Osteoporosis and Hepatic Steatosis: 2 Closely Related Complications in Short-Bowel Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis has scarcely been prospectively investigated in short-bowel syndrome (SBS). This prospective study was designed to evaluate incretins, adipokines, bone mass, and lipid deposits from marrow adipose tissue (MAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and liver (IHLs). METHODS: The study comprised 2 groups matched by gender, height, and age: the control group (CG) (9 males, 9 females) and the SBS group (SBSG) (6 males, 5 females). The SBSG was evaluated twice in an interval of 1 year (SBSG0 and SBSG1 ). The biochemical evaluation included incretins, leptin, and adiponectin. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance were, respectively, used to measure BMD and lipid deposits. RESULTS: Bone mineral density (BMD) was lower in the SBSG than in the CG, but there was no difference between SBSG0 and SBSG1 . There was no difference in MAT, SAT, and VAT, but IHL was lower in CG than in SBSG0 and SBSG1 . A negative correlation between MAT and third lumbar vertebrae BMD was found in the CG but not in SBSG0 or SBSG1 . There was a negative association between IHL and bone mass considering all participants (CG and SBSG0 ) (R2 = 0.38; P < .05). CONCLUSION: Appropriate nutrition assistance recovers body composition, reverts the relationship of bone mass and MAT, and mitigates bone loss in SBS. In spite of this, osteoporosis seems to be an early and persistent complication in SBS. Curiously, SBS seems to be a highly vulnerable condition for the development of hepatic steatosis and shows an association between bone mass and IHL.

Emerging Aspects of the Body Composition, Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Phenotypes in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Anthropomorphic measures among type 1 diabetic patients are changing as the obesity epidemic continues. Excess fat mass may impact bone density and ultimately fracture risk. We studied the interaction between bone and adipose tissue in type 1 diabetes subjects submitted to two different clinical managements: (I) conventional insulin therapy or (II) autologous nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (AHST). The study comprised 3 groups matched by age, gender, height and weight: control (C = 24), type 1 diabetes (T1D = 23) and type 1 diabetes treated with AHST (T1D-AHST = 9). Bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) were assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). 1H Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to assess bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) in the L3 vertebra, and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess intrahepatic lipids (IHL), visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Individuals conventionally treated for T1D were more likely to be overweight (C = 23.8 ± 3.7; T1D = 25.3 ± 3.4; T1D-AHST = 22.5 ± 2.2 Kg/m2; p > 0.05), but there was no excessive lipid accumulation in VAT or liver. Areal BMD of the three groups were similar at all sites; lumbar spine TBS (L3) was lower in type 1 diabetes (p < 0.05). Neither SAT nor VAT had any association with bone parameters. Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) lipid profiles were similar among groups. BMAT saturated lipids were associated with cholesterol, whereas unsaturated lipids had an association with IGF1. Overweight and normal weight subjects with type 1 diabetes have normal areal bone density, but lower trabecular bone scores. Adipose distribution is normal and BMAT volume is similar to controls, irrespective of clinical treatment.

Short bowel syndrome: influence of nutritional therapy and incretin GLP1 on bone marrow adipose tissue.

Energy deprivation leads to a decrease in white adipose tissue and bone mineral density (BMD), while simultaneously inducing the expansion of marrow adipose tissue (MAT). In short bowel syndrome (SBS), parenteral nutrition mitigates the deterioration of nutritional status, including decreases in MAT. Osteoporosis is, however, a frequent complication of SBS. The objective of our study here was to evaluate the association of fat deposit sites (subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues: intrahepatic lipid (IHL) and MAT) and the incretin glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) with BMD in individuals with SBS. MAT was negatively correlated with lumbar spine BMD in normal individuals, but not in those in the SBS group, who otherwise showed a positive correlation between MAT and GLP1. In addition, in individuals with SBS, IHL was negatively associated with lumbar spine BMD and positively associated with C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (a serum biomarker of bone turnover). Caloric maintenance in individuals with SBS, therefore, seems to positively affect the relationship between MAT and BMD, which may be modulated, at least in part, by GLP1.

Mango and acerola pulps as antioxidant additives in cassava starch bio-based film.

The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of incorporating mango and acerola pulps into a biodegradable matrix as a source of polyphenols, carotenoids, and other antioxidant compounds. We also sought to evaluate the efficacy of mango and acerola pulps as antioxidants in film-forming dispersions using a response surface methodology design experiment. The bio-based films were used to pack palm oil (maintained for 45 days of storage) under accelerated oxidation conditions (63% relative humidity and 30 °C) to simulate a storage experiment. The total carotenoid, total polyphenol, and vitamin C contents of films were evaluated, while the total carotenoid, peroxide index, conjugated diene, and hexanal content of the packaged product (palm oil) were also monitored. The same analysis also evaluated palm oil packed in films without antioxidant additives (C1), palm oil packed in low-density polyethylene films (C2), and palm oil with no package (C3) as a control. Although the film-forming procedure affected the antioxidant compounds, the results indicated that antioxidants were effective additives for protecting the packaged product. A lower peroxide index (36.12%), which was significantly different from that of the control (p<0.05), was detected in products packed in film formulations containing high concentration of additives. However, it was found that the high content of vitamin C in acerola pulp acted as a prooxidant agent, which suggests that the use of rich vitamin C pulps should be avoided as additives for films.