RESUMO
The synthetic hormone 17α ethinyl estradiol (EE2) is a molecule widely used in female contraceptives and recognized as a contaminant of attention (Watch List) in the European Union due to its high consumption, endocrine effects and occurrence in aquatic environments. Its main source of introduction is domestic sewage where it can be associated with other contaminants such as microplastics (MPs). Due to their characteristics, they can combine with each other and exacerbate their isolated effects on biota. This study evaluated the combined effects of microplastics (MPs) and 17α ethinylestradiol (EE2) on two tropical estuarine invertebrate species: Crassostrea gasar and Ucides cordatus. Polyethylene particles were spiked with EE2 and organisms were exposed to three treatments, categorized into three groups: control group (C), virgin microplastics (MPs), and spiked microplastics with EE2 (MPEs). All treatments were evaluated after 3 and 7 days of exposure. Oysters exhibited changes in phase 2 enzymes and the antioxidant system, oxidative stress in the gills, and reduced lysosomal membrane stability after exposure to MPs and MPEs. Crabs exposed to MPs and MPEs after seven days showed changes in phase 1 enzymes in the gills and changes in phases 1 and 2 enzymes in the hepatopancreas, such as disturbed cellular health. The combined effects of microplastics and EE2 increased the toxicity experienced by organisms, which may trigger effects at higher levels of biological organization, leading to ecological disturbances in tropical coastal ecosystems.
RESUMO
Fazem-se necessárias atualizações na literatura a respeito do prolapso da glândula da terceira pálpebra, no que diz respeito ao seu tratamento, devido à existência de diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas para sua resolução, com vantagens e desvantagens. O trabalho relata o tratamento cirúrgico, utilizando a técnica de Moore, do prolapso da glândula da terceira pálpebra bilateral, em uma cadela com entrópio bilateral, seis meses de idade e da raça Shar-Pei, atendida no Hospital Veterinário Escola, Moçambique. A técnica de Moore apresentou um bom resultado, e em casos de presença de entrópio bilateral podem ser realizadas ambas as cirurgias no mesmo dia, desde que o entrópio não seja do tipo espástico. O procedimento cirúrgico usando a técnica de Moore continua sendo a técnica cirúrgica de fácil aprendizado, mais simples de se realizar e não afetou a mobilidade da terceira pálpebra.
The updating of the of the prolapse of the third eyelid gland treatment in the literature is pertinent, due to the different surgical techniques for his resolution, with advantages and disadvantages. The work aimed to report the Moore technique in surgical treatment of the bilateral prolapse of the third eye lidgland in a female dog with bilateral entropion, six months, Shar-Peibreed, attended in the Veterinary Hospital School, Mozambique. The Moore technique showed good results andif the bilateral entropionwas not a spastic type, wasable to do the both surgeries in same day. The surgery using the Moore technique continues easy to learn, more simple to do and does not affect the third eyelid mobility.