Assessment the Impacts of Sea-Level Changes on Mangroves of Ceará-Mirim Estuary, Northeastern Brazil, during the Holocene and Anthropocene.

Predictions of the effects of modern Relative Sea-Level (RSL) rise on mangroves should be based on decadal-millennial mangrove dynamics and the particularities of each depositional environment under past RSL changes. This work identified inland and seaward mangrove migrations along the Ceará-Mirim estuary (Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil) during the mid-late Holocene and Anthropocene based on sedimentary features, palynological, and geochemical (δ13C, δ15N, C/N) data integrated with spatial-temporal analysis based on satellite images. The data indicated three phases for the mangrove development: (1°) mangrove expansion on tidal flats with estuarine organic matter between >4420 and ~2870 cal yrs BP, under the influence of the mid-Holocene sea-level highstand; (2°) mangrove contraction with an increased contribution of C3 terrestrial plants between ~2870 and ~84 cal yrs BP due to an RSL fall, and (3°) mangrove expansion onto the highest tidal flats since ~84 cal yr BP due to a relative sea-level rise. However, significant mangrove areas were converted to fish farming before 1984 CE. Spatial-temporal analysis also indicated a mangrove expansion since 1984 CE due to mangrove recolonization of shrimp farming areas previously deforested for pisciculture. This work mainly evidenced a trend of mangrove expansion due to RSL rise preceding the effects of anthropogenic emissions of CO2 in the atmosphere and the resilience of these forests in the face of anthropogenic interventions.

A new species of Uroxys Westwood, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from central Brazil, and taxonomical remarks on Uroxys epipleuralis (Boucomont, 1928).

Uroxys punctatus, new species, is described from central Brazil based on taxonomic characters in the cephalic and pronotal punctations and in the male genitalia. A comparative diagnosis with U. epipleuralis (Boucomont, 1928), a morphologically similar species, is provided. A lectotype is designated for U. epipleuralis from a series of four syntypes. Uroxys thoracalis Balthasar, 1940 is newly established as a junior subjective synonym of U. epipleuralis, whereas the previously proposed synonymy between the latter and U. dureti Martnez, 1947 is confirmed. Both nomenclatural acts are based on the study of the respective type specimens. A detailed literature review, illustrations of diagnostic characters, and distributional data for each species are provided.

Taxonomic revision of the genus Deltepilissus Pereira, 1949 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini).

Deltepilissus Pereira, 1949 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini) is revised and consists of two valid species, both endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Deltepilissus diabolicus (Harold, 1880), from Bahia, and D. infernalis (Harold, 1880), from Esprito Santo to So Paulo, are redescribed, including characters of the adult female and of the male genitalia, both described and illustrated here for the first time. Lectotypes are designated for D. diabolicus (Harold, 1880) and D. infernalis (Harold, 1880). A detailed literature review, synonymies, diagnoses, key for species identification, illustration of key morphological characters, as well as data of the studied material and geographic distribution are provided for each species. A discussion about their conservation status is also provided.

A taxonomic revision of the South American species of Pseudocanthon Bates, 1887 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini).

The South American species of Pseudocanthon Bates, 1887 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini) are reviewed. In this work, 10 valid species and two subspecies are recognized for the genus. Among these species, five are recorded in South America, including three new species: P. perplexus (LeConte, 1847), P. xanthurus (Blanchard, 1847), P. vazdemelloi new species, P. pantanensis new species, and P. chaquensis new species. A lectotype is designated for P. xanthurus (Blanchard, 1847). In this revision, each species is analyzed as follows: a detailed literature review, an identification key for the South American species, a diagnosis, descriptions, illustrations of key morphological characters, list of examined material, and geographic distribution.

A revision of the subgenera Euhyboma Kolbe, 1893, Parahyboma Paulian, 1938, and Rubrohyboma Paulian, 1939 of Deltochilum Eschscholtz, 1822 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

ABSTRACT This paper provides a revision of the three smallest subgenera of Deltochilum, all endemic to the Atlantic Forest of South America. Deltochilum (Euhyboma) and D. (Rubrohyboma) are monospecific taxa, composed of D. brasiliense (Castelnau, 1840) and D. rubripenne (Gory, 1831), respectively, whereas D. (Parahyboma) is composed of two allopatric species, D. furcatum (Castelnau, 1840) and D. granulosum Paulian, 1933. Lectotypes for D. brasiliense and D. rubripenne are designated. Each species is analyzed as follows: a detailed literature review, a diagnosis, description, illustrations of key morphological characters, list of material examined, and geographic distribution. An improved identification key to the subgenera of Deltochilum is presented.

Brazilian Atlantic rainforest endangered biodiversity: a new species of the Dichotomius sericeus (Harold, 1867) species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae).

Dichotomius valoisae new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Dichotomiini) from Santa Luzia do Itanhi, Sergipe, Brazil, is described based on external differences from its congeners. Diagnostic characters and a brief discussion about its conservation status are provided, as well as an updated identification key to the Dichotomius sericeus (Harold) species group.

A new Peruvian species of Scybalocanthon Martínez, 1948 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae, Deltochilini) and some remarkable intrapopulational variation in the endophallus of S. pinopterus (Kirsch, 1873).

Scybalocanthon ashei sp. nov. from Madre de Dios, Peru, is described based on differences in external and male genital morphology. Its diagnostic characters and an updated identification key to the species of the genus are provided as well as new distributional data for the following species: S. acrianus Silva & Valois, 2019, S. aereus (Schmidt, 1922), S. kaestneri (Balthasar, 1939) and S. pinopterus (Kirsch, 1873).

A taxonomic revision of the genus Scybalocanthon Martínez, 1948 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini).

The genus Scybalocanthon Martínez, 1948 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini) is revised and now consists of 23 valid species. Eight new species are described: S. acrianus new species, S. adisi new species, S. arnaudi new species, S. chamorroi new species, S. federicoescobari new species, S. haroldi new species, S. martinezi new species, and S. papaxibe new species. Scybalocanthon uniplagiatus (Schmidt, 1922) new combination is placed in the genus for the first time. The following species previously assigned to Scybalocanthon are here placed in the genus Canthon Hoffmannsegg, 1817: Canthon arcabuquensis (Molano Medina, 2010) new combination, Canthon balachowskyi (Martínez Halffter, 1972) new combination, Canthon luctuosus Harold, 1868, Canthon magnus (Molano Parrales, 2015) new combination, and Canthon nigellus Schmidt, 1922. Scybalocanthon imitans (Harold, 1868) is a new junior subjective synonym of S. sexspilotus (Guérin-Méneville, 1855) and S. zischkai Martínez, 1949 is a new junior subjective synonym of S. aereus (Schmidt, 1922). Lectotypes are designated for S. aereus (Schmidt, 1922), S. cyanocephalus (Harold, 1868), S. darlingtoni (Paulian, 1939), S. kaestneri (Balthasar, 1939), S. maculatus (Schmidt, 1920), S. moniliatus (Bates, 1887), S. pinopterus (Kirsch, 1873), S. pygidialis (Schmidt, 1922), S. trimaculatus (Schmidt, 1922), and S. uniplagiatus (Schmidt, 1922). A neotype is designated for S. sexspilotus (Guérin-Méneville, 1855). A detailed literature review, synonymies, diagnosis, key for species identification, illustration of key morphological characters, as well as data of the studied material and geographic distribution are provided for each species.

Taxonomic revision of the Dichotomius sericeus (Harold, 1867) species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae).

The Dichotomius sericeus species group of the subgenus Luederwaldtinia is reviewed. This group comprises eight species endemic to the South American Atlantic forests, Caatinga and associated areas of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina: Dichotomius sericeus (Harold, 1867); Dichotomius irinus (Harold, 1867); Dichotomius laevicollis (Felsche, 1901); Dichotomius schiffleri Vaz-de-Mello, Gavino Louzada, 2001; Dichotomius guaribensis sp. nov.; Dichotomius gilletti sp. nov; Dichotomius iannuzziae sp. nov; and Dichotomius catimbau sp. nov. Lectotypes are designated for D. sericeus (Harold, 1867), D. irinus (Harold, 1867), D. laevicollis (Felsche, 1901) and D.sericeus var. aterrimus (Luederwaldt, 1929) [here synonymized with D. sericeus]. In this revision each species is analyzed as follows: a detailed literature review, a diagnosis, description, illustrations of key morphological characters, list of material examined and a geographic distribution.

A taxonomic review of the Neotropical genus Hansreia Halffter & Martínez, 1977 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae).

The taxonomy of the genus Hansreia Halffter & Martínez is reviewed. The genus consists of six species, including three new species: H. peugeoti sp. nov., H. grossii sp. nov., H. krinskii sp. nov. Lectotypes are designated for Hansreia affinis (Fabricius 1801), H. oxygona (Perty 1830) [here considered a valid species] and H. coriacea (Schmidt 1922). The species status of H. coriacea is recognized. A detailed literature review, synonymies, description, illustration of key morphological characters as well as data of the studied material and geographic distribution is provided for each species.

A revision of the genus Aphengium Harold, 1868 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Ateuchini).

Aphengium Harold, a dung beetle genus endemic to the Atlantic forests of Brazil, comprises four valid species: A. sordidum Harold, 1868, A. cupreum Shipp, 1897, A. ibateguara sp. nov., A. curtum sp. nov.. In this revision of the genus each species is analyzed as follows: a detailed literature review, a diagnosis, illustrations of key morphological characters, a listing of material examined and geographic distribution. A lectotype is designated for A. sordidum, and a neotype for A. cupreum.

A revision of the Deltochilum subgenus Aganhyboma Kolbe, 1893 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae).

The species of the Deltochilum subgenus Aganhyboma, endemic to Central and South America, are reviewed. The species have been divided into complexes, with a brief diagnosis presented for each. A key for identification of 26 currently recognized species is provided in English and Portuguese. Two major groups within the subgenus are recognized (trisignatum and valgum). The first is represented by species typically belonging to the subgenus Aganhyboma (Deltochilum (A.) trisignatum, D. (A.) kolbei, D. (A.) violaceum, D. (A.) cupreicolle and D. (A.) viridescens new status) and three new species described here (D. (A.) amandaarcanjoae, D. (A.) viridicatum and D. (A.) titovidaurrei). The second group (valgum) is represented by: D. (A.) valgum, D. (A.) longiceps new status, D. (A.) acropyge new status, D. (A.) acanthus, D. (A.) icaroides and D. (A.) icariforme), previously assigned to the subgenus Deltohyboma. Twelve new species are described for the valgum group (D. (A.) schefflerorum; D. (A.) streblopodum; D. (A.) feeri; D. (A.) larseni; D. (A.) arturoi; D. (A.) finestriatum; D. (A.) cangalha; D. (A.) alpercata; D. (A.) ritamourae; D. (A.) kolleri; D. (A.) paresi; D. (A.) subrubrum). A lectotype is designated for D. (A.) trisignatum and D. (A.) icariforme. A detailed literature review, synonymies, description, illustration of key morphological characters, data of the studied material and geographic distribution is provided for each species.

A new giant species of Deltochilum subgenus Deltohyboma (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from Colombia, with notes on D. spinipes Paulian, 1938.

Deltochilum (Deltohyboma) gigante sp. nov., from Parque Nacional Las Cuevas de los Guácharos, Huila, Colombia is described based on differences in external and genital morphology. Its diagnostic characters are provided and illustrated. Lectotype and paralectotypes for D. spinipes, a close relative to the new species, are designated.

New distributional data on Oxysternon pteroderum Nevinson, 1892 (Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae,Phanaeini) and its possible implications in conservation.

New distributional data are reported on the rare phanaeine dung beetle, Oxysternon pteroderum Nevinson, 1892, based on five specimens recently collected between 1985 and 2010. Before the present study, Oxysternun pteroderum had been reported solely from the super-moist Atlantic coastal forests of southeastern Brazil. We now believe that the distribution of Oxysternun pteroderum follows the riparian areas of large rivers connected to the super-moist forest ecosystem.