Effects of fractionation and ionizing radiation dose on the chemical composition and microhardness of enamel.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the chemical and mechanical properties of enamel submitted to different in vitro radiation protocols. DESIGN: Third molars were divided into seven groups (n = 8): non-irradiated (NI); a single dose of 30 Gy (SD30), 50 Gy (SD50), or 70 Gy (SD70) of radiation; or fractional radiation doses of up to 30 Gy (FD30), 50 Gy (FD50), or 70 Gy (FD70). Hemisections were analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Knoop microhardness (KHN) test. One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's post-hoc test compared the test groups with the NI. Two-way ANOVA was performed for the fractionation and radiation dose, followed by Bonferroni's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: FTIR revealed differences for the amide I band between the NI and FD50 and NI and FD70 groups (p < 0.001). For the organic matrix/mineral ratio, the FD70 group presented a lower ratio compared to NI (p = 0.009). Excluding the NI group, there were differences between the FD30 and FD50 (p = 0.045) and the FD30 and FD70 groups (p < 0.001). For EDS, there were differences for Ca (p = 0.011) and Ca/P (p < 0.001), with the FD70 group presenting lower values compared to NI (p = 0.015; p < 0.001). For KHN, the FD70 group presented lower values than the NI (p = 0.002). Two-way ANOVA showed difference for the dose (p < 0.001), with the 70 Gy group presenting a lower KHN value within the fractionated groups. CONCLUSION: Fractional doses 70 Gy irradiation caused chemical and mechanical changes to enamel. Radiation applied in single or fractional doses produced different effects to enamel.

Gravidez e dinâmica familiar na perspectiva de adolescentes / Pregnancy and family dynamics from the perspective of teenagers / El embarazo y la dinámica familiar desde la perspectiva de los adolescentes

A gravidez na adolescência pode significar uma rápida passagem da situaçãode filha para a de mãe, em uma transição do papel social de mulher, ainda em formação,para o de adulta, trazendo à tona uma situação de crise de identidade e conflitos. Aresponsabilidade precoce imposta pela gravidez, paralela a um processo deamadurecimento, ainda em curso, resulta em dificuldades de enfrentamento diante dasnovas responsabilidades. A evasão escolar, sentimentos de insegurança, medo, e emalguns casos, até de alegria podem evidenciar situação nova. Assim, com a descobertada gravidez, são desencadeadas repercussões que afetam tanto a adolescente quantoseu contexto social e familiar. O apoio familiar torna-se necessário para que a gestaçãoocorra de forma saudável e oriente a adolescente quanto às perspectivas futuras. Objetivasecompreender as reações familiares diante da gravidez de adolescentes. Abordagemqualitativa. São realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com adolescentes grávidas comidade menor ou igual a 16 anos, entre fevereiro e maio de 2012. Utiliza-se Análise deConteúdo na modalidade Temática. Assim, a partir do estudo percebe-se que a gravidezé encarada como um problema na família, provocando questões individuais e coletivasque envolvem abandono escolar e conflitos familiares. Além disso, o aspecto familiar e amotivação para a gravidez constituem importantes influências na forma como a adolescentelida com as expectativas de futuro e que pode comprometer inclusive, a relação mãebebê.A chegada do bebê reorganiza a configuração familiar levando a mudanças emprol da nova constituição familiar e, apesar da “gravidez problema”, o bebê é aceito(AU)

Teenage pregnancy can mean a quick passage of the situation of daughter tomother, in a transition of its social role as a woman still in training into an adult,bringing up a situation of conflict and psychological identity crisis. The early responsibilityimposed by pregnancy, parallel to a maturing process, still ongoing, results in difficultiesof coping with the new responsibilities. The school dropout, feelings of insecurity, fear and in some cases, even joy can highlight the new situation. Thus, with the discoveryof the pregnancy, repercussions that affect both the adolescent and their social andfamily context are triggered. Family support becomes necessary for pregnancy tooccur in a healthy way and to guide the teenager about future prospects. The objectiveis to understand family reactions to teenager pregnancy. Qualitative approach. Semistructuredinterviews were conducted with pregnant adolescents less than or equal to16 years old in the period from February to May 2012. We used content analysis inTheme mode. Thus, from the study it was realized that pregnancy is seen as a problemin the family, causing individual and collective issues involving school dropout andfamily conflicts. Moreover, the familiar aspect and the motivation for pregnancy areimportant influences on the way the adolescent deals with future expectations andmay undermine even the mother-infant relationship. The arrival of the baby reorganizesthe family configuration leading to changes in favor of the new familiar constitution and,despite the “problem pregnancy”, the baby is accepted(AU)

El embarazo en la adolescencia puede significar un rápido paso de la hija ala madre en una transición de su papel social como mujer, aun en formación hacia eladulto, desarrollando crisis de identidad y conflicto psicológico. La responsabilidadtemprana impuesta por el embarazo, en paralelo a un proceso de maduración aún encurso, se traduce en dificultades para hacer frente a nuevas responsabilidades. Elabandono escolar, sentimientos de inseguridad, miedo y en algunos casos, alegría,pueden resaltar esta nueva situación. Así, con el descubrimiento del embarazo, sedesencadenan algunas repercusiones que afectan tanto al adolescente como su contextosocial y familiar. El apoyo familiar se hace necesario para que el embarazo se desarrollede manera saludable y oriente al adolescente sobre las perspectivas futuras. El objetivoes entender las reacciones de la familia ante el embarazo adolescente. Es empleadoel enfoque cualitativo, a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas realizadas aadolescentes embarazadas con edades menor o igual a 16 años de edad; estas sellevaron a cabo entre febrero y mayo de 2012. Se utiliza el análisis de contenido tipotemático. De este modo, a partir del estudio se puede observar que el embarazo esvisto como un problema en la familia, causando dificultades individuales y colectivasque implican el abandono escolar y conflictos familiares. Por otra parte, el aspectofamiliar y la motivación para el embarazo constituyen influencias importantes en laforma en que el adolescente lidia con las expectativas futuras, pudiendo comprometerla relación madre-hijo. La llegada del bebé reorganiza la configuración familiar, generandomudanzas que apuntan a una nueva constitución familiar, la cual, a pesar del “problemadel embarazo”, acepta al bebé(AU)

Depression after CABG: a prospective study / Depressão após revascularização do miocárdio: um estudo prospectivo

INTRODUCTION: Depression during or shortly after hospitalization elevated two to three times the risk of mortality or nonfatal cardiac events, significantly increasing the morbidity and mortality of these patients. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of revascularization on symptoms of depression in patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 57 patients of both sexes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting between June 2010 and June 2011. We used the SF-36 to assess quality of life, and the Beck Depression Inventory to detect depressive symptoms, applied preoperatively and six months. RESULTS: The prevalence of patients aged 60-69 years was 22 patients (38.60%), 39 men (68.42%), 26 described themselves as mixed race (45.61%), 16 literate (28.07 %) and 30 married (52.63%). The beck depression inventory score demonstrated increased after revascularization: 15 patients mild (26.32%) at time zero to 17 (29.82%) after. And with moderate, seven patients (12.28%) before and 10 (17.54%) after. In the categories of individuals with decreased minimum degree of 32 (56.14%) to 28 (49.12%), and severe of three (5.26%) for two (3.51%) patients. Association was observed between beck depression inventory, gender, age, lifestyle, comorbidities and quality of life. CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of elevated beck depression inventory scores, lowest scores of depressive symptoms among men and association between the improvement of quality of life scores and beck depression inventory.

INTRODUÇÃO: A depressão durante ou logo após a hospitalização, eleva duas a três vezes o risco de mortalidade ou eventos cardíacos não-fatais, aumentando sensivelmente a morbimortalidade desses pacientes. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto da revascularização do miocárdio nos sintomas de depressão de pacientes portadores de doença arterial coronariana. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte prospectivo de 57 pacientes de ambos os sexos, submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio, entre junho de 2010 e junho de 2011. Foram utilizados os questionários SF-36 para avaliar a qualidade de vida, e o Inventário de Depressão Beck para detectar sintomas depressivos, aplicados no pré-operatório e após seis meses. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de pacientes na faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos foi de 22 (38,60%) pacientes, 39 (68,42%) homens, 26(45,61%) autodeclarados pardos, 16 (28,07%) alfabetizados e 30 (52,63%) casados. O escore Inventário de Depressão Beck demonstrou aumento após a revascularização de 15 (26,32%) pacientes em grau leve no momento zero para 17 (29,82%) após. E com grau moderado, sete (12,28%) pacientes antes e 10 (17,54%) após. Nas categorias de indivíduos com grau mínimo houve redução de 32 (56,14%) para 28 (49,12%) e grave de três (5,26%) para dois (3,51%) pacientes. Observou-se associação entre Inventário de Depressão Beck, sexo, idade, estilo de vida, comorbidades e a qualidade vida. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se elevada prevalência de escores elevados de inventário de depressão Beck, piores escores de sintomas depressivos entre homens e associação entre a melhoria dos escores de qualidade de vida e o Inventário de Depressão Beck.

Depression after CABG: a prospective study.

INTRODUCTION: Depression during or shortly after hospitalization elevated two to three times the risk of mortality or nonfatal cardiac events, significantly increasing the morbidity and mortality of these patients. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of revascularization on symptoms of depression in patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 57 patients of both sexes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting between June 2010 and June 2011. We used the SF-36 to assess quality of life, and the Beck Depression Inventory to detect depressive symptoms, applied preoperatively and six months. RESULTS: The prevalence of patients aged 60-69 years was 22 patients (38.60%), 39 men (68.42%), 26 described themselves as mixed race (45.61%), 16 literate (28.07 %) and 30 married (52.63%). The beck depression inventory score demonstrated increased after revascularization: 15 patients mild (26.32%) at time zero to 17 (29.82%) after. And with moderate, seven patients (12.28%) before and 10 (17.54%) after. In the categories of individuals with decreased minimum degree of 32 (56.14%) to 28 (49.12%), and severe of three (5.26%) for two (3.51%) patients. Association was observed between beck depression inventory, gender, age, lifestyle, comorbidities and quality of life. CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of elevated beck depression inventory scores, lowest scores of depressive symptoms among men and association between the improvement of quality of life scores and beck depression inventory.