verificar a satisfação dos cursistas. Método: Estudo metodológico de validação de conteúdo por 13 juízes com expertise em neonatologia e educação on-line que responderam ao instrumento de validação de conteúdo educacional: e por 175 cursistas que avaliaram o curso mediante um questionário de satisfação. O critério para validação foi concordância superior a 80,0%, analisado por meio do Content Validity Index (CVI), Coeficiente de Validação de Conteúdo (CVC), teste binomial e estatística descritiva para análise das variáveis de satisfação. A coleta de dados ocorreu de janeiro a junho de 2022 para a etapa da validação; e no período de junho de 2023 para a etapa de avaliação realizada pelos cursistas. Resultados: Todos os itens obtiveram concordância superior a 80,0% com CVI e CVC total de 83,3% e 91,0%, respectivamente. Os cursistas avaliaram positivamente o curso quanto à organização do conteúdo, coerência entre teoria e prática, navegabilidade, qualidade dos materiais e possibilidade de aplicação na prática profissional. Conclusão: O curso on-line foi considerado válido no tocante aos objetivos, estrutura/apresentação e relevância. Portanto, pode ser ofertado como recurso educacional aberto no aperfeiçoamento de profissionais de saúde e enfermagem a fim de prestar o cuidado postural aos recém-nascidos em ambiente crítico, elevando o desempenho dos cuidados desenvolvimentais.

Estratégias de cuidado a pessoas que tentaram suicídio segundo a literatura / Care strategies for individuals who have attempted suicide according to literature / Estrategias de atención a personas que intentan suicidio según la literatura

O suicídio representa um problema de saúde pública e o cuidado desenvolvido com pessoas que tentam suicídio pode ser determinante para evitar a ocor-rência de novas tentativas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar as estra-tégias de cuidado às pessoas que tentam suicídio e mais especificamente seus alcances e limites. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura a partir de buscas nas bases Google Scholar, Scielo e Pepsic com a palavra-chave "tentativa de suicídio". Foram selecionados e lidos na íntegra oito artigos publicados entre 2006 e 2017. Destaca-se a importância do acolhimento, ações com a família, trabalho em equipe multiprofissional e encaminhamento para outros serviços da rede. Observam-se dificuldades do trabalho em rede, ausência de diálogo entre as equipes, dificuldades no cuidado de pessoas que tentam suicídio, falta de capacitação e problemas de infraestrutura. Ressalta-se a necessidade da educação permanente em saúde e o oferecimento de suporte psicossocial para os profissionais. (AU)

Suicide represents a public health issue, and the care provided to individuals who attempt suicide can play a crucial role in preventing further attempts. This study aimed to identify the care strategies for individuals who attempt suicide, specifically examining their effectiveness and limitations. A litera-ture review was conducted using searches in the Google Scholar, Scielo, and Pepsic databases with the keyword "suicide attempt." Eight articles published between 2006 and 2017 were selected for in-depth review. The importance of providing support, involving families, fostering multidisciplinary teamwork, and referring individuals to other network services is emphasized. Challenges in establishing effective networks, fostering communication among teams, addressing the complexities of caring for suicide attempt survivors, addressing training gaps, and overcoming infrastructure issues are observed. The need for ongoing health education and the provision of psychosocial support for healthcare professionals is underscored. (AU)

El suicidio es un problema de salud pública y la atención a las personas que intentan suicidarse puede ser determinante para prevenir nuevos intentos. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo identificar las estrategias de atención a las personas que intentan suicidarse, su alcance y límites. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura a partir de búsquedas en las bases de datos Google Scholar, Scielo y Pepsic con la palabra clave "intento de suicidio". Se seleccionaron ocho artículos publicados entre 2006 y 2017. Se destaca la importancia de la acogida, las acciones con la familia, el trabajo en equipo multiprofesional y la derivación a otros servicios de la red. Existen dificultades en el trabajo en red, ausencia de diálogo entre equipos, dificultades en la atención, falta de formación y problemas de infraestructura. Se enfatiza la necesidad de educación permanente para la salud y la provisión de apoyo psicosocial a los profesionales. (AU)

Pacientes portadores da Doença de Chagas: manejo odontológico: uma revisão narrativa da literatura / Patients with Chagas Disease: dental management: a narrative literature review

A doença de Chagas é uma infecção parasitária sistêmica causada pelo protozoário Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), descoberta em 1909, pelo médico e pesquisador brasileiro, Carlos Chagas. O objetivo deste estudo é discutir sobre as manifestações clínicas da Doença de Chagas e suas importantes implicações na Odontologia. Este artigo é baseado em um estudo de revisão narrativa da literatura, de abordagem qualitativa. O levantamento dos artigos foi realizado na base de dados PubMed, LILACS e SciELO totalizando 13 estudos utilizados para o complemento da pesquisa. A Doença de Chagas é transmitida pelo contato com as fezes do inseto vetor, chamado de "barbeiro" no Brasil. Quando a célula, a qual o protozoário invadiu, se rompe, os novos microrganismos procuram novas células para habitar, percorrendo o sangue e a linfa, atingido o coração, tubo digestivo e plexos nervosos. Ao afetar o tecido coronariano, os microrganismos instalam-se nas células cardíacas, principalmente nos fagolissomos, além de afetar o sistema cardíaco, a doença de Chagas pode apresentar envolvimento de mais dois importantes sistemas do corpo humano: sistema estomatognático e digestivo. No atendimento a pacientes chagásicos, que apresentam comprometimento cardíaco, o Cirurgião-Dentista precisa realizar anamnese bem detalhada a fim de se conhecer mais sobre a condição sistêmica do mesmo, protocolos de redução de estresse são imprescindíveis considerando que o atendimento odontológico induz um quadro de ansiedade nos pacientes. O conhecimento prévio sobre a doença de chagas é mandatório para o Cirurgião-Dentista, visto que as manifestações bucais da doença podem impactar diretamente na qualidade de vida desses indivíduos.

Chagas disease is a systemic parasitic infection caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), discovered in 1909 by the Brazilian physician and researcher, Carlos Chagas. The aim of this study is to discuss the clinical manifestations of Chagas disease and its important implications in Dentistry. This article is based on a narrative review of the literature, with a qualitative approach. The survey of articles was carried out in the PubMed, LILACS and SciELO databases, totaling 13 studies used to complement the research. Chagas disease is transmitted by contact with the feces of the vector insect, called "kissing bug" in Brazil. When the cell, which the protozoan invaded, ruptures, the new microorganisms look for new cells to inhabit, traveling through the blood and lymph, reaching the heart, digestive tract and nervous plexuses. By affecting the coronary tissue, the microorganisms settle in the cardiac cells, mainly in the phagosomes. In addition to affecting the cardiac system, Chagas disease can involve two more important systems of the human body: the stomatognathic and digestive systems. When caring for chagasic patients who have cardiac involvement, the dentist needs to carry out a very detailed anamnesis in order to learn more about their systemic condition, stress reduction protocols are essential considering that dental care induces a picture of anxiety in patients. Prior knowledge about Chagas disease is mandatory for the dentist, since the oral manifestations of the disease can directly impact the quality of life of these individuals.

Impactos da Pandemia da Covid-19 na Atuação de Profissionais de uma Unidade de Internação Psiquiátrica / Impacts of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Performance of Professionals in a Psychiatric Inpatient Unit / Impactos de la Pandemia Covid-19 en el Desempeño de los Profesionales en una Unidad de Hospitalización Psiquiátrica

No contexto de pandemia da covid-19, os profissionais de saúde têm sido expostos a situações que podem gerar sofrimento psicológico, como risco de contaminação, longas jornadas de trabalho, falta de equipamentos de proteção individual, estresse e ansiedade. Esta pesquisa investigou os impactos da pandemia da Covid-19 na atuação de profissionais de uma unidade de internação psiquiátrica em hospital geral. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida a partir de entrevistas com profissionais de saúde cujo roteiro continha, dentre outras, a seguinte pergunta: "A pandemia da Covid-19 provocou alterações na sua atuação profissional?". Para análise dos achados, optou-se pela análise temática. Estes apontaram que os desafios para o cuidar na pandemia envolviam alterações nas ações de cuidado, redução da equipe, aumento da carga de trabalho, falta de equipamentos de segurança, medo e ansiedade na equipe, o que implicou na necessidade de suporte psicossocial aos profissionais, pois a pandemia intensificou a vivência de situações difíceis preexistentes. Face ao exposto, observou-se a necessidade de diferentes adaptações para o desenvolvimento do trabalho na unidade pesquisada, que, frente ao clima de tensão instalado no serviço, contava com uma equipe reduzida de profissionais de saúde.

In the context of the covid-19 pandemic, health professionals have been exposed to situations that can produce psychological suffering, such as risk of contamination, extended working time, absence of personal protective equipment, stress, and anxiety. This research studies the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on the performance of professionals who work in the psychiatric unit into a general hospital. It is a qualitative research built up from interviews with health professionals whose script contained, among others, the following question: "Has Covid-19 pandemic brought changes in your professional performance?". In order to analyze the findings, we have chosen the thematic analysis approach. Data findings pointed out that the challenges for care in the pandemic encompass changes in the practices of care, staff reduction, increased workload, lack of safety equipment, fear, and anxiety in the team, which implies the need for psychosocial support for the professionals, once the pandemic has deepened the experience of pre-existing difficult situations. Based on the above, there was a need for some new adaptations for doing the work in the researched unit, which faces both an atmosphere of tension hovering in the workplace and a reduced team of health professionals.

En el contexto de la pandemia del covid-19, los profesionales de la salud se han visto expuestos a situaciones que pueden generar sufrimiento psicológico, como el riesgo de contaminación, largas jornadas laborales, falta de equipo de protección personal, estrés y ansiedad. Esta investigación investigó los impactos de la pandemia Covid-19 en el desempeño de los profesionales en una unidad de internación psiquiátrica en un hospital general. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, desarrollada a partir de entrevistas con profesionales de la salud cuyo guión contenía, entre otras, la siguiente pregunta: "¿La pandemia Covid-19 provocó cambios en su desempeño profesional?". Para analizar los hallazgos se eligió el análisis temático. Estos señalaron que los desafíos para la atención en la pandemia involucraron cambios en las acciones de atención, reducción de personal, aumento de la carga de trabajo, falta de equipos de seguridad, miedo y ansiedad en el equipo, lo que implica la necesidad de apoyo psicosocial a los profesionales, pues la pandemia intensificó la experiencia de situaciones difíciles preexistentes. Con base en lo anterior, fue necesario realizar diferentes adaptaciones para el desarrollo del trabajo en la unidad investigada, que contaba con un reducido equipo de profesionales de la salud y debido al ambiente de tensión instalado en el servicio.

Developing critical thinking skills through gamification.

Misinformation as well as the proliferation of fake news has been a problem during COVID-19 pandemic. This has affected many vulnerable communities in Brazil. The ability to understand and sort out pieces of reliable information and fake news has become a fundamental cognitive skill. In this study we report on the development of a serious game (a card-based role-playing game) using Brazilian folk heroes aimed to develop critical thinking skills to empower vulnerable communities affected by misinformation and fake news. Four groups located in the city of Goiânia (Brazil) participated in this research: one group of people experiencing homelessness; two groups of favela residents (one urban and one in the suburbs) and one group of recyclable material collectors from a cooperative. We gained entry and built trust with each of these groups and worked together for 10 months during the pandemic. We conducted participatory observations, individual interviews with each participant and discussed their daily interaction with information, specifically in the context of the covid-19 pandemic. The analyses of the observations and interview data gave us a glimpse of the communicative needs of the groups. Inserting players into a narrative where they can make decisions based on critical thinking and their own reflections on the pandemic was important for building knowledge and developing critical thinking in these communities. The nature of the game (interactive and cooperative) allowed participants to focus on problem-solving skills and group work. It encouraged them to use real-life knowledge and skills to solve the fictional problems presented by the narrative.

Ensiling Sorghum with Urea, Aerobic Exposure and Effects on Intake, Digestibility, Ingestive Behaviour and Blood Parameters of Feedlot Lambs.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of ensiling sorghum silage with urea and amending the aerobic exposure nutrients intake and apparent digestibility, ingestive behaviour and blood serum metabolites of feedlot lambs. Forty uncastrated crossbred Dorper × Santa Inês lambs, aged 150 ± 15 days and with an initial body weight of 21.73 ± 2.40 kg, were used. Animals were assigned in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Thus, six silage diets were produced with various urea addition levels (UA: 0 and 5 g/kg on a natural matter basis) and periods of aerobic exposure of silages (PAE: 0, 24 and 48 h). An effect was observed for nutrient intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre corrected for ash and protein (NDFap) and total digestive nutrients TDN (g/day) and for the total apparent digestibility of DM, OM and CP. There was an interaction effect between urea levels and aerobic exposure for ether extract (EE) and NDFap intakes (g/kg) and nonfibrous carbohydrate (NFC) digestibility (g/kg) (p = 0.012). The addition of 5 g/kg of urea to sorghum ensilage improved the digestibility parameters without changing dry matter intake and ingestive behaviour. The addition or not of urea does not change the blood parameters of the animals.

Treinamento de força com e sem instabilidade não melhora os níveis gerais de capacidade intrínseca em idosos com queixas cognitivas / Resistance training with and without instability does not improve overall levels of intrinsic capacity in older adults with cognitive complaints

INTRODUÇÃO: Capacidade intrínseca (CI) é um construto que engloba capacidades físicas e mentais para o autocuidado e envelhecimento saudável. A compreensão do papel potencial do treinamento resistido, com e sem instabilidade, para promover o CI precisa ser esclarecida. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto do treinamento de força sobre os níveis de capacidade intrínseca em idosos com queixas cognitivas. MÉTODOS: Idosos com queixas cognitivas (n=67) foram aleatoriamente designados para 12 semanas de TF tradicional (n=23), TF com dispositivos de instabilidade (TFI) (n=22) ou controle (n=22). Ambos os grupos de treinamento realizaram três séries de 10- 15 repetições. O grupo TFI realizou exercícios utilizando dispositivos de instabilidade. O grupo controle recebeu aulas semanais de educação em saúde. Os domínios da CI foram de mobilidade e velocidade da marcha (locomotora), função global e executiva (cognitivo), força de preensão e teste de caminhada de seis minutos (vitalidade), e sintomas depressivos e autoeficácia (psicológicos) por meio de escores-z compostos. Calculamos os níveis globais de CI pela soma de cada pontuação composta. RESULTADOS: Diferença significativa intragrupo nos níveis gerais de CI (∆TFI = +1.69, ∆TF = +1.30) e seus respectivos domínios (Locomoção: ∆TFI = +2.32, ∆TF = +3.21; Cognição: ∆TFI = +2.31; Vitalidade: ∆TFI = +1.23, ∆TF = +1.42; e Psicológico: ∆TFI = -0.65, ∆TF = -0.62). Contudo, não houve diferenças entre os grupos. Análise de sensibilidade mesclando os grupos de treinamento revelou diferença significativa para o domínio locomotor após 12 semanas (+1.97, p=0.045). CONCLUSÃO: Treinamento de força com e sem dispositivos de instabilidade não melhorou os níveis de CI em idosos com queixas cognitivas.

INTRODUCTION: Intrinsic capacity (IC) is a construct that encompasses physical and mental capacities important for self-care and healthy aging. Understanding the potential role of resistance training with and without instability to promote IC needs to be clarified. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of resistance training on intrinsic capacity levels in older adults with cognitive complaints. METHODS: Older adults with cognitive complaints (n=67) were randomly assigned to either 12 weeks of traditional RE (n=23), RE with instability devices (REI) (n=22), or control (n=22). Both training groups performed three sets of 10-15 repetitions. REI group performed each exercise using instability devices. The control group received weekly health education classes. IC domains were analyzed using mobility and gait velocity (locomotor), global and executive functioning (cognitive), grip strength and six-minute walking test (vitality), and depressive symptoms and self-efficacy (psychological) through z-composite scores. We computed global levels of IC by the sum of each composite score. RESULTS: A significant within-group difference (improvement) in overall levels of IC (∆REI = +1.69, ∆RE = +1.30) and all their domains (Locomotion: ∆REI = +2.32, ∆RE = +3.21; Cognition: ∆REI = +2.31; Vitality: ∆REI = +1.23, ∆RE = +1.42; and Psychological: ∆REI = -0.65, ∆RE = -0.62). However, no between-group differences were observed at the completion of the trial. Sensitivity analysis merging training groups revealed a between-group difference for the locomotor domain (+1.97, p=0.045). CONCLUSION: Resistance training with and without instability devices did not improve IC levels among older adults with cognitive complaints.

Ações e condições da privação de liberdade, segundo dissertações de mestrado (2007-2016) / Actuaciones y condiciones de privación de libertad según tesis de maestría (2007-2016) / Actions and conditions of deprivation of liberty according to master's dissertations (2007-2016)

RESUMO Em seu capítulo sobre medidas socioeducativas, o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) propõe a aplicação de medidas a adolescentes autores de atos infracionais, cujo caráter deve ser educativo e não punitivo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi mapear as dissertações indexadas na base Capes sobre a privação de liberdade de adolescentes defendidas entre 2007 e 2016 que respondiam ao problema de pesquisa: 'Quais as contribuições da privação de liberdade como medida socioeducativa para o desenvolvimento de jovens no Brasil?', tendo sido identificadas 1.133 dissertações. Para atender ao objetivo proposto, realizou-se uma pesquisa documental, na qual foram selecionadas 174 dissertações e foi possível perceber vários problemas na execução da medida socioeducativa e que estão em desacordo com as prescrições do Sinase. Em muitos casos, a concepção punitiva se sobrepõe ao aspecto pedagógico, levando a uma aproximação entre o sistema socioeducativo e o sistema prisional. Destaca-se a necessidade de os órgãos responsáveis fiscalizarem os centros socioeducativos para a garantia do cumprimento das normativas.

RESUMEN En su capítulo sobre medidas socioeducativas, el Estatuto de la Infancia y de la Adolescencia (ECA) propone la aplicación de medidas a los adolescentes que han cometido infracciones cuyo carácter debe ser educativo y no punitivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue mapear las disertaciones indexadas en la base de datos CAPES sobre la privación de libertad de adolescentes defendidas entre 2007 y 2016 que respondió al problema de investigación: '¿Cuáles son las contribuciones de la privación de libertad como una medida socioeducativa para el desarrollo de los jóvenes en Brasil?', habiendo sido identificados 1133 disertaciones. Para cumplir con el objetivo propuesto, se realizó una investigación documental, en la que se seleccionaron 174 disertaciones y se pudo percibir varios problemas en la ejecución de la medida socioeducativa y que están en desacuerdo con las prescripciones del SINASE. En muchos casos, la concepción punitiva se superpone al aspecto pedagógico, lo que lleva a una aproximación entre el sistema socioeducativo y el sistema penitenciario. Se destaca la necesidad de que los organismos responsables inspeccionen los centros socioeducativos para garantizar el cumplimiento de la normativa.

ABSTRACT In its chapter on socio-educational measures, the Statute of Children and Adolescents (ECA) proposes the application of measures to adolescents who have committed infractions whose character must be educational and not punitive. The objective of this work was to map the dissertations indexed in the CAPES database on the deprivation of liberty of adolescents defended between 2007 and 2016 that answered the research problem: 'What are the contributions of the deprivation of liberty as a socio-educational measure for the development of young people in Brazil?', having identified 1133 dissertations defended in this period. In order to meet the proposed objective, a documentary research was carried out, in which 174 dissertations were selected and it was possible to perceive several problems in the execution of the socio-educational measure and which are in disagreement with the SINASE prescriptions. In many cases, the punitive conception overlaps the pedagogical aspect, leading to an approximation between the socio-educational system and the prison system. The need for the responsible bodies to inspect the socio-educational centers is highlighted in order to guarantee compliance with the regulations.

Significados e ações frente à automutilação no contexto educacional brasileiro: revisão sistemática / The meanings and practices regarding self-mutilation in the brazilian educational context: a systematic review

Buscou-se descrever como a automutilação é compreendida pelas instituições de ensino e quais são as ações realizadas frente ao fenômeno, a partir de uma revisão sistemática de literatura. Em busca no Portal BVS, SciELO e no Catálogo de Teses da Capes, utilizando os descritores automutilação, autolesão, comportamento autolesivo e comportamento autodestrutivo, selecionou-se 20 documentos que foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Identificou-se que os estudos são recentes, predominantemente qualitativos, influenciados pela Análise do Comportamento e Psicanálise, e desenvolvidos junto a adolescentes de escolas públicas. A automutilação foi compreendida como decorrente de condições fisiológicas, forma de dar sentido ao sofrimento, resultado de contágio social, tentativa de comunicação, manifestação de ideação suicida e comportamento de indivíduos com desenvolvimento atípico. Há poucos relatos de intervenção frente ao problema, abarcando práticas clínicas, preventivas e de formação profissional. Destaca-se a necessidade da ampliação de práticas nas escolas compreendendo a automutilação numa perspectiva social e coletiva.

Se buscó describir cómo la automutilación es comprendida por las instituciones de enseñanza y cuáles las acciones realizadas frente al fenómeno, a partir de una revisión sistemática de literatura. En búsqueda en el Portal BVS, SciELO y en el Catálogo de Tesis de la Capes, utilizándose los descriptores automutilación, autolesión, comportamiento autolesivo y comportamiento autodestructivo, se seleccionó 20 documentos que se sometieron al análisis de contenido. Se identificó que los estudios son recientes, predominantemente cualitativos, influenciados por el Análisis del Comportamiento y Psicoanálisis, y desarrollados junto a adolescentes de escuelas públicas. La automutilación fue comprendida como resultante de condiciones fisiológicas, forma de dar sentido al sufrimiento, resultado de contagio social, tentativa de comunicación, manifestación de ideación suicida y comportamiento de individuos con desarrollo atípico. Hay pocos relatos de intervención frente al problema, abarcando prácticas clínicas, preventivas y de formación profesional. Se destaca la necesidad de la ampliación de prácticas en las escuelas comprendiendo la automutilación en una perspectiva social y colectiva.

In this article we sought to describe how self-mutilation is understood by educational institutions and what are the actions taken in the face of the phenomenon, based on a systematic literature review. Searching the BVS Portal, SciELO and the Capes Theses Catalog, using the index terms self-mutilation, self-injury, self-injurious behavior and self-destructive behavior, 20 documents were selected and submitted to content analysis. It was identified that the studies are recent, predominantly qualitative, influenced by Behavior Analysis and Psychoanalysis, and developed with adolescents from public schools. Self-mutilation was understood as resulting from physiological conditions, way of giving meaning to suffering, result of social contagion, communication attempt, manifestation of suicidal ideation and behavior of individuals with atypical development. There are few reports of intervention in the face of the problem, covering clinical, preventive and professional training practices. The need to implement interventions in schools, based on social and collective understandings of self-mutilation, is highlighted.

Violência doméstica contra a mulher: relato de mulheres atendidas na atenção básica nas zonas leste e centro-sul na cidade de Manaus / Domestic violence against women: report of women attended in basic attention in the east and center-south in the city of Manaus / Violencia doméstica contra la mujer: denuncia de mujeres atendidas en atención básica en el este y centro-sur de la ciudad de Manaos

Objetivo: descrever os casos de violência doméstica contra mulheres usuárias de serviços de saúde na Atenção Primária nas Zonas Leste e Centro-Sul de Manaus. Metodologia: tratou-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa realizado nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde Gebes de Melo Medeiros Filho e Theomário Pinto da Costa, localizadas em bairros de Zonas distintas de Manaus-AM. A amostra foi constituída por 20 mulheres cadastradas em cada UBS, somando ao todo 40 participantes. Na coleta de dados, foi utilizado um formulário com roteiro estruturado. Resultados: a maioria das entrevistadas têm 50 anos ou mais, possuem ensino médio completo e estão solteiras; o tipo de agressão prevalente foi a violência psicológica (87,5%); a maioria das participantes não denunciou a violência sofrida (85%); predominou como local de ocorrência da violência, a própria residência (90%) da vítima. Conclusão: diante do impacto social ocasionado às vítimas, é necessário que o profissional atuante na Atenção Primária saiba identificar, orientar e encaminhar os casos de violência contra a mulher, a fim de contribuir não somente na interrupção do ciclo de violência, aumentando o número de denúncias e reduzindo os casos.

Objective: to describe the cases of domestic violence against women users of health services in Primary Care in the East and South-Central of Manaus. Methodology: it was a descriptive study, with a quantitative approach carried out in the Basic Health Units Gebes de Melo Medeiros Filho and Theomário Pinto da Costa, located in neighborhoods of distinct Zones of Manaus-AM. The sample consisted of 20 women registered in each BHU, adding up to 40 participants. In the data collection, a form with a structured script was used. Results: most of the interviewees are 50 years or older, have a full high school and are single; the type of aggression prevalent was psychological violence (87.5%); most of the participants did not report the violence suffered (85%); predominated as the place of occurrence of violence, the victim's own residence (90%). Conclusion: in view of the social impact caused to the victims, it is necessary that the professional acting in Primary Care know how to identify, guide and forward cases of violence against women, in order to contribute not only to the interruption of the cycle of violence, increasing the number of complaints and reducing the cases.

Objetivo: describir los casos de violencia intrafamiliar contra mujeres usuarias de servicios de salud en Atención Primaria en el Oriente y Centro-Sur de Manaos. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo, en las Unidades Básicas de Salud Gebes de Melo Medeiros Filho y Theomário Pinto da Costa, ubicadas en barrios de distintas Zonas de Manaos-AM. La muestra estuvo conformada por 20 mujeres inscritas en cada BHU, sumando hasta 40 participantes. En la recolección de datos se utilizó un formulario con un script estructurado. Resultados: la mayoría de los entrevistados tienen 50 años o más, bachillerato completo y solteros; el tipo de agresión predominante fue la violencia psicológica (87,5%); la mayoría de los participantes no reportaron la violencia sufrida (85%); predominó como lugar de ocurrencia de la violencia, la propia residencia de la víctima (90%). Conclusión: en vista del impacto social causado a las víctimas, es necesario que el profesional que actúa en Atención Primaria sepa identificar, orientar y avanzar los casos de violencia contra las mujeres, con el fin de contribuir no solo a la interrupción del ciclo de violencia, aumentando el número de denuncias y reduciendo los casos.

Levantamento epidemiológico dos casos de tuberculose no Brasil e ações alternativas para auxiliar no tratamento / Epidemiological survey of tuberculosis cases in Brazil and alternative actions to aid in treatment / Estudio epidemiológico de los casos de tuberculosis en Brasil y acciones alternativas para ayudar al tratamiento

tuberculose é uma das doenças infectocontagiosas de maior importância no Brasil e no mundo. Afeta de forma importante populações em situação de vulnerabilidade social e econômica. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento do número de casos notificados de tuberculose no Brasil nos últimos 10 anos (2011 a 2021), avaliar os fatores que afetam a transmissão, bem como discutir o tratamento padrão e com fitoterápicos. O levantamento epidemiológico dos casos de tuberculose no Brasil de janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2021 foi realizado dentre os notificados pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Os resultados indicaram um aumento linear de casos a partir de 2017 com 90.776 casos diagnosticados, em 2018 (94.720) e 2019 (96.655). Acredita-se que o aumento linear da tuberculose neste período pode estar relacionado principalmente com o aumento da pobreza, contudo o compartilhamento de utensílios durante o uso de narguilé podem representar fatores de risco para tuberculose. Seis plantas medicinais afetam diretamente as micobactérias (Chenopodium ambrosioides, Tetradenia riparia, Physalis angulata, Origanum vulgare, Eucalyptus globulus, Mikania glomerata) e cinco plantas com atividade antibacteriana auxiliam no trato respiratório (Nasturtium officinale, Allium sativum, Schinus terebinthifolius, Adiantum capillus-veneris, Allium cepa). Contudo, a tuberculose é uma doença reemergente sendo necessária a adoção de políticas públicas que intensifiquem e implementem medidas sócio-educativas para a implantação do uso de fitoterápicos como medida complementar.

Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases in Brazil and worldwide. It significantly affects populations in situations of social and economic vulnerability. This study aimed to survey the number of reported tuberculosis cases in Brazil in the last 10 years (2011 to 2021) to assess the factors that affect the transmission and discuss standard and herbal treatments. The epidemiological survey of tuberculosis cases in Brazil from January 2011 to December 2021 was carried out among those notified by the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). The results indicated a linear increase in cases from 2017, with 90,776 diagnosed cases, in 2018 (94,720) and 2019 (96,655). It is believed that the linear increase in tuberculosis in this period may be mainly related to the increase in poverty. However, the sharing of utensils during the use of hookah may represent risk factors for tuberculosis. Six medicinal plants directly affect mycobacteria (Chenopodium ambrosioides, Tetradenia riparia, Physalis angulata, Origanum vulgare, Eucalyptus globulus, Mikania glomerata), and five plants with antibacterial activity help in the respiratory tract (Nasturtium officinale, Allium sativum, Schinus terebinthifolius, Adiantum capillus-veneris, Allium cepa). However, tuberculosis is a re-emerging disease, and it is necessary to adopt public policies that intensify and implement socio-educational measures for using herbal medicines as a complementary measure.

La tuberculosis es una de las enfermedades infecciosas más importantes en Brasil y en el mundo. Afecta significativamente a las poblaciones en situación de vulnerabilidad social y económica. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una encuesta sobre el número de casos notificados de tuberculosis en Brasil en los últimos 10 años (2011 a 2021), para evaluar los factores que afectan a la transmisión, así como para discutir el tratamiento estándar y con fitoterapias. La encuesta epidemiológica de los casos de tuberculosis en Brasil desde enero de 2011 hasta diciembre de 2021 se realizó entre los notificados por el Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Los resultados indicaron un aumento lineal de casos desde 2017 con 90.776 casos diagnosticados, en 2018 (94.720) y 2019 (96.655). Se cree que el aumento lineal de la tuberculosis en este periodo puede estar relacionado principalmente con el aumento de la pobreza, aunque el hecho de compartir los utensilios durante el uso de la shisha puede representar factores de riesgo para la tuberculosis. Seis plantas medicinales afectan directamente a las micobacterias (Chenopodium ambrosioides, Tetradenia riparia, Physalis angulata, Origanum vulgare, Eucalyptus globulus, Mikania glomerata) y cinco plantas con actividad antibacteriana ayudan a las vías respiratorias (Nasturtium officinale, Allium sativum, Schinus terebinthifolius, Adiantum capillus-veneris, Allium cepa). Sin embargo, la tuberculosis es una enfermedad reemergente siendo necesaria la adopción de políticas públicas que intensifiquen e implementen medidas socioeducativas para la implementación del uso de fitoterápicos como medida complementaria.

The fewer, the better fare: Can the loss of vegetation in the Cerrado drive the increase in dengue fever cases infection?

Several studies have reported the relationship of deforestation with increased incidence of infectious diseases, mainly due to the deregulation caused in these environments. The purpose of this study was to answer the following questions: a) is increased loss of vegetation related to dengue cases in the Brazilian Cerrado? b) how do different regions of the tropical savanna biome present distinct patterns for total dengue cases and vegetation loss? c) what is the projection of a future scenario of deforestation and an increased number of dengue cases in 2030? Thus, this study aimed to assess the relationship between loss of native vegetation in the Cerrado and dengue infection. In this paper, we quantify the entire deforested area and dengue infection cases from 2001 to 2019. For data analyses, we used Poisson generalized linear model, descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, non-parametric statistics, and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models to predict loss of vegetation and fever dengue cases for the next decade. Cluster analysis revealed the formation of four clusters among the states. Our results showed significant increases in loss of native vegetation in all states, with the exception of Piauí. As for dengue cases, there were increases in the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Mato Grosso. Based on projections for 2030, Minas Gerais will register about 4,000 dengue cases per 100,000 inhabitants, São Paulo 750 dengue cases per 100,000 inhabitants, and Mato Grosso 500 dengue cases per 100,000 inhabitants. To reduce these projections, Brazil will need to control deforestation and implement public health, environmental and social policies, requiring a joint effort from all spheres of society.

Evaluation of Gastroprotective Activity of Linoleic Acid on Gastric Ulcer in a Mice Model.

BACKGROUND: Gastric ulcer has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and it has been linked to factors such as nutritional deficiency, smoking, stress, and continuous intake of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The search for new anti-ulcer therapeutic agents has been the subject of several studies. Recently, the gastroprotective effect of Celtis iguanaea has been reported, with linoleic acid (LA) responsible for many of the therapeutic effects of this medicinal plant. AIMS: This study aims to investigate the gastroprotective activity and the possible mechanisms in which LA may be involved through different experimental assays in mice. METHODS: The gastroprotective activity of LA was evaluated in the ulcer induced by indomethacin, HCl/EtOH, hypothermic-restraint stress and pyloric ligation. For the investigation of gastroprotective mechanisms, the quantification of the volume (mL), pH and total acidity of gastric secretion were considered. RESULTS: The oral administrations of 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg of body weight of LA were capable of protecting the gastric mucosa against HCl/ethanol (10 mL/kg p.o.), and oral/intraduodenal treatment administrations of 50 mg/kg LA showed protection from ulcers induced by indomethacin, hypothermic-restraint stress and pyloric ligation. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show the gastroprotective role of LA in gastric mucosal damage induced by all assayed distresses. The observed gastroprotection possibly occurs due to the mediated increase of mucosal defensive factors.

Glyphosate hormesis attenuates water deficit stress in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) by modulating physiological and biochemical mediators.

Changes in photosynthetic machinery can induce physiological and biochemical damage in plants. Low doses of glyphosate have been shown to exert a positive effect in mitigating the deleterious effects of water deficit in plants. Here, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of safflower plants (Carthamus tinctorius L.) were studied under conditions of water deficit mediated by the attenuating effect of low-dose glyphosate. The plants were divided into two groups of water regimes in soil, without water deficit (-10 kPa) and with water deficit (-70 kPa), and were exposed to different concentrations of glyphosate (0, 1.8, 3.6, 7.2, 18, 36, 72, 180, 360, and 720 g a.e. ha-1). Evident protective responses at the physiological and biochemical levels were obtained after applying low doses of glyphosate to plants under water deficit, with a limiting dose for the occurrence of hormesis (LDS) = 72 g a.e. ha-1. The water deficit in plants resulted in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation and consequently lipid peroxidation (LPO) associated with the accumulation of shikimic acid and glyphosate in plants, which triggered an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) that act by dismuting the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), maintaining, and/or increasing the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII), electron transport rate (ETR), photochemical extinction coefficient (qP), and non-photochemical extinction coefficient (NPQ). APX appears to be the main enzyme involved in eliminating H2O2. Low doses of glyphosate act as water deficit ameliorators, allowing the plant to maintain/increase metabolism at physiological and biochemical levels by activating antioxidant enzymes in the dismutation of ROS in safflower plants.

Anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of new phenylpiperazine derivative LQFM005 and its hydroxylated metabolite in mice.

The current treatments available for anxiety and depression are only palliative. Full remission has remained elusive, characterizing unmet medical needs. In the scope of an academic drug discovery program, we describe here the design, synthesis, in vitro metabolism prediction and pharmacological characterization of a new piperazine compound, 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-((1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)piperazine (LQFM005), and of its main putative metabolite, 4-(4-((4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)- 1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenol (LQFM235). The production of the metabolite was initially performed by in vitro biotransformation of LQFM005 using Aspergillus candidus and then by chemical synthesis. Oral administration of either 12 or 24 µmol/kg LQFM005 to mice did not affect spontaneous locomotor activity but increased the time spent in the center of the open field. Both LQFM005 and LQFM235 (24 µmol/kg) increased the time spent by the mice in the open arms of the elevated plus maze (EPM), a good indication of anxiolytic-like effect, and decreased the immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST), suggesting an antidepressant-like effect. The previous administration of WAY-100635 (a 5-HT1A antagonist) abolished the effects of LQFM005 in both EPM and FST. Binding experiments showed that LQFM005 and its metabolite bind to the 5-HT1A receptor with a moderate affinity (Ki around 5-9 µM). The two compounds are relatively safe, as indicated by cytotoxic assessment using the 3T3 fibroblast cell line and estimated LD50 around 600 mg/kg. In conclusion, oral administration of the newly synthesized phenylpiperazines produced anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects in behavioral tests, putatively in part through the activation of 5-HT1A receptors.

The influence of low-fidelity simulator training on canine peripheral venous puncture procedure.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Blood collection from dogs is the most commonly performed procedure in the medical clinic. However, different factors can interfere with the quality of the material collected, potentially causing complications for patients. Simulated skill training is a teaching strategy designed to provide early training to students, develop their skills and self-confidence, and increase the procedure's success while reducing complications. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate skill training using a low-fidelity simulator in the peripheral venipuncture procedure and examine the training's influence on the in vivo procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To assess skill training, this study used a low-fidelity simulator in the peripheral venipuncture procedure and examines the training's effect on the in vivo procedure. In total, 100 dogs, 65 undergraduate students, 3 veterinarians, and 4 previously trained evaluators participated. The canine in vivo venipuncture procedure was evaluated both before and after the simulated skill training and the low-fidelity simulator training. Data were collected on participants' self-confidence levels. RESULTS: Local complications occurred during in vivo practice; however, after training, they decreased. Gloves were more frequently used during the procedure, resulting in a reduction of both harvest attempts and complications, as well as increased levels of self-confidence in post-training participants. The simulator developed had low fidelity, low cost, and was easy to create. CONCLUSION: Skill training in peripheral venipuncture using a low-fidelity simulator positively influences student learning, increases their self-confidence during in vivo harvesting, and reduces the complications of the procedure, improving patient well-being.

Supplementation with L-Arginine Decreases Jejunal Lesions and Micronucleus Formation Induced by 5-Fluorouracil in Rats.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of L-arginine supplementation on the formation of jejunal lesions and micronuclei in Wistar rats following 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment. Fifty rats were separated into five groups: CG served as the control group, GArg was supplemented L-arginine, G5-FU was administered 5-FU, GArg+5-FU was supplemented L-arginine/day and administered 5-FU, and Gciclo served as a positive control group for micronuclei formation. Jejunal lesions were assessed by histopathological analysis using a scoring system with a maximum of 39 points, based on the following lesions: lymph vessel dilatation, cubic enterocytes, villous flattening, villus fusion, interstitial edema, and apical necrosis of the villi. Micronuclei were counted in polychromatic erythrocytes from the femur bone marrow. The control and GArg rats had the lowest number of jejunal lesions (6.4 ± 2.8 and 5.3 ± 2.4, respectively) and micronuclei (1.9 ± 0.6 and 1.1 ± 0.3, respectively) while the G5-FU rats had the highest number of jejunal lesions (24.2 ± 4.9) and micronuclei (36.0 ± 8.5). The GArg+5-FU rats showed significantly reduced (P < 0.05) jejunal lesions (10.2 ± 4.9) and micronuclei (15.4 ± 5.9). In conclusion L-arginine supplementation potentially reduces the jejunal lesions and DNA damage caused by 5-FU.