RESUMO
It is necessary to know the resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus to better control diabetic foot ulcer infections, to establish rational antibiotic therapy, and to avoid the development of resistant strains. This cross-sectional study evaluated the clinical parameters, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of S aureus in patients with diabetic foot disease admitted to a public hospital. S aureus strains were identified in patients with diabetes with amputation indication. Infected tissue samples were collected, microbes were isolated and identified. The microbial resistance profile was determined. Samples were also analyzed for biofilm formation and other virulence markers. The 34 individuals examined were mostly men, black, aged 60 years on average, and generally had a low income and education level. Most individuals had type 2 diabetes, and the mean time since diagnosis was 13.9 years. On an SF-36 (the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short-form health survey) quality-of-life questionnaire, 75% of individuals obtained a score equal to 0 for physical impairment. S aureus specimens from 17 patients were isolated, corresponding to 50% of samples. Five isolates were classified as methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA). Molecular typing revealed that 20% of MRSA strains were SCCmec type V and 80% were type I. All isolates were sensitive to doxycycline; 61.5% were resistant to erythromycin, 38.5% to cefoxitin, 30.7% to clindamycin and ciprofloxacin, 23% to meropenem, 15.3% to gentamicin, 38.5% to oxacillin, and 7.7% (one strain) to vancomycin. Regarding biofilm production, 53% of samples were able to produce biofilms, and 84.6% had icaA and/or icaD genes. Additionally, the following enterotoxin genes were identified in the isolates: seb, sec, seg, and sei (5.9%, 5.9%, 11.8%, and 23.9%, respectively) and agr types 1 (5.9%) and 2 (11.8%). Genotypic evaluation made it possible to understand the pathogenicity of S aureus strains isolated from the diabetic foot; laboratory tests can assist in the monitoring of patients with systemic involvement.
RESUMO
As metas de socialização têm a sua construção mediada pelas crenças parentais e, por conseguinte, pela cultura, sendo de considerável relevância que sejam investigadas de acordo com os contextos nos quais estão inseridas. Com o objetivo de identificá-las em diferentes tipos de família, participaram do estudo 40 pais e mães residentes na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, com filhos entre sete e 11 anos de idade, de três configurações familiares: 10 casais de famílias nucleares, 10 mães de famílias mononucleares e cinco casais de famílias reconstituídas. Foi utilizado um questionário sociodemográfico para coletar dados como idade, gênero e tipo de família e o Inventário de metas de socialização/desenvolvimento para identificar as trajetórias de socialização. Os resultados apontaram que não houve diferenças significativas entre autonomia e relação na amostra geral (Z=-0,96; p>0,05),assim como, não houve diferenças significativas na comparação entre pais e mães nem na dimensão de autonomia (U=138,50; p>0,05), nem na dimensão de relação (U=163,50; p>0,05). Contudo, famílias nucleares tenderam para metas autônomo-relacionais, enquanto famílias mononucleares e reconstituídas para metas relacionais. Tais resultados sugerem, portanto, a relevância em considerar a pluralidade de arranjos familiares nas investigações das metas de socialização.(AU)
Parents' socialization goals have its construction mediated by parental beliefs and therefore by culture, so it's considerably relevant that they be investigated according to the contexts in which they are inserted. In order to identify socialization goals of different family types, 40 parents resident in Rio de Janeiro with children between 7 and 11 years old participated in the study. They belonged to three family settings: 10 couples of nuclear families, 10 single mothers of parent families and 5 couples of remarried families. A sociodemographic questionnaire was used to collect data such as age, gender and family type. And the Inventory of socialization/development goals was used to identify the socialization trajectories. Results did not reveal significant differences between autonomy and relatedness in general sample (Z=-0,96; p>0,05). As well as did not reveal significant differences in comparison between mothers and fathers, nor in autonomy dimension (U=138,50; p>0,05) neither in relatedness dimension (U=163,50; p>0,05).. However, nuclear families tended to autonomous relational goals, whereas single patents and remarried families tended for relational goals. Therefore, these results suggest the relevance of considering the plurality of family arrangements in investigation of socialization goals.(AU)
Las metas de socialización tienen su construcción mediada por las creencias parentales y, por consiguiente, por la cultura, siendo de considerable relevancia que sean investigadas de acuerdo con los contextos en los que están insertas. Con el objetivo de identificarlas en diferentes tipos de familia, participaron del estudio 40 padres y madres residentes en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, con hijos entre 7 y 11 años de edad, de tres configuraciones familiares: 10 parejas de familias nucleares, 10 madres de familias mononucleares y 5 parejas de familias reconstituidas. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico para recoger datos como edad, género y tipo de familia y el Inventario de metas de socialización/desarrollo para identificar las trayectorias de socialización. Los resultados mostraron que no hubo diferencias significativas entre autonomía y relación en la muestra general (Z = -0,96; p> 0,05). Así como, no hubo diferencias significativas en la comparación entre padres y madres ni en la dimensión de autonomía (U=138,50; p>0,05) ni en la dimensión de relación (U=163,50; p>0,05). Sin embargo, las familias nucleares se inclinaron a metas autónoma-relacionales, mientras las familias mononucleares y reconstituidas a metas relacionales. Por lo tanto, tales resultados sugieren la relevancia de considerar la pluralidad de arreglos familiares en las investigaciones de las metas de socialización.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Socialização , Família , Características da Família , Poder FamiliarRESUMO
Estudos apontam que as metas de socialização da obediência são frequentemente valorizadas na criação de filhos. Contudo, a maior parte deles focaliza mães de famílias nucleares, não considerando a pluralidade de configurações familiares do contexto atual. Sendo assim, o presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar as metas de socialização da obediência infantil em famílias nucleares, monoparentais e reconstituídas. Participaram da pesquisa pais e mães de 50 famílias da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, com filhos de até dois anos de idade completos. Os participantes responderam ao Inventário de Metas de socialização/desenvolvimento (Keller et al., 2006). Os resultados não apontaram diferenças significativas na valorização das metas de socialização da obediência entre os três tipos de família. Famílias monoparentais, nucleares e reconstituídas valorizaram com a mesma intensidade a meta "aprender a obedecer aos pais" (H(2)=0.179, p=0.914) e a meta "aprender a obedecer as pessoas mais velhas" (H(2)=4.634, p=0.099). No entanto, em famílias reconstituídas, foi observada uma maior valorização da obediência em pais e mães de meninas quando comparados a pais e mães de meninos (U=16, p=0.012). Além disso, em famílias monoparentais notou-se que quanto mais jovens são os filhos, mais valorizada é a obediência (ρ=-0.81, p=0.005). Entende-se que a aprendizagem da obediência aparece, de fato, como uma das mais importantes metas de socialização, na medida em que consiste em uma característica priorizada desde os primeiros anos de vida.
Literature shows that socialization goals related to obedience are frequently valued in childrearing practices. However, previous studies were mostly restricted to observation of maternal beliefs in groups of nuclear families, not fully considering the variety of family configurations in modern contexts. The present study aims at investigating socialization goals related to child obedience in nuclear, remarried and single parent families. Parents of 50 families from the state capital of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, constituted the sample, all with children up to two years of age. Participants filled the Socialization Goals Inventory (Keller et al., 2006). Results did not reveal significant differences in how parents valued socialization goals of obedience among the three different family types. Nuclear, remarried and single parent families valued the goal "learn to obey parents" (H(2)=0.179, p=0.914) and "learn to obey older people" (H(2)=4.634, p=0.099) with the same intensity. However, in remarried families there was a higher valorization of obedience by parents of girls in comparison of parents of boys (U=16, p=0.012). Moreover, in single parent families, valorization of obedience was negatively correlated with the parents valorization of obedience, the younger their children, the more parents valued obedience as socialization goal (ρ=-0.81, p=0.005). Obedience appears to be highly valued by different types of Brazilian families, regardless of their configuration, and is prioritized since the first years of children's lives.
Los estudios apuntan que las metas de socialización de la obediencia se valoran en la crianza de hijos. Sin embargo, investigaciones anteriores detuvieron su foco de investigación en madres de familias nucleares, no considerando la pluralidad de configuraciones familiares del contexto actual. Siendo así, el presente estudio tuvo por objetivo investigar las metas de socialización de la obediencia infantil en familias nucleares, monoparentales y reconstituidas. Participaron de la investigación padres y madres de 50 familias de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro con hijos de hasta dos años de edad completos. Los participantes respondieron al Inventario de Metas de socialización / desarrollo (Keller et al., 2006). Los resultados no apuntaron diferencias significativas en la valorización de las metas de socialización de la obediencia entre los tres tipos de familia. Familias nucleares, monoparentales y reconstituidas valoraron con la misma intensidad la meta "aprender a obedecer a los padres" (H(2)=0.179, p=0.914) y la meta "aprender a obedecer las personas mayores" (H(2)=4.634, p=0.099). Sin embargo, en familias reconstituidas, se observó una mayor valoración de la obediencia en padres y madres de niñas cuando comparadas a padres y madres de niños (U=16, p=0.012). Además, en familias monoparentales, se notó que cuanto más jóvenes son los hijos, más valorada es la obediencia (ρ=-0.81, p=0.005). Se entiende que el aprendizaje de la obediencia aparece como una de las más importantes metas de socialización y consiste en una característica priorizada desde los primeros años de vida.
RESUMO
A Síndrome de Burnout é um transtorno mental que acomete trabalhadores como resposta a um estresse crônico, composto por três elementos centrais: exaustão emocional, despersonalização e redução da realização pessoal. Objetivou-se verifi car a prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout em profi ssionais da saúde mental dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial numa cidade do Piauí. Estudo descritivo com 16 profi ssionais de dois Centros de Atenção Psicossocial. Os dados foram coletados através de dois instrumentos: Questionário sociodemográfi co e Inventário Burnout Maslach-Human Services Survey. Os achados revelaram as dimensões da Síndrome de Burnout: 37,5% dos profi ssionais obtiveram alta exaustão emocional; 31,5% deles, baixa realização profi ssional; e 12,5%, alta despersonalização. Os profi ssionais mais jovens obtiveram maior tendência para a Síndrome de Burnout. Conclui-se que há uma necessidade de estabelecer processos que visem ao desenvolvimento de recursos para lidar com o estresse e com as difi culdades inerentes ao trabalho em saúde mental
Burnout Syndrome is a mental disorder that affects workers as a response to chronic stress, composed of three central elements: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduction of personal fulfi llment. This study aimed to verify the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome in mental health professionals of the Psychosocial Care Centers in a city of Piauí. Descriptive study with 16 professionals from two Psychosocial Care Centers. Data were collected through two instruments: Sociodemographic questionnaire and Burnout Maslach-Human Services Survey. The fi ndings revealed the dimensions of Burnout Syndrome: 37.5% of the professionals obtained high emotional exhaustion; 31.5% of them, low professional achievement; and 12.5%, high depersonalization. Younger professionals were more likely to have Burnout Syndrome. It is concluded that there is a need to establish processes that aim at the development of resources to deal with stress and with the diffi culties inherent in working in mental health.to develop resources to cope with stress and the diffi culties inherent in working in mental health
Assuntos
Humanos , Esgotamento Profissional , Saúde Mental , Saúde OcupacionalRESUMO
Honey bees have brain structures with specialized and developed systems of communication that account for memory, learning capacity and behavioral organization with a set of genes homologous to vertebrate genes. Many microtubule- and actin-based molecular motors are involved in axonal/dendritic transport. Myosin-Va is present in the honey bee Apis mellifera nervous system of the larvae and adult castes and subcastes. DYNLL1/LC8 and myosin-IIb, -VI and -IXb have also been detected in the adult brain. SNARE proteins, such as CaMKII, clathrin, syntaxin, SNAP25, munc18, synaptophysin and synaptotagmin, are also expressed in the honey bee brain. Honey bee myosin-Va displayed ATP-dependent solubility and was associated with DYNLL1/LC8 and SNARE proteins in the membrane vesicle-enriched fraction. Myosin-Va expression was also decreased after the intracerebral injection of melittin and NMDA. The immunolocalization of myosin-Va and -IV, DYNLL1/LC8, and synaptophysin in mushroom bodies, and optical and antennal lobes was compared with the brain morphology based on Neo-Timm histochemistry and revealed a distinct and punctate distribution. This result suggested that the pattern of localization is associated with neuron function. Therefore, our data indicated that the roles of myosins, DYNLL1/LC8, and SNARE proteins in the nervous and visual systems of honey bees should be further studied under different developmental, caste and behavioral conditions.
