IgM antibody responses against Plasmodium antigens in neotropical primates in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

Introduction: Zoonotic transmission is a challenge for the control and elimination of malaria. It has been recorded in the Atlantic Forest, outside the Amazon which is the endemic region in Brazil. However, only very few studies have assessed the antibody response, especially of IgM antibodies, in Neotropical primates (NP). Therefore, in order to contribute to a better understanding of the immune response in different hosts and facilitate the identification of potential reservoirs, in this study, naturally acquired IgM antibody responses against Plasmodium antigens were evaluated, for the first time, in NP from the Atlantic Forest. Methods: The study was carried out using 154 NP samples from three different areas of the Atlantic Forest. IgM antibodies against peptides of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) from different Plasmodium species and different erythrocytic stage antigens were detected by ELISA. Results: Fifty-nine percent of NP had IgM antibodies against at least one CSP peptide and 87% against at least one Plasmodium vivax erythrocytic stage antigen. Levels of antibodies against PvAMA-1 were the highest compared to the other antigens. All families of NP showed IgM antibodies against CSP peptides, and, most strikingly, against erythrocytic stage antigens. Generalized linear models demonstrated that IgM positivity against PvCSP and PvAMA-1 was associated with PCR-detectable blood-stage malaria infection and the host being free-living. Interestingly, animals with IgM against both PvCSP and PvAMA-1 were 4.7 times more likely to be PCR positive than animals that did not have IgM for these two antigens simultaneously. Discussion: IgM antibodies against different Plasmodium spp. antigens are present in NP from the Atlantic Forest. High seroprevalence and antibody levels against blood-stage antigens were observed, which had a significant association with molecular evidence of infection. IgM antibodies against CSP and AMA-1 may be used as a potential marker for the identification of NP infected with Plasmodium, which are reservoirs of malaria in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

Longitudinal study of humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 of health professionals in Brazil: the impact of booster dose and reinfection on antibody dynamics.

Introduction: The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has had a major impact on health systems. Vaccines have been shown to be effective in improving the clinical outcome of COVID-19, but they are not able to fully prevent infection and reinfection, especially that caused by new variants. Methods: Here, we tracked for 450 days the humoral immune response and reinfection in 52 healthcare workers from Brazil. Infection and reinfection were confirmed by RT-qPCR, while IgM and IgG antibody levels were monitored by rapid test. Results: Of the 52 participants, 19 (36%) got reinfected during the follow-up period, all presenting mild symptoms. For all participants, IgM levels dropped sharply, with over 47% of them becoming seronegative by the 60th day. For IgG, 90% of the participants became seropositive within the first 30 days of follow-up. IgG antibodies also dropped after this period reaching the lowest level on day 270 (68.5 ± 72.3, p<0.0001). Booster dose and reinfection increased the levels of both antibodies, with the interaction between them resulting in an increase in IgG levels of 130.3 arbitrary units. Conclusions: Overall, our data indicate that acquired humoral immunity declines over time and suggests that IgM and IgG antibody levels are not associated with the prevention of reinfection.

The evolution of electrocardiographic abnormalities in the elderly with Chagas disease during 14 years of follow-up: The Bambui Cohort Study of Aging.

BACKGROUND: The natural history of Chagas disease (ChD) in older ages is largely unknown, and it is a matter of controversy if the disease continues to progress in the elderly. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the evolution of electrocardiographic abnormalities in T. cruzi chronically infected community-dwelling elderly compared to non-infected (NChD) subjects and how it affects this population's survival in a follow-up of 14 years. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 12-lead ECG of each individual of the Bambui Cohort Study of Aging was obtained in 1997, 2002, and 2008, and the abnormalities were classified using the Minnesota Code. The influence of ChD on the ECG evolution was assessed by semi-competing risks considering a new ECG abnormality as the primary event and death as the terminal event. A Cox regression model to evaluate the population survival was conducted at a landmark point of 5.5 years. The individuals of both groups were compared according to the following categories: Normal, Maintained, New, and More by the development of ECG major abnormalities between 1997 and 2002. Among the participants, the ChD group had 557 individuals (median age: 68 years) and NChD group had 905 individuals (median age: 67 years). ChD was associated with a higher risk of development of a new ECG abnormality [HR: 2.89 (95% CI 2.28-3.67)]. The development of a new major ECG abnormality increases the risk of death ChD patients compared to those that maintain a normal ECG [HR: 1.93 (95% CI 1.02-3.65)]. CONCLUSION: ChD is still associated with a higher risk of progression to cardiomyopathy in the elderly. The occurrence of a new major ECG abnormality in ChD patients predicts a higher risk of death.

Expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in replanted teeth with external root resorption: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression in replanted permanent teeth with external root resorption (ERR). DESIGN: The present cross-sectional study included 42 patients with replanted permanent teeth, presenting with progressive forms of ERR, and referred for extraction according to the rehabilitation treatment plan or due to root fractures. The control group consisted of 12 healthy premolars, from 5 patients with good periodontal health and no radiographic evidence of root resorption, referred for extraction for orthodontic reasons. Root fragments were processed soon after extraction, and the supernatant was collected to measure matrix metalloproteinase 2/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2/TIMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-9/TIMP-2) complexes through a double-ligand enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Case groups with external inflammatory root resorption (EIRR) or external replacement root resorption (ERRR) showed significantly higher levels of MMP-2/TIMP-2 and MMP-9/TIMP-2 complexes than the control group. Additionally, comparisons between the case groups demonstrated that the MMP-2/TIMP-2 complex also had significantly higher levels in the ERRR group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that MMP-2 and MMP-9 participate in the pathobiology of both types of ERR. In addition, the higher levels of MMP-2/TIMP-2 complex in the ERRR group support common modulation mechanisms with physiological bone turnover.

Nursing care with surgical arteriovenous shunt in renal dialysis: a validation study.

OBJECTIVES: to validate a care protocol for the monitoring and prevention of arteriovenous fistula complications. METHODS: a validation methodological study with a quantitative approach, developed in a university hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro. RESULTS: scientific evidence was gathered from 20 researches. A care protocol was developed, composed of 15 items and divided into 3 sessions. The protocol was validated by a group of 11 experts, obtaining a content validity index of 0.95. CONCLUSIONS: the protocol proposes nursing care capable of preventing and monitoring arteriovenous fistula complications, punctured with a traditional technique, taking into account the actions implemented from patients' entry into the machine until the end of therapy.

Survival of Replanted Permanent Teeth after Traumatic Avulsion.

INTRODUCTION: Tooth replantation is the treatment of choice for avulsion, even though its long-term prognosis shows great variability and few studies have adopted survival analysis to evaluate the fate of such teeth. The present study aimed to evaluate both the survival rate of replanted permanent teeth after traumatic avulsion as well as its clinical and demographic determinants. METHODS: Records from 576 patients treated at the Dental Trauma Clinic at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were analyzed to collect clinical and radiographic data. Kaplan-Meier curves and a multivariate Cox regression model were used to estimate the probability of replanted teeth remaining functional in the mouth and to determine prognostic factors. RESULTS: The post-replantation survival rate was 50% after 5.5 years. Immature teeth presented an increase of 51.3% in the loss rate (P = .002). Each additional year in the patient's age at the time of trauma, up to the limit of 16 years, reduced the loss rate of replanted teeth by 15% (P < .001). The storage of the avulsed teeth in milk decreased the loss rate of replanted teeth by 56.4% (P = .015) when compared with those kept dry. CONCLUSIONS: The overall survival rate after replantation of permanent teeeth was 50% after 5.5 years. Advanced stages of root development, together with the increase in the patient's age at the moment of trauma, up to the limit of 16 years, were good prognostic factors for tooth survival. The storage of avulsed teeth in milk was also associated with enhanced tooth survival after replantation.

Nursing care with surgical arteriovenous shunt in renal dialysis: a validation study / Cuidado de enfermería con la derivación arteriovenosa quirúrgica en la diálisis renal: estudio de validación / Cuidado de enfermagem com a derivação arteriovenosa cirúrgica na diálise renal: estudo de validação

ABSTRACT Objectives: to validate a care protocol for the monitoring and prevention of arteriovenous fistula complications. Methods: a validation methodological study with a quantitative approach, developed in a university hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Results: scientific evidence was gathered from 20 researches. A care protocol was developed, composed of 15 items and divided into 3 sessions. The protocol was validated by a group of 11 experts, obtaining a content validity index of 0.95. Conclusions: the protocol proposes nursing care capable of preventing and monitoring arteriovenous fistula complications, punctured with a traditional technique, taking into account the actions implemented from patients' entry into the machine until the end of therapy.

RESUMEN Objetivos: validar un protocolo asistencial para monitoreo y prevención de complicaciones de fístula arteriovenosa. Métodos: estudio metodológico de validación con abordaje cuantitativo, desarrollado en un hospital universitario de la cuidad de Río de Janeiro. Resultados: se extrajeron evidencias científicas de 20 encuestas. Fue elaborado un protocolo asistencial compuesto por 15 ítems divididos en 3 sesiones. El protocolo fue validado por un grupo de 11 expertos, obteniendo un índice de validez de contenido de 0.95. Conclusiones: el protocolo propone cuidados de enfermería capaces de prevenir y monitorear las complicaciones de la fístula arteriovenosa, puncionada con técnica tradicional, tomando en consideración las acciones implementadas desde la entrada del paciente en la máquina hasta el final de la terapia.

RESUMO Objetivos: validar um protocolo assistencial para monitoramento e prevenção de complicações de fístula arteriovenosa. Métodos: estudo metodológico de validação com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido em um hospital universitário do Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: foram extraídas evidências científicas de 20 pesquisas. Foi elaborado um protocolo assistencial composto por 15 itens divididos em 3 sessões. O mesmo foi validado por um grupo de 11 especialistas, obtendo um índice de validade de conteúdo de 0.95. Conclusões: o protocolo propõe cuidados de enfermagem capazes de prevenir e monitorar as complicações da fístula arteriovenosa, puncionada com técnica tradicional, levando em consideração as ações implementadas desde a entrada do paciente na máquina até o final da terapia.

Análise das recomendações para a aferição da pressão arterial: revisão sistematizada da literatura / Analysis of recommendations for blood pressure assessment: systematic review of literature / Análisis de recomendaciones para la evaluación de la presión arterial: revisión sistematizada de la literatura

Objetivo: Identificar a melhor evidência científica sobre a correta aferição da pressão arterial. Métodos: revisão sistematizada da literatura com levantamento em ambiente virtual no período de setembro a dezembro de 2016, com textos publicados nas bases virtuais LILACS, PubMed, SciELO e Scopus. O material foi lido e as informações organizadas em quadro. Resultados: foram obtidos 12 artigos, oito abordavam a técnica de aferição em dois tempos, dois discutiram a eficácia de valores obtidos com aparelhos digitais, um debateu a eficácia do rastreômetro, e um comparou a aferição invasiva e não invasiva. Conclusão: o método indireto auscultatório é o mais utilizado para aferição de pressão arterial. Nesse procedimento inclui-se a técnica em dois tempos, considerada padrão ouro na acurácia dos valores e recomendada por normatizações. Recursos como aparelho digital e rastreômetro não apresentam a mesma acurácia, porém são importantes no diagnóstico da hipertensão. São alternativas para garantir a confiabilidade da medida das cifras: estabelecer protocolos para o procedimento, fornecer equipamentos adequados e educação continuada.(AU)

Objective: To identify the best scientific evidence on the correct measurement of arterial pressure. Methods: Systematic review of the literature with a virtual environment survey from September to December 2016, with texts published in the virtual databases LILACS, PubMed, SciELO and Scopus. The material has been read, and the information organized in frame. Results: Twelve articles were obtained, eight were on the technique of measurement in two times, two discussed the effectiveness of values obtained with digital devices, one discussed the effectiveness of the trace meter, and one compared the invasive and noninvasive measurement. Conclusion: the indirect auscultatory method is the most used for blood pressure measurement. This procedure includes the two-stroke technique, considered gold standard in the accuracy of values and recommended by standardization. Features such as digital apparatus and tracker do not present the same accuracy, but are important in the diagnosis of hypertension. They are alternatives to guarantee the reliability of the measurement of the numbers: to establish protocols for the procedure, to provide adequate equipment and continuous education.(AU)

Objetivo: conocer cuáles son las recomendaciones de las literaturas actuales para la correcta medición de la presión arterial sistémica. Metodo: revisión sistematizada de la literatura con levantamiento en ambiente virtual en el período de septiembre a diciembre de 2016, con textos publicados en las bases virtuales LILACS, PubMed, Scielo y Scopus. El material fue leído, y la información organizada en cuadro. Resultados: se obtuvieron 12 artículos, ocho abordaban la técnica de medición en dos tiempos, dos discutieron la eficacia de valores obtenidos con aparatos digitales, un debatió la eficacia del rastreo, y uno comparó la aferencia invasiva y no invasiva. Conclusión: el método indirecto auscultatorio es el más utilizado para la medición de la presión arterial. En este procedimiento se incluye la técnica en dos tiempos, considerada patrón oro en la exactitud de los valores y recomendada por normatizaciones. Los recursos como el dispositivo digital y el rastreo no presentan la misma exactitud, pero son importantes en el diagnóstico de la hipertensión. Son alternativas para garantizar la confiabilidad de la medida de las cifras: establecer protocolos para el procedimiento, suministrar equipos adecuados y educación continuada.(AU)

Escalas aplicadas para avaliação do estresse do trabalhador de enfermagem no Brasil / Scales applied for nursing worker stress assessment in Brazil / Escalas aplicadas para la evaluación del estrés de los trabajadores de enfermería en Brasil

Objetivo: descrever escalas aplicadas para avaliação do estresse do trabalhador de enfermagem, no Brasil. Método: pesquisa de natureza descritiva que se deu por meio de revisão integrativa de literatura incluindo obras dos últimos cinco anos. Resultados: foram obtidos 09 artigos os quais demonstram que a escala mais utilizada foi a Maslach Burnout Inventory para avaliação de burnout. Os artigos contendo as escalas analisadas apresentaram significância estatística e validade interna, atendendo a critérios Qualis Capes. Conclusão: esses instrumentos de avaliação são eficazes à medida que permitem ao pesquisador obter informações a respeito de aspectos psicossociais relacionados ao trabalho, subsidiando a produção de conhecimento para a tomada de decisões amenizadoras de fatores estressantes no trabalho.(AU)

Objective: Describe scales applied to assess the stress of the nursing worker in Brazil. Method: research of a descriptive nature that occurred through integrative literature review including works of the last five years. Results: 9 articles were obtained which demonstrate that the most widely used scale was the Maslach Burnout Inventory for burnout evaluation. The articles containing the analyzed scales presented statistical significance and internal validity, according to Qualis Capes criteria. Conclusion: these evaluation tools are effective as they allow the researcher to obtain information about work-related psychosocial aspects, subsidizing the production of knowledge for decision-making to alleviate stressors at work.(AU)

Objetivo: describir escalas aplicadas para la evaluación del estrés del trabajador de enfermería, en Brasil. Método: investigación de naturaleza descriptiva que se dio por medio de revisión integrativa de literatura incluyendo obras de los últimos cinco años. Resultados: se obtuvieron 9 artículos que demuestran que la escala más utilizada fue la Maslach Burnout Inventory para evaluación de burnout. Los artículos que contenían las escalas analizadas presentaron significancia estadística y validez interna, atendiendo a criterios Qualis Capes. Conclusión: estos instrumentos de evaluación son eficaces a medida que permiten al investigador obtener informaciones acerca de aspectos psicosociales relacionados con el trabajo, subsidiando la producción de conocimiento para la toma de decisiones mitigadoras de factores estresantes en el trabajo.(AU)