Antinociceptive effects of the aqueous extract of Brugmansia suaveolens flowers in mice.

The infusion of Brugmansia suaveolens, popularly known as trombeteira or cartucheira, has been used to treat pain in Brazil. The present study was conducted to test for its antinociceptive effects using the abdominal-writhing, formalin, tail-flick, and hot-plate tests in mice. The aqueous extract from B. suaveolens flowers administered intraperitoneally at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight significantly inhibited acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions. An increase in hot-plate latency was also observed in animals receiving both doses (100 and 300 mg/kg). In the formalin test, both doses from the aqueous extract inhibited the first (0-5 min) and second phase (20-25 min). Tail-flick assays demonstrated that treatment of animals with plant extract induced attenuation of the response. These results suggest that the aqueous extract from B. suaveolens flowers produced antinociceptive effects, as demonstrated in the experimental models of nociception in mice. This supports popular medicinal uses of this plant as an analgesic.

Interactions between anandamide-induced anterograde amnesia and post-training memory modulatory systems.

Rats were bilaterally implanted with indwelling cannulae in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus. After recovery from surgery, they were trained in a one-trial, step-down inhibitory avoidance task using a 0.5 mA foot shock. The animals received intrahippocampal infusions of either vehicle or anandamide (100 microM, 0.5 microl/side) 30 min before training. Then, either immediately post-training or 3 h later, they received infusions of saline, noradrenaline (0.5 microg/side), SKF 38393 (1.5 microg/side), oxotremorine (0.6 microg/side) or Sp-cAMPs (0.5 microg/side) also in the hippocampus. All animals were tested for retention 24-h post-training. Anandamide produced anterograde amnesia. Immediate, but not delayed, post-training treatment with Sp-cAMPs and noradrenaline reversed this effect. SKF 38393 and oxotremorine had no influence on the amnesia caused by anandamide either when given immediately or 3 h after training. The results suggest that the amnesic effect of anandamide is related to the known noradrenergic regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity previously described in the hippocampus immediately after avoidance training, which is crucial to long-term memory (LTM) formation.

Estudos farmacológicos preliminares dos extratos da Casearia sylvestris Swartz / Preliminary pharmacological studies of Casearia Sylvestris Swartz extracts

O "chá de bugre", Casearia sylvestris Swartz tem sido, popularmente, usado com várias finalidades. Mais recentemente lhe tem sido atribuído características abortivas. Essa possibilidade levou-nos a avaliar a toxicidade dos extratos brutos de suas folhas, e os efeitos no útero, sobre a motilidade espontânea e as contraçöes induzidas pela ocitocina. A dose letal média do extrato aquoso a quente é de 1,792g de resíduo, por quilo de peso, para camundongos albinos. Com a soluçäo aquosa do extrato etanólico observamos, "in vitro", na motilidade espontânea uterina de ratas, aumento da freqüência de contraçäo e do tônus basal e diminuiçäo da amplitude de contraçäo; na curva dose-reposta à ocitocina, diminuiçäo da resposta máxima e aumento da dose efetiva média. O extrato aquoso a frio produziu, na motilidade espontânea uterina, aumento de todos os parâmetros observados; na curva dose-resposta à ocitocina, também aumentou a resposta máxima, diminuindo, entretanto, sua dose efetiva média. Os resultados sugerem que os extratos de folhas de C. sylvestris säo capazes de modificar a atividiade uterina, "in vitro". Esses dados poderiam explicar o uso obortivo